We say that a function f:V→{0,1,...,diam(G)} is a broadcast if for every vertex v∈V, f(v)≤e(v), where diam(G) denotes the diameter of G and e(v) denotes the eccentricity of v. The cost of a broadcast is the value f(V)=∑v∈Vf(v). In this paper we introduce and study the minimum and maximum costs of several types of broadcasts in graphs, including dominating, independent and efficient broadcasts.

Diploma thesis People as objects of showbusiness examines the problematics of objectifying of human bodies in the world of showbusiness. The main purpose is to warn about the existence of objectification and related sexualization of human body, which is often presented in media such as print, advertisements, on the internet or on television. The author chose to analyse this phenomenon on case of television show Your Face Sounds Familiar (translated as Tvoje Tvář Má Známý Hlas) based on her own experiences which she gained in past while participating on the creation of this project. Next to a content analysis, which is supposed to reveal specific signs of objectification on television screens, the author also carried out a participant observation during the preparations of the broadcast. The purpose of the observation was to reveal to public how such television formats emergence and to determine if the phenomenon of objectification is also present in the show's background. To finalise the practical research, she adds in-depth interviews with some of the artists who participated in the making of chosen television broadcast. These interviews reflect their way of thinking about objectification of their own bodies and show their perspective on this phenomenon in wider frame.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-10T11:31:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleber Vanderlei Rohrer.pdf: 3723735 bytes, checksum: 6f4d3f7e0e73aaf033667688da0449c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T11:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleber Vanderlei Rohrer.pdf: 3723735 bytes, checksum: 6f4d3f7e0e73aaf033667688da0449c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research analyses how football is part of Brazilian culture because of its playful aspect, with elements in its daily routine and language, and how it is presented in the media. The history of football in the media is observed with the aim of establishing the connection between this sport and means of communication, besides showing the modifications and adjustments the language has undergone to follow the changes that occurred with the advance in technology. Highlights include how media convergence has changed the way fans watch the matches on digital television, internet and mobile devices. The process of convergence is analysed from the concepts presented by Jesus Martín-Barbero, Pierre Lévy, Henry Jenkins and Lucia Leão, backed up by sport sociological studies of Norbert Elias e Eric Dunning. World Cup and Olympics are events that always bring new technologies that directly impact sports broadcasts for both professionals and fans.During these events held in Brazil, in 2014 and 2016, respectively, besides the traditional media - such as radio, television and newspapers - the internet and mobile devices, as tablets and cell phones, increased the possibilities for fans to watch the matches. Research shows that fans assimilate new technologies through mobile devices without forgetting radio and television broadcasting. Another point to emphasize is that new technologies not only change the way fans watch the matches but also are assimilated into football structure. This study analysed Brazilian Football Championship matches and the new stadiums' operation, such as Allianz Parque and Arena Corinthians. Several teams’ supporters were interviewed in order to analyse how they watch the football matches and to determine the importance of sport in their lives / A presente pesquisa analisa como o futebol faz parte da cultura brasileira por meio do seu aspecto lúdico, com elementos que são incluídos em seu cotidiano e em sua linguagem, e como é apresentado nos meios de comunicação. A história do futebol nas mídias é observada com o objetivo de estabelecer a importância da conexão entre esse esporte e os meios de comunicação, além de mostrar as alterações, adaptações e assimilações pelas quais a linguagem passou para acompanhar as mudanças ocorridas com os avanços da tecnologia. Destacamos como a convergência midiática tem alterado a forma dos torcedores para acompanhar as partidas com os recursos da televisão digital, internet e os dispositivos móveis. Esse percurso sobre a cultura da convergência é analisado a partir dos conceitos apresentados por Jesus Martín-Barbero, Pierre Lévy, Henry Jenkins e Lucia Leão, auxiliados pelos estudos sociológicos do esporte realizados pelos autores Norbert Elias e Eric Dunning. A Copa do Mundo e os Jogos Olímpicos são eventos que trazem sempre novas tecnologias e impactam diretamente nas transmissões esportivas dos anos seguintes, tanto para os profissionais, quanto para os torcedores. No caso desses eventos realizados no Brasil, em 2014 e 2016, respectivamente, além dos meios de comunicação tradicionais - como rádio, televisão e jornal -, a internet e os dispositivos móveis, como tablets e celulares, ampliaram as possibilidades dos torcedores no acompanhamento das partidas. A pesquisa mostra que os torcedores assimilam as novas tecnologias por meio dos dispositivos móveis, sem deixar de lado transmissões radiofônicas ou televisivas. Outro ponto a se destacar é que as novas tecnologias não apenas mudam a maneira do torcedor acompanhar as partidas e as transmissões, mas, aos poucos, também são assimiladas na estrutura do futebol, embora ainda sofram resistência nesse processo. Para este trabalho foram analisados jogos do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol e o funcionamento das novas arenas, como a Allianz Parque e a Arena Corinthians. Torcedores de diversos times foram entrevistados a fim de se analisar como eles acompanham as partidas de futebol e de estabelecer a importância do esporte em seu cotidiano

English is the language studied by the majority of students at the Institute of International Relations in Vietnam. News broadcasts are used as teaching material since, for instance, graduates will need to monitor news broadcasts as part of their work. Students constantly encounter difficulties in listening to the news broadcasts on English-speaking radio. The purpose of this Study is therefore to identify factors which may cause problems for Vietnamese listeners to English news broadcasts. This Study presents the findings from questionnaires related to radio listening and the findings from an analysis of news extracts in English and Vietnamese. In the conclusion to the study implications for the teaching of radio broadcast listening in Vietnam are discussed.

The audio signals can provide rich semantic cues for analyzing multimedia content, so audio information has been recently used for content-based multimedia indexing and retrieval. Due to growing amount of audio data, demand for efficient retrieval techniques is increasing. In this thesis work, we propose a complete, scalable and extensible audio based content management and retrieval system for news broadcasts. The proposed system considers classification, segmentation, analysis and retrieval of an audio stream. In the sound classification and segmentation stage, a sound stream is segmented by classifying each sub segment into silence, pure speech, music, environmental sound, speech over music, and speech over environmental sound in multiple steps. Support Vector Machines and Hidden Markov Models are employed for classification and these models are trained by using different sets of MPEG-7 features. In the analysis and retrieval stage, two alternatives exist for users to query audio data. The first of these isolates user from main acoustic classes by providing semantic domain based fuzzy classes. The latter offers users to query audio by giving an audio sample in order to find out the similar segments or by requesting expressive summary of the content directly. Additionally, a series of tests was conducted on audio tracks of TRECVID news broadcasts to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution.

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti sveikatos laidų įtaką Kauno miesto pacientų pasirinkimui įsigyti vaistinius preparatus ir maisto papildus. Darbo uždaviniai: Nustatyti Kauno vaistinės pacientų grupes, kurios žiūri sveikatos laidas; įvertinti pacientų nuomonę apie sveikatos laidas ir jų naudingumą; nustatyti sveikatos laidų įtaką paciento pasirinkimui įsigyti per laidą aptartą produktą; įvertinti farmacijos specialisto konsultacijos reikšmę paciento pasirinkimui įsigyti sveikatos laidoje pristatytą vaistinį preparatą ar maisto papildą. Tyrimo objektas ir metodai: Objektas – Kauno visuomenės vaistinės pacientų požiūris į sveikatos laidas. Tiriamųjų apklausai naudoti anketavimo bei struktūrizuoto interviu metodai. Buvo naudota anketa, sudaryta iš 23 klausimų. Surinktų duomenų statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS programos 17 versiją. Ryšiai tarp požymių vertinti chi kvadrato kriterijumi, statistinio reikšmingumo lygmuo p<0,05. Rezultatai: Viso tyrimo metu apklausti 434 pacientai, iš jų 258 pacientai buvo žiūrėję ar klausę sveikatos laidų. Dažniausiai sveikatos laidas žiūri ir klausosi: moterys (68,2 proc.), 60-74 metų amžiaus (86,2 proc.); nedirbantys (83,9 proc.); turintys nebaigtą vidurinį išsilavinimą (83,3 proc.); turintys gydytojo diagnozuotą ligą (71,7 proc.) ir pastoviai vartojantys 5 ir daugiau vaistų ar maisto papildų (88,8 proc.). Tyrimas parodė, kad daugumai respondentų (52,8 proc.) sveikatos laidos suteikia naudingos informacijos apie esamas gydymo galimybes, tačiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study: To evaluate the influence of the health broadcast on the Kaunas city patients’ choice to purchase medicines and food supplements Tasks of the work: To identify the patients groups of Kaunas pharmacy, which are watching the health broadcasts; to assess patients' opinion on the health broadcasts and their usefulness; to determine the impact of the health broadcast on patient’s choice to buy the product covered during the broadcast; to assess the importance of the advice of a pharmacy on the patient's choice to purchase the product or food supplement covered during the broadcast. Object and methods: Object – Kaunas’ community pharmacies patients’ opinion about health programs. The study was conducted by questionnaires and structured interview methods. The questionnaire has 23 questions. The statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using version 17 of SPSS program. The relations between the features were evaluated by the chi-square criterion, the level of the statistical significance p < 0.05. Results: During the study 434 patients were interviewed, of whom 258 – watched or listened to health broadcasts. Main listeners and watchers: women (68.2%); 60-74 years old (86.2%); unemployed (83.9%); with incomplete secondary education (83.3%); with the diagnosed disease (71.7%); constantly are taking 5 or more medicines or food supplements (88.8%). The study showed that for the majority of respondents (52.8%) health broadcasts provide useful information... [to full text]

Thesis (MPhil )--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the advent of the information age, government ministries in Lesotho, as well as nongovernmental agencies, are trying to gain publicity in terms of services they offer to the general public. The Ministry of Employment and Labour (MEL), for example, resorted to using radio programmes in order to inform the public about the services it offers. These range from career guidance and counselling, pre- and post-employment advice, information about occupational health and safety and HIV/AIDS, providing facts about what type of vacancies are available locally and internationally, to instilling the spirit of dialogue among relevant stakeholders in matters related to labour, employers and employees. During various weekly radio presentations, presented in Sesotho, several departments are able to go on-air and present services that their departments offer to the general public and what the public can do in the event they are given a disservice by the concerned department. In the process of doing so, many technical terms are used. These often take the form of code switches into English, translations from English into Sesotho and borrowings from English. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the use of code switching, translation and borrowing makes it possible for factory workers in Lesotho to understand the message that is being delivered to them in a clear and unmistakable manner that will influence a change of behaviour on the part of factory workers. In order to ascertain the level of comprehension of technical terms, participants completed a questionnaire in which they gave their understanding of various technical terms selected from transcribed MEL radio broadcasts. The findings of this study show that the use of code switching, translation and borrowing from English limit the understanding of what is being communicated, making the radio broadcasts less effective in disseminating information on matters related to HIV/AIDS, the plight of factory workers according to the ratified conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO), legal terms related to contracts of employment, their commencement and termination, conditions of work, the level of the unemployed versus the employed, skills needed to venture into the country’s labour market and occupational health and safety guidelines as reflected in the Labour Code of Lesotho. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die aanbreek van die inligtingsera probeer staatsministeries in Lesotho, asook nieregeringsorganisasies, om publisiteit te verkry vir die openbare dienste wat hul lewer. Die Ministerie van Werksverskaffing en Arbeid (MWA) het byvoorbeeld besluit om gebruik te maak van radioprogramme om die publiek in te lig aangaande sy dienste. Hierdie dienste wissel van beroepsvoorligting en -berading, voor- en na-indiensnemingsadvies, inligting oor bedryfsgesondheid en -veiligheid en HIV/VIGS, die verskaffing van feite oor beskikbare plaaslike en internasionale vakaturetipes, tot die kweek van ’n dialoog-gees onder relevante belanghebbendes in arbeid-, werkgewer- en werknemersake. Tydens verskeie weeklikse radio-aanbiedings, aangebied in Sesotho, kan ’n aantal departemente hulle openbare dienste adverteer, asook die prosedure wat gevolg kan word deur lede van die publiek wat veronreg is deur die gegewe departement. Hierdie boodskappe bevat verskeie tegniese terme, dikwels aangebied in die vorm van kodewisselings na Engels, vertalings uit Engels na Sesotho, asook Engelse leenwoorde. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of die gebruik van kodewisseling, vertaling en woordleen fabriekswerkers in Lesotho daartoe in staat stel om die boodskap wat gekommunikeer word te verstaan in ’n duidelike, ondubbelsinnige wyse wat tot ’n gedragsverandering onder die fabriekswerkers sal lei. Ten einde die begripsvlak vir tegniese terme vas te stel, het deelnemers ’n vraelys voltooi waarin hulle hul begrip van verskeie tegniese terme (geselekteer uit getranskribeerde MWA-radiouitsendings), weergegee het. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie dui daarop dat die gebruik van kodewisseling, vertaling en woordleen uit Engels die begrip van wat gekommunikeer word, beperk. Dít maak die radiouitsendings minder effektief in die verspreiding van inligting oor HIV/VIGS; die saak van fabriekwerkers (met inagname van die gesanksioneerde konvensies van die Internasionale Arbeidsorganisasie); regsterme wat verband hou met arbeidskontrakte, spesifiek hul aanvang en terminasie, asook werksomstandighede; die vlak van werkloses teenoor werkendes; die vaardighede wat benodig word om die land se arbeidsmark te betree; en bedryfsgesondheid en –veiligheidsriglyne, soos gereflekteer in die Arbeidswet van Lesotho.

The main question this bachelor thesis aims to answer is how the public service program Tg1’s news broadcasts may look. The following questions were used to discuss thetendencies of the result: How can the distribution of the news categories appear in Tg1’sbroadcasts? Can the main news be considered as impartial and objective in its linguisticand pictorial representation? To answer the aforementioned question I chose to do a combined study, using aquantitative content analysis and a qualitative content analysis. To lead my research, I focused on two requirements underlined by public servicebroadcasters, namely, objectivity and impartiality, and diversity. The outcome shows thatthe diversity in Tg1’s broadcast is disproportionate and that the pictorial representation isnot impartial and objective without the linguistic part. Then, additionally to mytheoretical choice, the public service role in a democracy, a discussion about the resultand its consequences has been set up.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 43-46).

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux fonctions des marqueurs discursifs ‘you know’, ‘then’ et ‘ya‘ni’ (I mean) en tant que structures autonomes du point de vue syntaxique et en tant qu’unités linguistiques opérationnelles et multifonctionnelles du point de vue conversationnel. Dans une perspective pragmatique, ce travail explore la corrélation entre la position et la fonction en maintenant que la valeur d’un marqueur en position initiale est différente de celle exprimée en position médiane ou en position finale. Dans le contexte des interactions verbales politiques au sein des émissions télévisées en arabe et en anglais, le but de cette thèse est de contribuer aux analyses conversationnelles pragmatiques. À travers une recherche empirique, l’analyse montre que la multifonctionnalité de ces items linguistiques est liée à leur flexibilité syntaxique. Ces marqueurs discursifs assument diverses fonctions contextuelles qui évoluent continuellement sur une échelle pragmatique. L’évolution pragmatique de ‘you know’, ‘then’ et ‘ya‘ni’ engendre des expressions complexes au niveau de leur sémantisme. Ces unités pragmatiques deviennent plus ambiguës car elles s’éloignent davantage de leur sens de base en acquérant des significations contextuelles. Ainsi, ces marqueurs évoquent d’autres interprétations et ne peuvent se limiter qu’à leur sens d’origine. En l’occurrence, on leur attribue des équivalents les plus proches selon le contexte de leur occurrence.Les résultats révèlent que ‘ya‘ni’ peut être substitué par d’autres marqueurs de différentes catégories grammaticales en anglais. Cette unité polysémique, polyfonctionnelle, poly-équivalente et poly-catégorielle partage des fonctions avec ‘you know’, ‘then’, ‘I think’, ‘so’, ‘in fact’ et d’autres marqueurs. La variation pragmatique suit le but illocutoire du locuteur, la prise en compte d’autrui et l’organisation de l’interaction verbale. Dans deux situations socioculturelles différentes, l’anglais et l’arabe confirment que ces items linguistiques sont des unités conversationnelles contextuelles et multifonctionnelles. Leur rôle est visiblement actif dans une situation sociale où l’interaction entre le locuteur et l’interlocuteur est un facteur saillant ; tel est le cas des échanges verbaux télévisés. / This PhD thesis deals with the pragmatic functions of ‘you know’, ‘then’ and ‘ya‘nĩ’ (I mean) as autonomous syntactic structures and as operational and multifunctional linguistic units in conversation. Within a pragmatic framework, the research discusses the correlation between position and function, in which the pragmatic value of a marker in initial position is different from that conveyed in medial or final positions. The goal of this study is to contribute to the pragmatic analysis of conversations by analyzing political verbal interactions in Arabic and English television broadcasts. The results of this empirical study show that the multi-functionality of these linguistic items is related to their syntactic flexibility. These discourse markers imply a variety of contextual functions which evolve gradually on a pragmatic scale.The pragmatic evolution of ‘you know’, ‘then’ and ‘ya‘nĩ’ generate complex semantic expressions. These pragmatic units in fact become increasingly complex; they go beyond their basic meaning to acquire progressively contextual implications. Thus, these markers refer to other interpretations and transcend their immediate semantic base. In this respect, they can be substituted according to the context of their occurrence. The results reveal that ‘ya‘nĩ’ can be substituted with other markers from different grammatical categories in English. This polysemous, multi-functional, poly-equivalent and poly-categorical conversational unit shares its pragmatic functions with ‘you know’, ‘then’, ‘I think’, ‘so’, ‘in fact’ and other discourse markers. Pragmatic variation depends on the illocutionary perspective of the speaker, the relation with the hearer and the organization of the verbal interaction. In two distinct sociocultural situations, English and Arabic, it is confirmed that these linguistic items are contextual and multifunctional conversational units. Their role is relevant in a social situation where the interaction between the speaker and the hearer is a salient factor, as in the case of political verbal exchanges in television broadcasts.