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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veronica DAgostino Piqueira.pdf: 959865 bytes, checksum: af3af03c97b9613293c5dcfac01b96ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-23 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / Hoping to contribute to broaden the discussion on the issue of popular American cultural imaginary, the objective of this dissertation is to reflect on the concept of normality and abnormality featured in the movie Freaks (1932), dedicated to the representation of the social and cultural universe of sideshows. We will present the influences that pierced the way director Tod Browning, searching referrals for the formation of his author cinema in his history since his youth as itinerant artist until the dimension of slapstick actor, director and writer of his own films. We'll also discuss some of the reasons that led to the emancipation of the horror genre during the Great Depression, seeking aesthetic, literary and political references in the narrative of his major classics. Based on these studies, this research transits in an interdisciplinary way by languages History of Culture and Film, presenting an encounter between monsters and humans and the way how they are expressed in the body exposed in Freaks. / Esperando contribuir para ampliar as discussões sobre a questão do imaginário cultural popular americano, o objetivo da presente dissertação é refletir sobre o conceito de normalidade e anormalidade apresentado no filme Freaks (1932), dedicado à representação do universo social e cultural dos sideshows. Apresentaremos as influências que transpassaram o caminho do diretor Tod Browning, buscando referências para a formação do seu cinema autoral em sua história vivida desde a juventude como artista itinerante até a dimensão como ator de pastelão, diretor e roteirista de seus próprios filmes. Discutiremos também algumas razões que levaram à emancipação do gênero de horror no período da Grande Depressão, buscando referências estéticas, literárias e políticas na narrativa de seus principais clássicos. Baseando-se nesses estudos, esta pesquisa transita de forma interdisciplinar pelas linguagens História da Cultura e Cinematográfica, apresentando o encontro entre monstros e humanos e o modo como são expressos no corpo exposto em Freaks.

This dissertation examines the nature of epiphanic discourse in three of Robert Browning's religious poems, namely, 'Christmas- Eve', 'Easter-bay' and 'La Saisiaz'. Chapter 1 investigates epiphany from religious, historical and theoretical perspectives, followed by a discussion of Browning's developing Christian beliefs. Chapters 2 and 3 explore the epiphanic moment in the companion poems, 'Christmas- Eve' and 'Easter-Day'. Chapter 4 explores how the double epiphany initiated from Browning's personal experience recounted in 'La Saisiaz', finds its resolution in 'The Two Poets of Croisic'. Browning's 'good minute' or 'infinite moment' originates in Romanticism and reverberates into the twentieth century mainly in the writing of James Joyce, who first used the word 'epiphany' in its literary sense. Because Browning's faith allowed continual interrogation of Christian doctrine, his experience and reading of epiphanic moments avoid any attempt at closure. Thus they offer the reader both a human image for recognition and a coded legend for individual interpretation / M.A. (English Studies) / M.A. (English)

Many Nineteenth century writers experienced the withdrawal of God discussed by Miller in The Disappearance of God. Robert Browning and Charles Dickens present two examples of "Fra Lippo Lippi" and Great Expectations model effective alternatives to accepting God's absence. Conversely "Andrea del Sarto" accepts the void the other two heroes shun.

This dissertation examines the nature of epiphanic discourse in three of Robert Browning's religious poems, namely, 'Christmas- Eve', 'Easter-bay' and 'La Saisiaz'. Chapter 1 investigates epiphany from religious, historical and theoretical perspectives, followed by a discussion of Browning's developing Christian beliefs. Chapters 2 and 3 explore the epiphanic moment in the companion poems, 'Christmas- Eve' and 'Easter-Day'. Chapter 4 explores how the double epiphany initiated from Browning's personal experience recounted in 'La Saisiaz', finds its resolution in 'The Two Poets of Croisic'. Browning's 'good minute' or 'infinite moment' originates in Romanticism and reverberates into the twentieth century mainly in the writing of James Joyce, who first used the word 'epiphany' in its literary sense. Because Browning's faith allowed continual interrogation of Christian doctrine, his experience and reading of epiphanic moments avoid any attempt at closure. Thus they offer the reader both a human image for recognition and a coded legend for individual interpretation / M.A. (English Studies) / M.A. (English)

Gemenskap är eftersträvansvärt för de flesta människor. Samtidigt är många gemenskaper relativt homogena och likriktade. På ett liknande sätt är många kristna församlingsgemenskaper uppbyggda, dvs. de är gemenskaper där mångfalden får svårt att hävda sig. Kan teologin bidra med öppningar i ett samtal om gemenskap och mångfald i den kristna församlingen och i mänskligt samliv? Denna avhandling utgår från hur man inom två konkreta församlingar i Svenska kyrkan talar om identitet och pluralism och försöker komma till rätta med att man har olika tankefigurer för hur en församlingsgemenskap skall kunna innefatta mångfald. Församlingarnas svårigheter pekar mot ett allmänkyrkligt dilemma, kanske allmänmänskligt: Hur förena gemenskap och mångfald? Dietrich Bonhoeffer är en teolog som i sina skrifter diskuterade just denna problematik, först som ung i avhandlingen Sanctorum Communio, senare som ledare för prästseminariet i Finkenwalde i boken Life Together och slutligen som motståndsman under krigsåren i det som var avsett att bli hans magnum opus, Ethics. Utifrån Bonhoeffers teologiska diskussion blir det viktigt att möta församlingarnas praktiska dilemma genom ansvarigt handlande i den konkreta situationen, att försöka gestalta en församlingsgemenskap som bejakar olikhet, medveten om mångfalden och om att varje handling hotar att utestänga några. / Most people strive for fellowship. However, most communities and fellowships are fairly homogenous and uniform. Many Christian parish fellowships are built in a similar fashion; they are, in other words, fellowships where pluralism has a hard time asserting itself. Could theology possibly contribute to opening up for discussions regarding community and pluralism in the Christian church and in social life? This dissertation takes its starting point in how two actual parishes in Sweden talk about identity and pluralism and how they try to come to grips with the fact that in each parish there are different mental figures as to how parish fellowship might include pluralism. The difficulties facing the parishes point to a dilemma facing all churches, and possibly all human beings: How to unite fellowship and pluralism? Dietrich Bonhoeffer is a theologian who in his writings discussed this very issue, first as a young man in his dissertation Sanctorum Communio, then later as the leader of the Seminary at Finkenwalde in his book Life Together and finally as a member of the resistance movement during WWII in what was meant to be his magnum opus, Ethics. Based on the theological discussion of Bonhoeffer, it becomes an important task to address the practical dilemma of the churches through responsible action in the practical situation; to try to model a community that includes otherness, at the same time being aware ofthe plurality and that each action may threaten to shut some people out.

A obesidade é fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de resistência à insulina (RI), diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) e doenças cardiovasculares, e o treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) é recomendado para a prevenção e o tratamento de tais doenças. O sistema renina angiotensina (SRA), especificamente as alças ECA/Ang II/AT1 e ECA2/Ang (1-7)/Mas, está envolvido no desenvolvimento e progressão da obesidade e da RI, e por isso é considerado um potencial alvo terapêutico. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar se a prevenção da obesidade e da RI está associada com a modulação das alças do SRA no tecido adiposo branco (TAB). Para isso, camundongos machos adultos C57BL6/J foram separados em grupos (n=10/grupo) sedentários (SED) alimentados com dieta normocalórica (NO) e de cafeteria (CAF) (SED-NO e SED-CAF) e treinados (TF) alimentados com dieta NO e CAF (TF-NO e TF-CAF). O TFA foi realizado simultaneamente com as dietas durante 8 semanas. Os resultados revelaram que o grupo SED-CAF apresentou maior peso corporal e adiposidade, intolerância à glicose e RI, enquanto o TFA preveniu tais prejuízos no grupo TF-CAF. No TAB periepididimal (TAB-PE), os grupos SED-CAF e TF-CAF reduziram a expressão de p-AKT, aumentaram a expressão de ATGL, p-HSL e IL-6. Embora a ECA2 sérica tenha aumentado nos grupos TF-NO e TF-CAF, e a Ang (1-7) sérica aumentado no grupo TFNO, não houve modificação nos componentes de ambas as alças do SRA no TAB-PE. No TAB subcutâneo (TAB-SC), o TFA reduziu a razão p-AKT/t-AKT e aumentou a expressão da ATGL nos grupos TF-NO e TF-CAF e, aumentou a t-HSL e razão p-HSL/t-HSL no TF-CAF. O TFA preveniu a hipertrofia dos adipócitos no TF-CAF e aumentou a expressão da UCP-1 apenas no TF-NO. O grupo TF-CAF aumentou a expressão dos receptores AT1, AT2 e Mas, enquanto o TF-NO aumentou a Ang (1-7) e a razão Ang (1-7)/Ang II no TAB-SC. Foi observada correlação positiva entre a UCP-1 e a constante de decaimento de glicose (Kitt) e, entre a UCP-1 e a Ang (1-7). O TFA preveniu a obesidade e a RI em animais submetidos à dieta de cafeteria, e a contribuição do TAB-PE e do TAB-SC foi por meio da redução na expressão de proteínas envolvidas na sinalização da insulina e do aumento na expressão de proteínas sinalizadoras de lipólise. Além disso, o TFA não impediu o aumento de marcador inflamatório no TAB-PE, porém preveniu o prejuízo na expressão de genes termogênicos no TAB-SC induzido pela dieta de cafeteria. A inalteração ou a modulação parcial de componentes das alças ECA/Ang II/AT1 e ECA2/Ang(1-7)/Mas no TAB-PE sugere que o SRA não participou dos efeitos induzidos pelo TFA associados à prevenção de obesidade e RI. No entanto, no TAB-SC, o aumento na concentração de Ang (1-7) no grupo dieta normocalórica e dos receptores Mas e AT2 no grupo dieta cafeteria induzido pelo TFA, sugerem a contribuição do SRA na prevenção de obesidade e RI / Obesity is a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease, and aerobic exercise training (AET) is recommended for the prevention and treatment of such diseases. The renin angiotensin system (RAS), specifically the ACE/Ang II/AT1 and ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas, is involved in the development and progression of obesity and IR, and is therefore considered a potential therapeutic target. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the prevention of obesity and IR is associated with the modulation of the RAS axis in white adipose tissue (WAT). For this, adult male C57BL6/J mice were divided into groups (n= 10/group) sedentary (SED) fed normocaloric diet (NO) and cafeteria diet (CAF) (SED-NO and SED-CAF) and trained (TF) fed NO and CAF diet (TF-NO and TF-CAF). The AET was performed simultaneously with the diets for 8 weeks. The results showed that the SEDCAF group presented higher body weight and adiposity, glucose intolerance and IR, while AET prevented such damages in the TF-CAF group. In the periepididimal WAT (WAT-PE), the SED-CAF and TF-CAF groups reduced the expression of p-AKT, increased the expression of ATGL, p-HSL and IL-6. Although serum ACE2 increased in the TF-NO and TF-CAF groups, and Ang (1-7) increased in the TF-NO group, there was no change in the components of both RAS axis in WAT-PE. In the subcutaneous WAT (WAT-SC), AET reduced the p-AKT/t-AKT ratio and increased ATGL expression in TFNO and TF-CAF groups and increased t-HSL and p-HSL/t-HSL ratio in TF-CAF. AET prevented adipocyte hypertrophy in TF-CAF and increased UCP-1 expression only in TF-NO. The TF-CAF group increased the expression of AT1, AT2 and Mas receptors, whereas TF-NO increased Ang (1-7) and Ang (1-7)/Ang II ratio in WAT-SC. Positive correlation was observed between UCP-1 and the glucose decay constant (Kitt) and between UCP-1 and Ang (1-7). In conclusion, AET prevented obesity and IR in animals submitted to the cafeteria diet, and the contribution of WAT-PE and WAT-SC was reducing the expression of proteins involved in insulin signaling and increasing the expression of signaling proteins of lipolysis. In addition, AET did not prevent the increase of inflammatory marker in the WAT-PE, but prevented the loss in the expression of thermogenic genes in the WAT-SC induced by the cafeteria diet. The unalteration or partial modulation of components of the ACE/Ang II/AT1 and ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis in WAT-PE suggests that RAS did not participate in the AET-induced effects associated with prevention of obesity and IR. However, in the WAT-SC, the Ang (1-7) concentration increase in the normocaloric diet group and the Mas and AT2 receptors increase in the cafeteria diet group induced by AET suggest the association of RAS with the prevention of obesity and IR