Scope of this work is the problematic of data visualization. Data visualization is a useful tool to present and gather new information and thus get to better decisions. In theoretical part, data analysis topics are dealt with. Then specific types of graphs are listed and explained, and in next part problems with graph creation are pinpointed. Basics of graphic and web design are also mentioned. Practical part is focused on visualization of data of processed results of speech analysis, gathered from patients with Parkinson disease. Because majority of people in medical industry do not have, or is not able to work with specialized software (such as Matlab), outputs in HTML table and SVG format were created based on Python programming language. Both these parts are accommodated into webpage, which can be easily opened in web browser installed in most of computers regardless of operation system used.

This thesis discusses rendering capabilities of web browsers of accelerated 3D scene rendering. It specifically deals with direct volumetric medical data visualization. It focuses on the usage of ray casting algorithm, its quality and its realistic rendering options. One of the goals was to create an application that demonstrates the ability to render three-dimensional volume data in a web browser using WebGL. The application is written in JavaSript and its 3D rendering core uses the Three.js library.

The advent of HTML5 (Hyper Text Markup Language revision 5) technologies are re-standardizing the web and paving the way for a new breed of real-time web applications. This has great potential for mobile browsers that are now supporting protocols such as WebSocket and Server-Sent Events (SSE). These protocols can provide ecient real-time communication in a scalable manner, especially for \always-on" applications requiring persistent connections that are now widely used. Mobile devices are inherently restricted due to their limited battery power and require frequent charging. Therefore, experimentation that potentially promotes breakthroughs in mobile energy eciency is useful at this time. Extensive measurements were conducted over 3G, 4G, and WiFi networks to analyze the performance of WebSocket and SSE across a variety of popular mobile devices, browsers, and platforms. Devices were connected to a power monitor for a precise understanding of the energetic effects of keep-alive mechanisms and their overall effects on long-lasting connectivity. The results reveal that application level keep-alive mechanisms are not necessary to sustain the connections indefinitely, given proper server and network congurations. However, to avoid timeouts and to detect prematurely disconnected clients, keep-alive exchanges are necessary and useful in practice. The effects of short and long keep-alive interval values are examined in detail for all devices. Browser performance varies widely as no browser was completely successful for both WebSocket and SSE tests. Further improvements in mobile browser support for these technologies will be necessary to reach the full potential of real-time applications in the future. / Tillkomsten av HTML5 (Hyper Text Markup Language revision 5) teknik är åter standardisera webben och bana väg för en ny typ av realtid webbapplikationer. Detta har stor potential för mobila webbläsare som nu stödjer protokoll såsom WebSocket och Server-Sent Events (SSE). Dessa protokoll kan ge effektiv kommunikation i realtid på ett skalbart sätt, särskilt för \alltid-på" applikationer som kräver beständiga anslutningar som nu används i stor utsträckning. Mobila enheter är i sig begränsade på grund av deras begränsade batteri och kräver frekvent laddning. Därför är experiment som potentiellt främjar genombrott i mobil energie ektivitet användbar vid denna tid. Omfattande mätningar utfördes över 3G, 4G och WiFi-nätverk för att analysera resultatet for Web-Socket och SSE över en variation av populära mobila enheter, webbläsare och plattformar. Enheter var ansluten till en monitor för en exakt förståelse av de energiska effekter keep-alive-mekanismer och deras samlade effekter på långvarig anslutning. Resultaten visar att applikationsnivå keep-alive-mekanismerna är inte nödvändigt att upprätthålla anslutningarna på obestämd tid, ges rätt server och konfigurationer nätverk. Men för att undvika timeout och att upptäcka tidigt frånkopplade klienter, keep-alive-börser är nödvändiga och användbara i praktiken. Effekterna av korta och långa keep-alive intervallvärdena granskas i detalj för alla enheter. Browser prestanda varierar kraftigt eftersom ingen webbläsare var helt lyckat för både WebSocket och SSE tester. Ytterligare förbättringar av mobila webbläsare stöd för denna teknik kommer att vara nödvändigt för att uppnå den fulla potentialen av realtidsapplikationer i framtiden.

Certificate Authorities (CAs) carry a huge responsibility in today's internet security landscape as they issue certificates that establish secure end-to-end connections. This thesis conducts a policy review and survey of CAs' Certificate Policies and Certificate Practice Statements to find similarities and differences that could lead to possible vulnerabilities. Based on this, the thesis then presents a taxonomy-based analysis as well as comparisons of the top CAs to the Baseline Requirements. The main areas of the policies that were focused on are the issuance, revocation and expiration practices of the top 30 CAs as determined by the use of Tranco's list. We also determine the top CA groups, meaning the CAs whose policies are being used by the most other CAs as well as including a top 100 CAs list. The study suggests that the most popular CAs hold such a position because of two main reasons: they are easy to acquire and/or because they are connected to several other CAs.  The results suggest that some of the biggest vulnerabilities in the policies are what the CAs do not mention in any section as it puts the CA at risk for vulnerabilities. The results also suggest that the most dangerous attacks are social engineering attacks, as some of the stipulations for issuance and revocations make it possible to pretend to be the entity of subscribes to the certificate rather than a malicious one.

For many years it has only been HTML, CSS, and JavaScript that have been native to the Web. In December 2019, WebAssembly joined them as the fourth language to run natively on the Web. This thesis compared WebAssembly to the technologies ActiveX, Java applets, Asm.js, and Portable Native Client (PNaCl) in terms of their performance, security, and browser support. The reason why this was an interesting topic to investigate was to determine in what areas WebAssembly is an improvement over previous similar technologies. Another goal was to provide companies that still use older technologies with an indication as to whether or not it is worth upgrading their system with newer technology. To answer the problem, the thesis mainly focused on comparing the performance of the technologies through a controlled experiment. The thesis also aimed at getting a glimpse of the security differences between the technologies by the use of a literature study. The thesis showed that PNaCl was the technology with the best performance. However, WebAssembly had better browser support. Also, PNaCl is deprecated while WebAssembly is heavily supported and could potentially be further optimized.

This thesis deals with a web-based lecture browser. Its goal is to facilitate the access to information with the use of modern speech and multimedia technologies. Technologies used for this browser are discussed. Video recordings play a very important role in the browser, and therefore the big portion of this work is aimed at the digital video and methods of its delivery using streaming servers. Solutions of similar multimedia browsers are mentioned. The reader is acquainted with the browser design. This includes describing the various components of the browser and how their mutual synchronization is done. The final version of the browser is introduced and the problems that occurred during the development process and deployment into service are mentioned. In the conclusion of this work the future development of the web-based lecture browser is discussed.

Creative AI in the music field has in recent years begun stepping out of the confines of academia and seen increased adoption among musicians thanks to developers launching consumer products powered by AI. These new tools are opening up new possibilities in music-making, but their increased use and development prompts inquiry regarding their sustainability. While studies have been conducted on the sustainability of training AI models, the sustainability of the usage of Creative AI remains largely unexplored. To amend this, this paper studies the energy consumption of using four music-related browser-based Creative AI tools. The four tools are Tone Transfer, Piano Scribe, MidiMe and Performance RNN, all developed by Google Magenta. The energy consumption of the tools was found by measuring the power provided to the computer. This was done by connecting a smart plug between the computer’s power cord and the wall socket. We found that Tone Transfer consumed the most energy per use with an average energy consumption of 392 J. MidiMe consumed the least energy per use with 138 J. All the tools consumed less energy per use than leaving the computer running in steady-state for 70 seconds. With this study, we have shown that the usage of music-related Creative AI tools does not represent a threat to sustainability goals. Our findings indicate that the tools studied in this paper manage to be efficient, while being both powerful and useful. This disputes the notion that there is a trade-off between performance and efficiency in the design of AI tools. We postulate that when developing tools for local use by consumers, developers are bound by limitations that force them to design efficient tools. / Kreativ AI inom musikområdet har under de senaste åren börjat ta sig ut ur den akademiska världens ramar och anammats i högre grad bland musiker. Detta tack vare att utvecklare börjat lanserat konsumentprodukter som drivs av AI. Dessa nya verktyg öppnar upp för nya möjligheter inom musikskapande, men deras ökade användning och utveckling föranleder undersökningar om deras hållbarhet. Även om studier har gjorts gällande hållbarheten av att träna AI-modeller, är hållbarheten av användningen av Kreativ AI fortfarande till stor del outforskat. För att ändra detta studerar vi i denna artikel energiförbrukningen av att använda fyra musikrelaterade webbläsarbaserade Kreativa AI-verktyg. De fyra verktygen är Tone Transfer, Piano Scribe, MidiMe och Performance RNN, alla utvecklade av Google Magenta. Verktygens energiförbrukning hittades genom att mäta effekten till datorn. Detta gjordes genom att ansluta en smart kontakt mellan datorns nätsladd och vägguttaget. Vi fann att Tone Transfer förbrukade mest energi per användning med en genomsnittlig energiförbrukning på 392 J. MidiMe förbrukade minst energi per användning med 138 J. Alla verktyg förbrukade mindre energi per användning än vad som konsumeras av att låta datorn vara igång i steady-state i 70 sekunder. Med denna studie har vi visat att användningen av musikrelaterade Kreativa AI-verktyg inte utgör ett hot mot hållbarhetsmål. Våra resultat tyder på att verktygen som studerats i denna artikel lyckas vara effektiva, samtidigt som de är både kraftfulla och användbara. Detta ifrågasätter uppfattningen om att det finns en avvägning mellan prestanda och effektivitet i utformningen av AI-verktyg. Vi anser att när utvecklare utvecklar verktyg för lokal användning av konsumenter är utvecklare bundna av begränsningar som tvingar dem att designa effektiva verktyg.

This degree project proposes a novel architecture for IoT systems, utilizing smartphones as edge devices and running the value-creating software such as preprocessing, anomaly detection, and deriving data-based insights in the web browser as opposed to natively on the device. Utilizing the smartphone as an edge device reduces cost of adoption for IoT technologies since less hardware has to be included in the system compared to bundling a device for processing with the system. However, in typical implementations, these smartphones are running native applications that are necessarily bound by the policy set up by the owners of the major application marketplaces through which the applications are distributed, that among other things enforce a heavy revenue-sharing program. Furthermore, this sytem is not convenient for the user since they have to download an application they may only use once or sparingly, and it relies on the compatibility between the operating system and the application. Running the application in the browser as opposed to natively would solve these issues. This work also explores the experimental WebUSB API and investigates its applicability in IoT systems. Specifically, this work explores two constructed scenarios that showcase the promise of this novel architecture to extrapolate how it can be utilized for other purposes. These two constructed scenarios are successfully implemented, and various metrics to analyse their performance and real world applicability are discussed. In one experiment, a QR-scanning application is implemented in the browser, and showcases an average frame rate of over 60 frames per second while rendering a live video feed of the contents captured by the camera as well as a loading animation, and an average time to completion for scanning a QR code of 0,204 seconds after initiating the scan. In another experiment, a firmware update is simulated by transferring encrypted data from the browser via the WebUSB API to a microcontroller. Due to the limitations of the experimental setup, the implementation could showcase a transfer of no more than 29 KB of encrypted data in 10 seconds. However, the implementation successfully shows that the browser can remain interactive even while performing these transferring operations, and that there are good APIs in place for developers to easily access the advanced sensors of the phone, and that the WebUSB API has good safety measures in place. Furthermore, the work successfully demonstrates how the WebUSB API can be utilized in IoT systems as a novel way of transferring data that holds great implications for the future of IoT systems in general, and the web in particular. To conclude, the work finds that the modern web browser works well as an environment for IoT applications, and that it has good access to the advanced sensors of the smartphone, and that theWebUSB API can effectively be utilised for data transfer in IoT applications. / Detta examensarbete föreslår en ny arkitektur för IoT-system som använder smarta telefoner som edge-enheter som behandlar den data de tar emot i webbläsaren, snarare än nativt på enheten. Att använda smarta telefoner som en edge-enheter minskar kostnaden för användning av IoT-teknologier eftersom mindre hårdvara behöver ingå i systemet, eftersom viss funktionalitet istället kan substitueras av den smarta telefonen. I typiska implementationer kör dessa smarta telefoner nativa applikationer som nödvändigtvis är bundna av de regelverk som fastställts av ägarna av de stora applikationsmarknaderna genom vilka applikationerna distribueras, vilket bland annat påtvingar applikationsägarna att ge bort stora delar av sina intäkter. Dessutom är detta system inte bekvämt för användaren eftersom de måste ladda ner en applikation de bara kommer använda ett fåtal gånger, och som dessutom är beroende av kompatibiliteten med operativsystemet. Att istället köra en motsvarande applikation i webbläsaren löser dessa problem. Detta arbete utforskar också det experimentella WebUSB API:t och undersöker dess användbarhet i IoT-system. Specifikt utforskar detta arbete två konstruerade scenarier som visar potentialen i denna nya arkitektur för att extrapolera hur den kan användas för andra ändamål. Dessa två konstruerade scenarier implementeras framgångsrikt och olika mått för att analysera deras prestanda och verkliga tillämpbarhet diskuteras. I ett experiment implementeras en QR- skanningsapplikation i webbläsaren och uppnår en genomsnittlig bildfrekvens på över 60 bildrutor per sekund samtidigt som en live videoström av innehållet som fångas av kameran och en laddningsanimation visas på skärmen. Vidare uppnådde applikationen en genomsnittlig tid för tolkning av QR-koder på 0,204 sekunder, från och med det att skanningen inleddes. I ett annat experiment simuleras en programvaruuppdatering genom att överföra krypterad data från webbläsaren via WebUSB API:t till en enkretsdator. På grund av begränsningarna i experimentet kunde implementationen inte visa en överföring högre än 29 KB krypterad data på 10 sekunder. Implementationen visar dock framgångsrikt att webbläsaren kan förbli interaktiv även när de utför dessa överföringsåtgärder, och att det finns bra API: er för utvecklare att enkelt få tillgång till telefonens avancerade sensorer och att WebUSB API:t har goda säkerhetsmekanismer på plats. Dessutom demonstrerar arbetet framgångsrikt hur WebUSB API:t kan användas i IoT-system som ett nytt sätt att överföra data som har stora implikationer för framtiden för IoT-system i allmänhet och på webbläsare och webbapplikationer synnerhet. Avslutningsvis konstaterar arbetet att den moderna webbläsaren fungerar bra som en miljö för IoT-system och att den har god tillgång till den smarta telefonens avancerade sensorer och att WebUSB API:t framgångsrikt kan användas för dataöverföring i IoT-system.

Perceptual features are qualitative features used to describe music properties in relation to human perception instead of typical musical theory concepts such as pitches and chords. This report describes a music discovery platform which uses three different methods of music playlist generation to investigate if and how perceptual features work when used for music discovery. One method abstracts away the complexity of perceptual features and the other two lets users use them directly. Two user testing sessions were performed to evaluate the browser and compare the different methods. Test participants found the playlist generation to work well in general, and especially found the method which uses emotions as an interface to be intuitive, enjoyable and something they would use to find new music. The other two methods which let users directly interact with perceptual features were less popular, especially among users without musical education. Overall, using perceptual features for music discovery was successful, although methods should be chosen with the intended audience in mind. / Perceptuella särdrag är kvalitativt framtagna särdrag som beskriver musik med fokus på mänsklig perception snarare än musikteoribegrepp som tonhöjd och ackord. Den här rapporten beskriver en musikhemsida som använder tre olika metoder för att generera spellistor med avsikt att undersöka om och hur perceptuella särdrag fungerar för att hitta ny musik. En metod abstraherar bort perceptuella särdragens komplexitet och de andra två metoderna låter testare använda dem utan abstraktion. Två användbarhetstest utfördes för att utvärdera musikhemsidan och jämföra de olika metoderna. Testanvändare tyckte överlag att genereringen av spellistor fungerade bra och att speciellt metoden som använde känslor som gränssnitt var intuitiv, rolig att använda och en metod de skulle använda för att hitta ny musik. De andra två metoderna som tillät användare att direkt använda perceptuella särdrag var mindre populära, speciellt bland användare utan musikutbildning. Överlag var användandet av perceptuella särdrag för att hitta musik en framgång, dock bör metoderna väljas utifrån användarnas kunskap.

With the rising use of the Internet by businesses and individuals for their regular activities and transactions, there has been increased attention to user privacy and data security on the web. While the adoption of dark web networks has ensured that users' privacy and anonymity concerns are being addressed, there has also been a consequential increase in illicit activities on the internet. The dark web remains a critical area for law enforcement investigations, providing a platform for criminal activities to thrive unchecked. This study evaluates the digital traces deposited by dark web browsers on the client side of user devices, providing a deep insight into the security features of Tor and I2P and outlining the potential areas where digital artifacts can be retrieved on a Windows 11 computer. By detailing the forensic acquisition process and subsequent artifact analysis, this research aims to enhance the capabilities of digital forensic examiners in tracking and prosecuting cybercriminals, thereby contributing to the broader field of digital forensics and cybersecurity.