In the late twentieth century, global economic forces changed the face of many North American cities. Cities which were built upon industry, that had provided both job certainty and economic vitality, faced questions of survival in response to shrinking population and urban blight. Unprepared for these drastic changes and unable to address them survival gave way to resignation. Buffalo, New York is an example of a once successful and vital city that continues to experience de-population due to the collapse of its industries. The collapse not only created economic repercussions but also effected the city’s built environment. Many of the Buffalo’s urban monuments, testaments to the ambition of the city, now sit empty; as do the working class neighbourhoods that surround them. The Thesis examines the role which architecture can play in understanding, strategizing and re-envisioning the life of deteriorating cities. Focusing on the City of Buffalo, the design centers on the New York Central Terminal. It proposes a radical repurposing of the Terminal to create a new urban hub which will spur the re-building of the city’s urban fabric. The design outlines a staged 25 year strategy for the de-construction of sparse areas and the strengthening of critical urban networks, thus creating a strong framework upon which a new physical fabric for the city can build and develop overtime. The Terminal, once a significant rail hub is re-envisioned as a revitalized hub for the new city. A key connective point within this urban framework, it encapsulates a variety of program moved from the surrounding neighbourhood to the site. The Terminal will act as an architectural catalyst for change, working within the larger urban strategy to spur a natural re-growth and densification of the city. The thesis presents the radical re-thinking of the architect’s role in the twenty-first century. As current economies and industries face change the urban climate is adapting from one of constant growth to one of strategic re-use. Skeletons of once successful cities lay across the North American landscape. Their urban artifacts: the grain mill, steel manufacturing plant and rail yards, which once supported whole cities as both providers of employment and definers of cultural identity, now stand as empty reminders of a prosperous past. The Thesis shows how these buildings , like the New York Central Terminal can be given a renewed cultural significance and powerful roles within the revived urban life of their cities.

In the late twentieth century, global economic forces changed the face of many North American cities. Cities which were built upon industry, that had provided both job certainty and economic vitality, faced questions of survival in response to shrinking population and urban blight. Unprepared for these drastic changes and unable to address them survival gave way to resignation. Buffalo, New York is an example of a once successful and vital city that continues to experience de-population due to the collapse of its industries. The collapse not only created economic repercussions but also effected the city’s built environment. Many of the Buffalo’s urban monuments, testaments to the ambition of the city, now sit empty; as do the working class neighbourhoods that surround them. The Thesis examines the role which architecture can play in understanding, strategizing and re-envisioning the life of deteriorating cities. Focusing on the City of Buffalo, the design centers on the New York Central Terminal. It proposes a radical repurposing of the Terminal to create a new urban hub which will spur the re-building of the city’s urban fabric. The design outlines a staged 25 year strategy for the de-construction of sparse areas and the strengthening of critical urban networks, thus creating a strong framework upon which a new physical fabric for the city can build and develop overtime. The Terminal, once a significant rail hub is re-envisioned as a revitalized hub for the new city. A key connective point within this urban framework, it encapsulates a variety of program moved from the surrounding neighbourhood to the site. The Terminal will act as an architectural catalyst for change, working within the larger urban strategy to spur a natural re-growth and densification of the city. The thesis presents the radical re-thinking of the architect’s role in the twenty-first century. As current economies and industries face change the urban climate is adapting from one of constant growth to one of strategic re-use. Skeletons of once successful cities lay across the North American landscape. Their urban artifacts: the grain mill, steel manufacturing plant and rail yards, which once supported whole cities as both providers of employment and definers of cultural identity, now stand as empty reminders of a prosperous past. The Thesis shows how these buildings , like the New York Central Terminal can be given a renewed cultural significance and powerful roles within the revived urban life of their cities.

This project focused on the relationship between instream flows and smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus) recruitment in the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas. The flow regime is the dominant factor in lotic systems and, consequently, the relationship between instream flows, including impacts to natural flow regimes, and life-history is a subject of growing interest. Smallmouth buffalo is a good model to investigate the relationship between river flows and variable interannual recruitment success of periodic life-history strategist fish species. Smallmouth buffalo were collected from the Brazos, Colorado, and Guadalupe Rivers of Texas, U.S.A., and otoliths were extracted from individuals in the field and sectioned and photographed in the lab. Photographs of sectioned otoliths were used to estimate age and thus the year in which the individual was spawned by counting back from the time of capture. Population age structure (i.e. a ‘state' or condition at a point in time) was used to infer effects of flow variation on a rates-based process (i.e. recruitment). After controlling for mortality using recruitment index values, interannual variation in recruitment was modeled using multiple components of the flow regime quantified as indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) variables based on daily discharge data from USGS gaging stations in each river system. Model selection followed a two-tier approach, first fitting models using only flow attributes associated with the spawning season then adding additional informative parameters from the pre-spawn and post-spawn periods. The primary finding from model selection was that duration of high flow pulses during the spawning season is a critical component of the flow regime associated with successful Smallmouth Buffalo recruitment. These findings have implications for river management and conservation of ecological integrity, in particular populations of periodic life-history strategist species.

The aim of this work was to obtain buffalo whey from a standard cheese curd production, with the evaluation of their efficiency in relation to the cow milk. The buffalo whey was characterized by nutritional information and microbial aspects. It was compare the efficiency of the microfiltration process of whey with the traditional pasteurization process. To carry out the microfiltration process of buffalo whey, it was used a tubular ceramic alumina membrane (0.8μm of pore size), made in laboratory in Materials Engineering Department, at Federal University of Campina Grande. It was done seven tests and the samples of whey were analyzed after production (SA), after microfiltration process (SF) and after pasteurization process (SP). It was studied the followed physical-chemistry: pH, density, acidity, humidity, total dry extract, fat, lactose and protein content, according to recommended methodology from Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 2005, and the microbiological parameter: aerobic mesophilic bacteria measurement was done by Petri film plates, according to AOAC, 2000. The results showed that the performance of the cheese curd from buffalo milk was 27.51% and the one from cow milk was 13.06%. The characterization of the whey showed the followed results: 89.94% of humidity, 10.06% of total dry extract, 6.29 of pH, 1.029 of density, 10.07oD of acidity, 1.37% of fat, 1.19% of protein and 5.84% of lactose. After microfiltration and pasteurization process the samples of whey showed a reduction of bacterial count to 4.04 log UFC/mL to SA, 1.5 log UFC/mL to SP and 0.70 log UFC/mL to SF. In relation to the physical-chemistry parameters, it was showed great loss of nutritional content of the whey sample after microfiltration process when compared with the pasteurization process. So, despite the microfiltration by ceramic membrane is more efficiency then the pasteurization process to remove the microbial content, there is a need to improve the process to avoid fouling on the membrane surface that is responsible by the nutrients reduction. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi, a partir da padronização da produção de queijo coalho de búfala em laboratório, avaliar seu rendimento em relação ao leite de vaca, obter o soro de leite e caracterizá-lo quanto ao seu valor nutricional e de carga microbiana, antes e após o tratamento por microfiltração ou pasteurização. Para realizar o processo de microfiltração do soro de leite de búfala, utilizou-se uma membrana cerâmica tubular de alumina (0,8 μm de porosidade), confeccionada em laboratório do departamento de materiais (DEMA) da UFCG. Foram realizados sete ensaios e analisadas físico-químicas e microbiologicamente amostras de soro in natura (SA), do soro filtrado (SF) e do soro pasteurizado (SP). Os parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados foram: pH, densidade, acidez, umidade, extrato seco total, teor de gordura, lactose e proteínas totais segundo metodologia recomendada pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2005). Também foram realizadas contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas utilizando placas Petrifilm, de acordo com metodologia da AOAC (2000). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o rendimento médio de produção de queijo coalho a partir de leite búfala foi de 27,51%, enquanto com a utilização de leite de vaca pasteurizado, este rendimento foi de 13,06%. Quanto à caracterização do soro de leite de búfala os valores médios apresentaram umidade (89,94%), extrato seco total (10,06%), pH (6,29), densidade (1,029), acidez (10,070D), gordura (1,37%), proteínas (1,19%) e lactose (5,84%). Após a aplicação dos processos de microfiltração e pasteurização, observou-se uma redução da carga microbiana de 4,04 log UFC/mL do SA para 1,50 log UFC/mL no SP e para 0,70 log UFC/mL no SF. Quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados foi constatado maiores perdas nutricionais nas amostras de SF quando comparado com o SP. Portanto, apesar do processo de microfiltração por membrana cerâmica ter sido mais eficiente que o processo de pasteurização em relação à redução de carga microbiana, ainda há necessidade de aperfeiçoamento, visando minimizar o processo de incrustação da mesma, o qual provocou retenção de nutrientes.

Orientador: Wilma Aparecida Starcke Buzetti / Resumo: Tripanosomatídeos são protozoários parasitas flagelados que em ruminantes no Brasil incluem os pertencentes à família Trypanosomatidae, com os gêneros Trypanosoma e Leishmania. Com relação aos búfalos domésticos (Bubalus bubalis), pouco ou nada se conhece sobre estes parasitas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar por meio de métodos parasitológicos (exame direto do parasita no microscópio), sorológicos (RIFI – reação de imunofluorescência indireta) e moleculares (PCR – reação em cadeia pela polimerase e sequenciamento) a presença de tripanosomatídeos em búfalos. Amostras de sangue e suabe conjuntival foram coletadas de 100 búfalos da Fazenda São Francisco, Andradina, SP e de 10 búfalos de Selvíria, MS. Dos 110 búfalos, 60,9% (67/110) apresentaram hemoflagelares tripanossomatídeos nos esfregaços sanguíneos e 90% (99/110) deles apresentaram anticorpos anti-Leishmania pela RIFI. O DNA destes parasitas foi detectado em 29,09% (32/110) dos búfalos pela técnica de PCR, sendo, 26,36% (29/110) na PCR do sangue e 3,6% (4/110) na PCR do suabe conjuntival. Das amostras positivas para PCR, sete foram enviadas para o sequenciamento gênico, e uma delas foi identificada como Leishmania infantum e três como Trypanosoma theileri, ambas as amostras apresentaram 100% de similaridade com as respectivas espécies após comparação pelo GenBank. Este estudo relata o primeiro registro de infecção por L. infantum em B. bubalis na região de Andradina, SP, e a presença de búfalos infectados por espéci... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Trypanosomatides are flagellate protozoan parasites that in ruminants include those belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae, with the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania, but with little or nothing information about these parasite infections in domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Tthis study was assessed through the parasitological (direct examination of the parasite under microscope), serological (IFAT – immunofluorescence antibody test), and molecular tests (PCR from blood and conjunctival swab and genic sequencing) to detect possible trypanosomatides in buffalo herds from Andradina, SP and Selvíria, MS. Thus, 60.9% (67/110) buffaloes presented trypanosomatid parasites in the blood smears, 90% (99/110) had anti-Leishmania antibodies by IFAT. The DNA of these parasites was detected in 29.09% (32/110) of buffaloes by the PCR technique; 26.36% (29/110) in blood and 3.6% (4/110) in conjunctival swab. Positive PCR samples from seven animals were sent for DNA sequencing, and one of them was identified as Leishmania infantum and three as Trypanosoma theileri, both samples showed 100% of similarity with the respective species after comparison by BenBank. This study reports for the first time the presence of parasite L. infantum in B. bubalis from Andradina, SP, and highlights the presence of buffaloes infected with T. theileri, and indicates the need for more studies on trypanosomatid parasites in buffaloes. / Mestre

CHINELATE, Gerla Castello Branco. Gelado comestível à base de leite de búfala com ingredientes funcionais: aplicação de linhaça (Linum usitatissunum L.) e quitosana. 2008. 117 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2008 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-06T15:51:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_gcbchinelate.pdf: 927557 bytes, checksum: 66282687ffd7515d80af96acd6a7fc4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-06T15:52:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_gcbchinelate.pdf: 927557 bytes, checksum: 66282687ffd7515d80af96acd6a7fc4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T15:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_gcbchinelate.pdf: 927557 bytes, checksum: 66282687ffd7515d80af96acd6a7fc4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / In the last decades, there is a growing in the interest research and consume foods products with functional properties. The flaxseed (Linum usitatissimun L.) has been considerate a functional ingredient of great importance is due its functional combinations such a linolênico acid, lignans and fibers that are potentially beneficial to our health. Several research evidence the positive effects of adding flaxseed to the food to the combat and prevention of many diseases, for example, cancer, constipation, menopause, disease cardiovascular, among others. The chitosan, considered a soluble fiber of the animal origin, have been researched by its hypocholesterolemic action and as a co adjuvant in the reduction of weight. The processed foods with long shelf life, with nutritional and sensorial quality guaranteed, present consumption potential. The ice cream, a dairy product obtained by the freezing of a pasteurized mix of ingredients, has a large share of the market desserts. Thus, this work had purpose, develop the prescriptions of ice cream of buffalo milk, skimmed, supplemented with flaxseed (5%, 10% and 15%) and chitosan in order to get the acquisition of products with an alternative source of fibers, evaluate the effects in the quality physic-chemical, chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics. The addition of flaxseed flour and chitosan provoked significant increases on protein mineral salts and fibers contents of ice cream, transforming them in a product with high content of alimentary fibers. Among the samples of ice cream added to formulations of flour flaxseed, the SQL-10 (2% of chitosan and 10% of flaxseed) was the most accepted attributes for flavor, texture, sweetness, flavor and residual global acceptance. For the test-ordering of preference, the formulation SQL-0 (2% of chitosan and 0% of flaxseed) was the most preferred while the formulation SQL-10 (2% of chitosan and 10% of flaxseed) was second place in the test. The ice cream with chitosan and flaxseed flour processed are within the concepts of functional food, because have in their formulations functional ingredients that provide benefits to health in order to promote improvement in quality of life. / Os benefícios do consumo de produtos alimentícios com propriedades funcionais vêm aumentando e desenvolvendo interesse nas últimas décadas em muitos pesquisadores e consumidores. A linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) tem sido considerada um ingrediente funcional de grande importância por conter combinações funcionais como o ácido linolênico (ALA), lignanas e fibras que estão relacionados ao seu potencial benéfico à saúde. Vários estudos evidenciam os benefícios da alimentação suplementada com linhaça na prevenção e tratamento de diversas enfermidades como: doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, artrite, sintomas indesejáveis da menopausa, constipação, entre outras. A quitosana, considerada uma fibra solúvel de origem animal, vem sendo pesquisada por sua ação hipocolesterolêmica e como coadjuvante na redução de peso. Alimentos processados com vida de prateleira longa, assegurada qualidade nutricional e sensorial, apresentam crescente potencial de consumo. O sorvete, sendo um produto lácteo obtido pelo congelamento de uma mistura pasteurizada de ingredientes, apresenta uma grande fatia no mercado de sobremesas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver formulações de sorvetes de leite de búfala desnatado suplementadas com linhaça (0%, 5%, 10% e 15%) e quitosana (2%), visando a obtenção de produtos como uma fonte alternativa de fibras, avaliar os efeitos destes ingredientes funcionais às características físico-químicas, químicas, nutricionais, microbiológicas e sensoriais. A adição de quitosana e linhaça promoveram incremento significativo nos teores de proteínas, sais minerais e fibra alimentar, tornando dos gelados comestíveis estudados, produtos com alto teor de fibra alimentar. Dentre as amostras de sorvetes das formulações adicionadas de farinha de linhaça, a SQL-10 (10% de linhaça) foi a mais aceita em relação aos atributos sabor, textura, doçura, sabor residual e aceitação global. Para o teste de ordenação–preferência, a formulação SQL-0 (2% de quitosana e 0% de linhaça) foi a mais preferida enquanto que a formulação SQL-10 (2% de quitosana e 10% de linhaça) ficou em segundo lugar no teste. Os sorvetes processados com quitosana e farinha de linhaça se enquadram nos conceitos de alimento funcional, devido a possuírem nas suas formulações ingredientes funcionais que proporcionam benefícios à saúde com o intuito de promover melhoria na qualidade de vida.

Breeding of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) began to expand throughout the world from the centre of the buffalo domestication - India in the last years, especially because of their hard working, flexibility and resistance to disease. Buffaloes are currently more kept in farm condition especially for the production of milk and meat. Because of buffaloes are often kept in condition developed for cattle, reproductive efficient is reduced and displaying of social and maternal behaviour is often unnatural. The aim of study is focused on ethology of water buffaloes kept in semi- natural conditions in zoological garden Dvorec. The findings can contribute to the creation of better conditions for these animals, which are kept on farms and thereby improve their overall performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 stafuzza_nb_me_sjrp.pdf: 331396 bytes, checksum: 62bedf496f7c8ad27e32a8ea0d781c57 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Nesse trabalho apresentamos o primeiro mapa comparativo do cromossomo 6 do búfalo de rio (BBU6), desenvolvido a partir da utilização de um painel de células somáticas híbridas irradiadas búfalo-roedor com fragmentação de 5000 rads. O mapa preliminar construído é composto por 33 marcadores, os quais estão ordenados em dois grupos de ligação compostos por 12 microssatélites, 19 genes codificantes e duas ESTs. A freqüência de retenção observada entre os marcadores variou de 14.4% a 40%. A ordem dos marcadores dentro dos grupos de ligação do BBU6, em sua maioria, é consistente com o mapa RH bovino. Esse mapa preliminar do BBU6 é um ponto de partida para comparar a ordem dos genes entre as espécies, fornecendo uma oportunidade para estudar micro-arranjos nesse cromossomo, além de possibilitar a clonagem posicional em búfalo de rio. / We present the first radiation hybrid map of BBU6 developed from a recently constructed river buffalo whole-genome radiation hybrid panel (BBURH5000). The preliminary map contains 33 cattle-derived markers, including 12 microsatellites, 19 coding genes and two ESTs, distributed in two linkage groups. The retention frequency of individual markers ranged from 14.4% to 40.0%. Most of the marker order within the linkage groups is consistent with the cattle RH maps. This preliminary BBU6 RH map is the starting point for comparing gene order between both species, presenting opportunity for examination of micro-rearrangements of these chromosomes and, thereby enhancing the possibility of positional candidate cloning in river buffalo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fornitano_lc_me_sjrp.pdf: 1355762 bytes, checksum: 8d684160e1b0f3eb1f0e1d5b46e64744 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nsf - Nacional Science Foundation / No presente trabalho, apresentamos o primeiro mapa RH do cromossomo 16 bubalino (BBU16), construído com a utilização do painel celular BBURH5000. Seqüências de primers para PCR de 30 genes derivados do cromossomo 15 bovino (BTA15) foram testados com DNA de búfalo para a construção do mapa RH BBU16. Dos marcadores testados, 11 geraram produtos de PCR específicos com o DNA de búfalo, mostrando-se adequados para o mapeamento utilizando o painel BBURH5000. A partir de análises estatísticas, 9 genes foram incluídos no primeiro mapa RH do cromossomo BBU16 contendo apenas um grupo de ligação. As freqüências de retenção (FR) dos marcadores variaram entre 16,6% (SDHD) e 32,2% (PORIMIN). Comparando-se o mapa RH obtido com a sequência do BTA15, pode-se verificar que não houve discrepâncias quanto a ordem dos 9 genes em ambas espécies, evidenciando a conservação da ordem linear desses marcadores nas mesmas / This paper describes a radiation hybrid (RH) map of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) chromosome 16, generated from a previously described river buffalo whole genome RH panel (BBURH5000). PCR Primer sequences were selected for 30 cattle derived genes mapped on bovine chromosome 15. From the total number of selected markers, 11 generated specific PCR products with buffalo DNA and were suitable for mapping using the BBURH5000 panel. The statistical analysis included 9 genes on the BBU16 RH map, which were distributed in one linkage group. Retention frequencies (RF) ranged from 16,6% for SDHD and 32,2 % for PORIMIN. The marker order on the linkage group is entirely consistent with the current BTA15 sequence assembly (Btau_4.0), indicating a conservation in the order of the genes on both species

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:29:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pelai_va_me_sjrp.pdf: 1678959 bytes, checksum: 207276333fc39f233dabe43abc0a259f (MD5) / Nsf - Nacional Science Foundation / Secretaria de Educação / O búfalo de rio (Bubalus bubalis) é uma espécie de interesse econômico pertencente à família Bovidae, utilizado para a produção de carne e leite, além de força de trabalho no campo. Recentemente, a construção de um painel de linhagens celulares contendo fragmentos do genoma do búfalo de rio, incorporado ao genoma de hamster (BBURH5000), está permitindo o mapeamento de todos os cromossomos bubalinos, representando a única ferramenta genômica desta categoria para o estudo da espécie. A utilização deste painel de células associado a análises estatísticas está gerando mapas genômicos de alta resolução contendo diferentes tipos de marcadores moleculares. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo utilizar este painel de células para a construção de um mapa genômico preliminar do braço curto do cromossomo 4 bubalino. Para tal, foram testados com o DNA bubalino, seqüências de oligonucleotídeos para PCR de 39 marcadores moleculares previamente mapeados no cromossomo 28 bovino, o qual foi descrito na literatura como o homólogo ao braço curto do cromossomo 4 de búfalo. Do total de marcadores testados, 14 (8 genes e 6 microssatélites) geraram produtos de PCR adequados ao mapeamento utilizando o painel BBURH5000. A freqüência de retenção de cada marcador no painel variou de 34,4%, para os marcadores, ANXA8, PPYR1 e ZNF33A a 43,3% para o marcador BMC6020. Utilizando os 14 marcadores, acrescidos de outros 10 marcadores (1 EST, 5 STS e 4 microssatélites) genotipados por pesquisadores da Texas A&M University, um mapa genômico RH preliminar foi construído para o braço curto do cromossomo 4 bubalino. A comparação desse mapa com mapas do cromossomo 28 bovino (BTA28) evidenciou extensa conservação na ordem dos marcadores no mapa obtido. / The river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), a member of the Bovidae family, is an economically important livestock specie useful to produce milk, meat, as well as source of labor. Recently, a whole-genome 5000-rad radiation hybrid panel was constructed for the river buffalo genome (BBURH5000 panel), which has been used to generated RH maps of several chromosomes from the specie. The goal of this study was to construct a preliminary RH map of the river buffalo chromosome 4 (BBU4p), using the BBURH5000 panel. Previous studies identified bovine chromosome 28 (BTA28) as homologous to BBU4p. Cattle derived PCR primers from 39 markers previously mapped in cattle, were tested with buffalo DNA. A total of 14 (8 genes and 6 microsatellites) of the 39 markers amplified PCR products suitable for the RH mapping. Retention frequencies of individual markers ranged from 34.4% for ANXA8, PPYR1 and ZNF33A to 43.3% for BMC6020. The preliminary RH map for BBU4p was constructed with a total of 24 markers, 14 from this study combined with 10 markers (1 EST, 5 STS and 4 microsatellites) genotyped by researchers at Texas A&M University. Comparisons of the BBU4p RH map with BTA28 revealed extensive conservation in the order of the mapped markers. Keywords: Bubalus bubalis; genome; river buffalo; RH mapping