La presente tesis tiene como finalidad realizar una investigación y análisis acerca del proyecto empresarial “Baby´s Memories” y evaluar aspectos como el entorno, mercado meta, todo el sistema operativo y financiero de la empresa. Asimismo, destacamos la importancia de elaborar este plan de negocios para tener una alta probabilidad de éxito en la empresa y que nos permita incorporar la innovación en todos los procesos diseñados. Todos los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo de investigación que encontraremos en los estados financieros nos permitirán que los inversionistas y accionistas puedan tomar las mejores y acertadas decisiones financieras. En el primer capítulo, se observa el análisis integral del negocio en todas sus dimensiones y nos permite conocer las fortalezas y debilidades principales para la elaboración y diseño de las estrategias que se aplicarán. Luego analizamos el mercado objetivo al cual está orientado nuestro producto identificando las diferentes características que presenta con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades y generar valor en ellos. Por otro lado, elaboramos un plan de marketing que establecen las formas y acciones que tomaremos para lograr los objetivos estratégicos planteados y de que manera la personalización de nuestro producto puede generar el valor agregado que nos caracteriza. En cuarto lugar, se encuentra la parte financiera que nos permite analizar los estados financieros proyectados con el fin de conocer los indicadores más relevantes como el VAN, TIR, WACC, COK entre otros. Finalmente encontramos las conclusiones del proyecto que responden a cada objetivo planteado por la empresa. / The purpose of this thesis is to conduct research and analysis about the business project "Baby's Memories" and evaluate aspects such as the environment, target market, the entire operating and financial system of the company. We also highlight the importance of preparing this business plan to have a high probability of success in the company and that allows us to incorporate innovation in all the processes designed. All the results obtained in the present research work that we will find in the financial statements will allow us to allow investors and shareholders to make the best and most accurate financial decisions. In the first chapter, the integral analysis of the business in all its dimensions is observed and it allows us to know the main strengths and weaknesses for the elaboration and design of the strategies that will be applied. Then we analyze the target market to which our product is oriented, identifying the different characteristics it presents in order to satisfy the needs and generate value in them. On the other hand, we elaborate a marketing plan that establishes the forms and actions that we will take to achieve the stated strategic objectives and in which way the personalization of our product can generate the added value that characterizes us. Fourth, there is the financial part that allows us to analyze the projected financial statements in order to know the most relevant indicators such as the VAN, TIR, WACC, COK among others. Finally we find the conclusions of the project that respond to each objective set by the company. / Trabajo de investigación

Debido a la coyuntura que vivimos actualmente, no debería sorprendernos los altos niveles de estrés que venimos acumulando debido a la pandemia, aislamiento, incertidumbre, pérdida de trabajo entre otros. Toda esta situación llevó a que el comportamiento del consumidor cambiara. Recordemos que normalmente el consumidor frecuentaba los autoservicios para realizar sus compras. Sin embargo, hemos podido evidenciar el cambio del comportamiento de compra de los peruanos, hoy en día este está orientado a las compras online y bajo las diferentes plataformas existentes. Así como, este cambio en el comportamiento de compra, también se dieron cambios en el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, antes de la pandemia recordemos que una de las bebidas preferidas o de más consumo por los peruanos era la cerveza, no obstante, esto cambió durante este tiempo, la cerveza ya no es una de las bebidas alcohólicas más consumidas entre nosotros y es desplazada por el consumo de whisky, vino y pisco. Ante estos cambios, hemos creado La Pisquería, un negocio donde el consumidor podrá adquirir los mejores piscos artesanales de las regiones pisqueras avalada por expertos y reconocidos catadores, quienes validarán la calidad, aroma y sabor del producto. Todo ello sin la necesidad de salir de sus hogares y verse expuestos a contraer el COVID-19, ya que, podrán adquirir nuestro producto y experimentar una nueva experiencia de compra, a través de nuestras plataformas digitales. / Due to the situation we live in today, we should not be surprised by the high levels of stress that we have accumulated due to the pandemic, isolation, uncertainty, loss of work among others. This whole situation led to consumer behavior changing. Let's remember that the consumer normally frequented the self-service to make their purchases. However, we have been able to show the change in the buying behavior of Peruvians, today this is oriented to online purchases and under the different platforms existing. Just as, this change in the buying behavior, there were also changes in the consumption of alcoholic beverages, before the pandemic we remember that one of the drinks preferred or most consumed by Peruvians was beer, however, this changed during this time, beer is no longer one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages among us and is displaced by the consumption of whisky , wine and pisco. In the face of these changes, we have created La Pisquería, a business where the consumer can acquire the best artisanal piscos of the pisquera regions endorsed by experts and renowned tasters, who will validate the quality, aroma and taste of the product. All this without the need to leave their homes and be exposed to contracting COVID-19, since, they will be able to acquire our product and experience a new shopping experience, through our digital platforms. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo es un artículo de investigación que busca explorar sobre cuál es la relación que existe entre la innovación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes). Los objetivos del trabajo empiezan por describir los inconvenientes —ya sean obstáculos, barreras, limitaciones o desafíos— que enfrentan las pymes para desarrollar la innovación. Luego, conocer de qué manera puede la innovación generar ventajas competitivas para la sobrevivencia de dichas empresas; así como examinar la influencia que tiene el liderazgo en el desarrollo de la innovación en las pymes; y, finalmente, analizar la innovación abierta como tendencia en su aplicación en las pymes. El método de investigación fue del tipo cualitativo explicativo, el cual fue utilizado para la búsqueda, selección y análisis de 30 artículos de investigación estrechamente relacionados con los conceptos y propósitos planteados. Los resultados del estudio indican que la generación de innovación en las pymes tiene un impacto positivo sobre este tipo de empresa, y que el mayor desarrollo de la innovación en las pymes permitirá enfrentar de mejor manera un entorno y un mercado cada vez más cambiante, competitivo y exigente. Lo anterior teniendo en cuenta los planteamientos de la mayoría de los autores consultados. La innovación es un tema de alta relevancia para todo tipo de empresas, sean de manufactura o de servicio, con independencia de su tamaño. En una realidad como la de nuestro país, medir su impacto en las pequeñas y medianas empresas resulta de especial interés económico y social si se tiene en cuenta que el 99.5 % de las empresas en el Perú corresponden a esta clasificación (Ministerio de la Producción, 2017). De ahí el interés por desarrollar el tema, especialmente enfocado en este tipo de empresas. / This research paper seeks to explore the relationship between innovation and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). First and foremost, the objectives in this paper describe the constraints, barriers, limitations or challenges that SMEs face to underpin innovation; second, it shows how innovation can generate competitive advantages for the survival of these enterprises; how leadership influences the effect of innovation and development on SMEs, and finally, it focuses on the analysis of open innovation and its application in SMEs. The research, selection and analysis of 30 research articles was conducted with an explanatory and qualitative method, closely related to the concepts and objectives. Results corroborate the point of view of authors, innovation practices in SMEs have a positive impact on this type of enterprise, and a further development of innovation in SMEs will allow us to better face the ever-changing, competitive and demanding environment and markets. Innovation is a highly relevant issue for larger or smaller manufacturing or service companies. To portray our country’ reality, it is especially interesting from the economic and social point of view, to measure its impact on small and medium-sized businesses, in view of the fact that 99.5% of companies in Peru correspond to this classification, hence the interest in developing common ground in this type of business. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

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Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-17T18:00:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintia Frigo Petuco.pdf: 1959266 bytes, checksum: c47c4257d0b2c1a65a407e9559530c05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T18:00:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintia Frigo Petuco.pdf: 1959266 bytes, checksum: c47c4257d0b2c1a65a407e9559530c05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / Nenhuma / A inovação na empresa constantemente assume um dos papéis principais na sua busca por vantagem competitiva, diferenciação e melhores resultados. Por outro lado, a tecnologia da informação (TI) é vista como uma das principais áreas estratégicas da empresa e capaz de apoiar esse processo. Analisar que capacidades da TI contribuem para a inovação na empresa, foi a questão direcionadora desta dissertação. Os objetivos específicos traçados tiveram a finalidade de responder a esse questionamento, detalhando que capacidades da TI estão envolvidas nesse processo, entendendo como a contribuição das mesmas ocorre em relação à inovação na empresa, identificando ainda capacidades da TI inibidoras e capacidades da TI desejáveis, mas incipientes ou ausentes atualmente na empresa. Para isso, o estudo contou previamente com uma revisão da literatura, a fim de esclarecer conceitos e características sobre inovação e empresas inovadoras, bem como recursos e capacidades, enfocando especificamente as capacidades da TI. A partir dessa revisão, um modelo teórico de pesquisa foi elaborado, tornando-se a base para a realização posterior da pesquisa empírica, a qual seguiu uma metodologia qualitativa com estudo de casos múltiplos, sendo analisadas três empresas inovadoras do Sul. Os resultados confirmam parte da base teórica inicial, revelando capacidades adicionais. O estudo demonstra que capacidades de infraestrutura da TI de prover hardwares e plataformas, softwares, rede e telecomunicação, mobilidade e indicadores estratégicos, além das relativas aos seus recursos humanos da TI de entendimento e envolvimento com as áreas de negócios bem como de contribuição com novas ideias, são fatores que colaboram significativamente para a inovação na empresa. Além dessas, a capacidade da TI de viabilizar intangíveis como a gestão da informação e do conhecimento, bem como a de realizar a governança da TI através do planejamento e do controle da TI, cooperam com as capacidades citadas anteriormente, a fim de alcançar o mesmo objetivo. Ainda, capacidades da TI inibidoras da inovação na empresa foram destacadas, como entre outras, os bloqueios de Internet, a fila na TI para atendimento às necessidades da empresa e a falta de apoio e de disponibilização das soluções. Os resultados e as conclusões apresentadas discutem e resumem as situações encontradas nas empresas estudadas, contribuindo significativamente tanto para a área acadêmica quanto para a área de gestão de empresas. Em relação à academia, algumas capacidades da TI contidas no modelo teórico de pesquisa original foram confirmadas, bem como novas capacidades foram encontradas e outras foram indicadas como inibidoras da inovação, ampliando estudos anteriores e tendo potencialidade de servir como base para novos estudos. Ainda, possibilita que os gestores utilizem os resultados apresentados como direcionadores de suas decisões sobre quais capacidades precisam ser continuadas, desenvolvidas, melhoradas ou até mesmo eliminadas na empresa, a fim de contribuirem para sua inovação. / Innovation within a company plays a main role to obtain competitive advantages, differentiation and better results. In this regard, Information Technology (IT) is seen as one of the main company's strategic area and IT is able to support this process. Analyzing the contribution of IT capabilities to company innovation is thus the key issue in this dissertation. The specific objectives here detailed consider how IT capabilities can contribute to innovation, and also indentifying its inhibitory and desirable capabilities. The Literature review found in this paper clarifies some concepts and characteristics about innovation and innovative companies and also elucidates IT resources and capabilities. This theoretical model search has been appliedin an empirical research on the basis of qualitative methodology and multiple cases study using three innovative companies from Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. The results confirm partially the initial theoretical basis revealing additional capabilities. Seeking factors that could significantly contribute to company innovation, the study shows IT infrastructure capability to provide hardware and platforms, software, networkinfrastructure, mobility and strategic indictors as well as those IT human resources for understanding and involving with business areas and innovative ideas. In this sense, IT enables information and knowledge management and improves governance through planning and controlling. This study also highlights IT’s innovation inhibitor capability in company as, among others, internet blocking, service queue and lack of adequate support and solutions. The results and conclusions here demonstrated discuss and summarize the elements found in the studied companies contributing thereby to academic area and also to business management area. Regarding the Academy some IT capabilities from the original theoretical model search were confirmed and further others localized as innovation inhibitor expanding thus previous studies and contributing to future productions. From the results here shown managers may guide their decisions on continuation, development, improvement and adequation of innovation in company.

中國市場具備龐大內需實力，預期2027年將成為世界第一大經濟體，已成為全球注目及亟欲進入以獲取商機之必爭之地。中國零售業自改革開發迄今30年中，連鎖零售企業門市總數由2003年4.7萬家增加至2006年12.4萬家，批發零售貿易業零售總額，由2002年2,973億人民幣增至2007年7,561億人民幣；零售業者對IT系統需求自2000年僅止於足敷前台收款及後台物管相關連結能正常運作，至2005年起開始重視管理層面的有效性考量，至2009年起更甚而重視系統建置於數據擷取後的分析於績效展現及決策運用；零售企業在IT上的平均投資額由2004年的50餘億人民幣增加至2008年100億人民幣。台灣資訊服務產業軟硬體及系統應用整合開發能力均已臻成熟，在同文同種及地理優勢下，此刻正是揮軍中國市場的絕佳時機。 本研究結果顯示，台灣資訊服務業或可參考Ａ公司以「市場定位目標明確性」及「持續動態發展的經營策略」為基礎的經驗，藉由外部資源引進及內化成果紮根的同步展現，建構符合市場發展階段需求之企業優勢。此外；台灣資訊服務產業若能採以專業分工垂直或水平整合形成策略聯盟夥伴關係，掌握市場需求脈動與即時供給具完備性服務內容，當可合力擊退其他國際企業，大規模實質搶攻大陸商機。 / The enormous potential of China domestic market was expected to become the world's largest economies in 2027, the demand has caught the world's attention and desire to explore the great opportunity. After 30 years of development since economy reformation , China retail industry has grow the total number of retailers from 4.7 million in 2003 to 12.4 million in 2006; the total sales revenue of retail business increased from 297.3 billion RMB in 2002 to 756.1 billion RMB in 2007. Whereas in the mean time, retail IT system has expand its function from POS and back office management in 2000 to the efficiency of business management in 2005, and furthermore, IT requirement expand to data capture and analysis for decision supporting system in 2009; along with the increasing demand of information management, the capital investment in IT has increased from 5 billion RMB in 2004 to 10 billion RMB in 2008. With years of development, Taiwan information service industry now has great opportunity to enter China retail market by leveraging its culture homogeneity and geographical advantages with established core competence in both hardware and system integration. This research explores how company "A" could be a reference for Taiwan information industry. Company "A" build up its core competences thru "market positioning" and "dynamic business strategy", with the integration of external resources and internal talents in different development stages. Pursuant to the reference, if Taiwan information services industry could establish vertical integration or horizontal strategic alliance or partnerships, and keep the same pace with market demands and provide total solutions in timing basis, Taiwan information service industry should be able to compete with international major players of the industry and be part of the rapid growth of China retail business.

This dissertation examines the role of public investments in inducing small firms to develop risky, early-stage technologies. It contributes to expanding our understanding of the consequences of research, innovation, and entrepreneurship policies and programs by investigating in more depth the effect of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program on the innovation effort, ability to attract external capital, and other metrics of post-entry performance of small business start-ups using a new sample and estimation approach. Unlike prior R&D subsidy studies that concentrated almost exclusively on European countries, this dissertation focused on small business start-ups in the United States using a new scientific survey of new firms. It integrated the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) from the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation with the SBIR recipient dataset from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) and used advances in statistical matching to achieve better comparability between the treated and control groups of small business start-ups. The integrated KFS-SBA dataset, which contains both recipient and non-recipient small firms, and statistical matching allowed us to empirically construct the counterfactual outcomes of SBIR recipients. This dissertation balanced the pre-treatment characteristics of SBIR recipients and non-recipients through propensity score matching (PSM). It constructed the comparison sample by identifying non-recipients with nearly identical propensity scores as those of SBIR recipients. Consistent with the propensity score theorem, observations with the same distribution of propensity scores have the same distribution of observable characteristics. PSM made the comparison and treatment samples homogenous except in SBIR program exposure, making the fundamental assumption of ignorability of treatment assignment more plausible. Using the realized outcomes of observationally similar non-recipient start-ups as the counterfactual outcomes of SBIR recipients, we found empirical evidence of the input additionality effect of the SBIR program. Had they not applied for and granted SBIR R&D subsidies, recipient start-ups would have spent only $185,000 in R&D, but with SBIR their R&D effort was significantly increased to $663,000, on average. The treatment effects analyses also found a significant positive effect of SBIR on innovation propensity and employment. However, it appears that public co-financing of commercial R&D has crowded-out privately financed R&D of small business start-ups in the United States. A dollar of SBIR subsidy decreased firm-financed R&D by about $0.16. Contrary to prior SBIR studies, we did not find any significant "halo effect" or "certification effect" of receiving an SBIR award on attracting external capital. However, we discovered a different certification effect of the SBIR program: SBIR grantees are more likely to attract external patents. This finding also confirms that innovation requires a portfolio of internal and external knowledge assets as theorized by David Teece and his colleagues. This dissertation's empirical results may be relevant to the Small Business Administration, SBIR participating agencies, the U.S. Congress, other federal, state and local policymakers, small high-tech start-ups, and scholars in the field of science, technology, and innovation policy.

This dissertation examines the role of public investments in inducing small firms to develop risky, early-stage technologies. It contributes to expanding our understanding of the consequences of research, innovation, and entrepreneurship policies and programs by investigating in more depth the effect of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program on the innovation effort, ability to attract external capital, and other metrics of post-entry performance of small business start-ups using a new sample and estimation approach. This study integrated the Kauffman Firm Survey from the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation with the SBIR recipient dataset from the U.S. Small Business Administration and used advances in the micro-econometrics of program evaluation to empirically construct the counterfactual outcomes of SBIR recipients. We found empirical evidence of the input additionality effect of the SBIR program. The treatment effects analyses also found a significant positive effect of SBIR on innovation propensity and employment. However, it appears that public co-financing of commercial R&D has crowded-out privately financed R&D of small business start-ups in the United States. A dollar of SBIR subsidy decreased firm-financed R&D by about $0.16. Contrary to prior SBIR studies, we did not find any significant “halo effect” or “certification effect” of receiving an SBIR award on attracting external capital. What we discovered is a different certification effect of the SBIR program: SBIR grantees are more likely to attract external patents. This finding confirms that innovation requires a portfolio of internal and external knowledge assets as theorized by David Teece and his colleagues.

En el Perú, una de las fuerzas a nivel empresarial más notoria es el segmento MYPE, creadas en diversos sectores generan importantes beneficios económicos al país. La oferta productiva MYPE del sector textil confecciones ofrece calidades diversas, algunas sobresalientes; permitiendo la competitividad y la diversificación en el mercado local e internacional. Sin embargo, las limitaciones en los aspectos de gestión alimentan debilidades que impiden su crecimiento. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la relación entre los factores de la Competitividad empresarial y el Potencial exportador de las MYPE del sector textil de Lima, durante el período 2015 – 2019, para identificar puntos de mejora e información que colabore en el desarrollo e internacionalización sostenible de las MYPE. Para este análisis se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, no trasversal y de correlación con un enfoque en 4 dimensiones: Capacidad gerencial, Planificación estratégica, Innovación y Potencial exportador. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta de escala de tipo Likert a 34 conductores MYPE del sector textil de Lima. Para el análisis de las respuestas se usó el sistema SPSS, concluyendo que existe una moderada relación entre los factores de la Competitividad empresarial y el Potencial exportador de las MYPE del sector confecciones textiles de Lima, durante el período analizado. / In Peru, one of the most notorious forces at the business level is the MSE’s segment, created in diverse sectors that generate important economic benefits to the country. The productive offer of the MSE’s in the textile and apparel sector includes diverse qualities, some of which are outstanding, allowing for competitiveness and diversification in the local and international markets. However, the limitations related to management feed weaknesses that prevent their growth. The objective of this research is to identify the relationship between the factors of Business competitiveness and the Export potential of MSE’s in the textile sector of Lima, during the period 2015 - 2019, to identify points of improvement and information to assist in the development and sustainable internationalization of the MSE’s. For this analysis, a non-transverse quantitative research and correlation with focus on 4 dimensions was carried out: Management capacity, strategic planning, innovation and export potential. The instrument used was a Likert scale survey of 34 drivers of MSEs in the textile sector in Lima. The SPSS system was used to analyze the responses, concluding that there is a moderate relationship between the factors of Business competitiveness and the Export potential of the MSEs in the textile apparel sector of Lima, during the period analyzed. / Tesis