Há mais de 50 anos se discute a importância da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) para as organizações e ainda não se chegou a um concenso sobre a sua capacidade de gerar benefícios e nem quais são eles especificamente. Porém, cada vez mais estudos apontam para a capacidade da TI gerar valor para as organizações, logo, acredita-se que ainda é necessário ampliar o conhecimento acerca do tema. Também, porque os investimentos nessa área não páram de crescer e ainda há muita divergência com relação ao tipo de medida de desempenho organizacional que se deve utilizar. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é medir a percepção dos executivos de organizações que fazem uso intensivo de informações nas suas atividades diárias a respeito dos benefícios organizacionais proporcionados pela TI. O método escolhido foi a pesquisa survey, realizada a partir de um instrumento previamente proposto e adaptado, contendo 5 variáveis e 27 itens. A pesquisa survey foi realizada em duas etapas: estudo de pré-teste e estudo final, resultando em um novo instrumento de pesquisa. Diferentes técnicas estatísticas foram empregadas para refinar o instrumento, como Análise de Confiabilidade, Análise de Item-Total Corrigido (CITC), Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Como resultado desse refinamento emergiu um modelo teórico de pesquisa final contendo 4 variáveis, sendo as dimensões de benefícios Estratégicos, Informacionais, Transacionais e Transformacionais, dispostas em 15 itens. Foi verificado que a variável Infra-Estrutura não se confirmou e alguns de seus itens migraram para outras dimensões. Também como contribuição para a área de SI, o modelo teórico de pesquisa final se mostrou adequado para avaliar o valor da TI para organizações usuárias intensivas de informação. A principal contribuição da pesquisa para a prática gerencial é o mapeamento da percepção dos executivos a respeito dos benefícios que a TI proporciona às suas organizações e um novo modelo representando o valor da TI. / For the last 50 years, the Information Technology (IT) organizational importance has been discussed, and so far, there is no common agreement about it‟s capacity to generate organizational benefits and neither which are they, specifically. Despite of that, there are more and more studies mentioning the IT business value, so it‟s still necessary to add knowledge to this subject. Besides, the IT investments are growing and divergence about what kind of organizational performance measure to use still exists. The purpose of this research is to measure the perception about IT business value for the organizations with intensive informational use executives. The chosen method is survey research, conducted with an instrument previously proposed and adapted to measure IT business value, containing 5 dimensions divided in 27 items. Survey research was conducted in two moments: pre-test study and final study, generating a new instrument. Diferent quantitative procedures were used to refine the instrument, like Reliability Analysis, Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC) Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. From these refinament emerged a model with 4 organizational benefits factors, being Estratégicos, Informacionais, Transacionais e Transformacionais, disposed in 15 items. The Infrastructure factor was not confirmed in the final model and some of it‟s items migrated to other factors. Also as academic knowledge, the final model is adequated measure de the IT businnes value for organizations with intensive informational use. The main contribution of this research to the business practice is the perception of it‟s executives about the IT organizational benefits to their organizations and a new model representing the IT business value.

Há mais de 50 anos se discute a importância da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) para as organizações e ainda não se chegou a um concenso sobre a sua capacidade de gerar benefícios e nem quais são eles especificamente. Porém, cada vez mais estudos apontam para a capacidade da TI gerar valor para as organizações, logo, acredita-se que ainda é necessário ampliar o conhecimento acerca do tema. Também, porque os investimentos nessa área não páram de crescer e ainda há muita divergência com relação ao tipo de medida de desempenho organizacional que se deve utilizar. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é medir a percepção dos executivos de organizações que fazem uso intensivo de informações nas suas atividades diárias a respeito dos benefícios organizacionais proporcionados pela TI. O método escolhido foi a pesquisa survey, realizada a partir de um instrumento previamente proposto e adaptado, contendo 5 variáveis e 27 itens. A pesquisa survey foi realizada em duas etapas: estudo de pré-teste e estudo final, resultando em um novo instrumento de pesquisa. Diferentes técnicas estatísticas foram empregadas para refinar o instrumento, como Análise de Confiabilidade, Análise de Item-Total Corrigido (CITC), Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Como resultado desse refinamento emergiu um modelo teórico de pesquisa final contendo 4 variáveis, sendo as dimensões de benefícios Estratégicos, Informacionais, Transacionais e Transformacionais, dispostas em 15 itens. Foi verificado que a variável Infra-Estrutura não se confirmou e alguns de seus itens migraram para outras dimensões. Também como contribuição para a área de SI, o modelo teórico de pesquisa final se mostrou adequado para avaliar o valor da TI para organizações usuárias intensivas de informação. A principal contribuição da pesquisa para a prática gerencial é o mapeamento da percepção dos executivos a respeito dos benefícios que a TI proporciona às suas organizações e um novo modelo representando o valor da TI. / For the last 50 years, the Information Technology (IT) organizational importance has been discussed, and so far, there is no common agreement about it‟s capacity to generate organizational benefits and neither which are they, specifically. Despite of that, there are more and more studies mentioning the IT business value, so it‟s still necessary to add knowledge to this subject. Besides, the IT investments are growing and divergence about what kind of organizational performance measure to use still exists. The purpose of this research is to measure the perception about IT business value for the organizations with intensive informational use executives. The chosen method is survey research, conducted with an instrument previously proposed and adapted to measure IT business value, containing 5 dimensions divided in 27 items. Survey research was conducted in two moments: pre-test study and final study, generating a new instrument. Diferent quantitative procedures were used to refine the instrument, like Reliability Analysis, Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC) Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. From these refinament emerged a model with 4 organizational benefits factors, being Estratégicos, Informacionais, Transacionais e Transformacionais, disposed in 15 items. The Infrastructure factor was not confirmed in the final model and some of it‟s items migrated to other factors. Also as academic knowledge, the final model is adequated measure de the IT businnes value for organizations with intensive informational use. The main contribution of this research to the business practice is the perception of it‟s executives about the IT organizational benefits to their organizations and a new model representing the IT business value.

The diploma thesis is focused on determining the value of the company HARTMANN - RICO a.s. as of 1 January 2020. The discounted cash flow method in the entity variant will be used to determine the value. The theoretical part contains a description of all analyzes and methods that are used in the analytical part. The practical part deals with the strategic analysis of the company, then the financial plan of the company, the determination of the cost of capital and the determination of the value of the company by the method of discounted cash flows.

This diploma thesis is focus on business valuation by using income - based valuation methods. The theoretical part comprises the fundamentals of valuation theory. Furthermore the strategic and financial analysis is done. The practical part includes the analysis and forecast of value drivers, financial plan and the valuation itself. The valuation is based on Discounted Cash flow method and Economic Value added method. In conclusion the statement about the value of the company at 31.12.2013 is reported.

Today, with various technology and business standards, organizations face rapid changes in both internal and external environments. To be able to rapidly respond to such changing environments, integration of software systems has entered among the top priorities of many organizations. However, despite extended use of software integration, methods for estimating the business value of implementing such integration are still missing. Besides presenting a conceptual model to define the benefits of systems integration and related causal relationships, this study proposes a method for measuring such benefits in monetary terms. In particular, we  demonstrate how a mathematical programming technique called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) can be used to evaluate the business value of software integration. Our method is illustrated using data from 12 organizations. The results indicate significant productivity gains by integrating software systems, which represent the value of software integration in organizations.

Titel: Framgångsfaktorer vid implementering av artificiell intelligens Författare: Wilhelm Abele och Simon Starfelt Handledare: Jon Engström Nyckelord: Artificiell intelligens (AI), AI-implementering, framgångsfaktorer, hinder, organisation. Bakgrund: Artificiell intelligens (AI) har funnits sedan år 1956 men det är först det senaste årtiondet som AI blivit applicerbart inom organisationer. Forskning tyder på att AI har stor värdepotential och företagsledare menar att AI kommer ha stor påverkan på organisatoriska processer. Samtidigt som värdepotentialen ser lovande ut, visar undersökningar att majoriteten av de företag som investerar i AI upplever minimalt eller inget värde från investeringen. Tidigare forskning menar att svårigheterna ligger i implementeringsprocessen av AI och att organisationer bör ha ett affärsmässigt perspektiv för att uppleva värde. Därmed ska de faktorer som påverkar implementeringsprocessen undersökas. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka framgångsfaktorer vid implementering av AI i en organisation. Vidare är syftet att skapa ett ramverk organisationer kan förhålla sig till under implementeringsprocessen av AI. Genomförande: Studien är en tentativ flerfallstudie med kvalitativ karaktär. Empirin har samlats in genom intervjuer från sex organisationer av olika karaktär, där de antigen utvecklar AI-system själva eller köpt in externt. Detta för att skapa ett brett perspektiv för vilka framgångsfaktorerna är. Slutsats: Studien resulterar i ett ramverk som innefattar de faktorer som anses avgörande för en framgångsrik implementering av AI i en organisation. Ramverket är uppdelat i tre faser: (1) Förberedelsefas, (2) Implementeringsfas och (3) Utvärderingsfas. Framgångsfaktorerna kopplade till en lyckad implementering är: affärsdrivet syfte, involvering av intressenter, datakvalitet- och hantering, kunskapsdelning och organisationsstruktur, samt utvärdering och feedback. / Title: Success factors in the implementation of artificial intelligence Authors: Wilhelm Abele & Simon Starfelt Supervisor: Jon Engström Key Words: Artificial intelligence (AI), AI-implementation, Success factors, Obstacles, Organization. Background: Artificial intelligence is a concept that has existed for a while; however, it is only recently that the technology has caught up with the concept. Recent studies show that many organizations realize AI’s huge value potential, however, the majority of the organizations that have invested in AI generates minimal or no business value at all from the investment. Research shows that organizations face complications during the implementation process of AI and in order to generate value, the purpose of the AI solution should be business-driven, not IT-driven. Therefore, shall the factors impacting the implementation process of AI be studied further. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine what factors determine success when implementing AI solutions in organizations. In addition, an aim of this study is to suggest a framework for implementing AI solutions that organizations can use as a guide. Completion: The study is a tentative, multiple case study characterized by qualitative approach. The empirical data has been collected through interviews with six different companies that either produce and deliver AI solutions, or have bought AI solutions. These companies have been selected through a target-oriented selection process. Conclusion: The study results in the creation of a framework consisting of the factors deemed decisive for a successful implementation of AI in an organization. The framework is divided into three phases: (1) Preparation phase, (2) Implementation phase, and (3) Evaluation phase. The success factors associated with a fruitful AI implementation are: a business-driven purpose, stakeholder involvement, data- quality and handling, knowledge sharing and organizational structure, evaluation and feedback.

While the use of BIM (Building Information Modelling) has been increasing over the last decade and enabled a more integrated collaboration of different disciplines in the construction industry, its implementation in the operation phase of a building is still in its infancy in Sweden. Studies have been conducted to identify barriers and opportunities associated with the use of BIM in building operations and maintenance. There is a lack of research proposing a holistic approach to the evaluation of the value of BIM in operation and maintenance from the perspective of economic, ecological, and social sustainability. Therefore, this paper aims to follow up on the identified research gap by investigating: How sustainable value is created using BIM in operation and maintenance from an owner’s perspective?  A sustainable value framework is applied to the findings of an extensive literature review and compared to the reflections of Swedish industry professionals in semi-structured interviews. Based on the value destroyed or missed for key stakeholders by current O&M practices, the opportunities created with the use of BIM are highlighted. It was found that the most added value is expected from an economic and social perspective, reducing current inefficiencies in the integration of databases and documents, process structures, and knowledge management. More efficient information management and improved data accuracy is expected to enable better services, increase employee motivation, and optimize space management. Major struggles highlighted by the industry representatives are costs and a very fragmented work towards the implementation, often limited to internal efforts or small national initiatives. Based on the findings, further research will be needed to test and validate quantitative metrics in case studies, assess to what extent standards can promote the faster and more predictable implementation of BIM in O&M. In addition, the social value implications of using BIM in O&M should be evaluated more in detail. / Medan användningen av BIM (Byggnadsinformationsmodeller) under projekteringen och produktionen av byggnader har ökat under de senaste årtionde och möjliggjorde ett mer integrerat samarbete mellan olika discipliner inom byggindustrin, är implementeringen i driftsfasen fortfarande ovanligt i Sverige. Studier har genomförts för att identifiera hinder och möjligheter som är förknippade med användningen av BIM inom förvaltningen. Det är brist på forskning som föreslår en helhetssyn på utvärderingen av BIM:s värde i drift och underhåll ur perspektivet av ekonomisk, ekologisk och social hållbarhet. Syftet med detta arbete är att identifiera forskningsluckan genom att undersöka frågan: Hur skapas hållbart värde med hjälp av BIM i drift och underhåll ur en ägarens perspektiv? En modell för hållbart värde appliceras på resultaten som omfattas av litteraturöversikt och som jämförs med reflektionerna från svenskt branschrepresentanter i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Baserat på värdet som förstörs eller saknas för de viktiga intressenterna i nuvarande praxis i förvaltningen, diskuteras möjligheter som skapas med användning av BIM. Mest mervärde förväntas utifrån ett ekonomiskt och socialt perspektiv, vilket minskar den nuvarande ineffektivitet i integrationen av databaser och dokument, process strukturer och kunskapshantering. Mer effektiv informationshantering och förbättrad datasäkerhet förväntas möjliggöra bättre tjänster, öka medarbetarnas motivation och optimera utrymmeshantering. Stora frågetecken som branschrepresentanterna framhäver är kostnader och ett mycket fragmenterat arbete mot implementering, ofta begränsat till interna ansträngningar eller små nationella initiativ. Baserat på resultaten kommer ytterligare undersökningar behövas för att testa och validera kvantitativa mätvärden i fallstudier, för att bedöma i vilken utsträckning standarder kan främja en snabbare och mer förutsägbar implementering av BIM i drift och underhåll. Dessutom bör det sociala värdet av att använda BIM i förvaltning utvärderas mer detaljerat.

無 / Facing today’s highly competitive market and changed business environment, whether the company has the capability to implement successful inter-organizational information systems to achieve efficient supply chain management becomes a significant issue. To fulfill this need, this research aims to develop a framework for measuring the IOS capability. After company interviews, our proposed framework is simplified to measure four IOS capabilities: (1) physical assets, (2) path dependency, (3) relational intangibles (trust and complementary resources), and (4) market power. We propose that firms with these IOS resources can have higher IOS usage, which in turn creates greater IOS performance. / A general survey is then conducted in the Taiwan PC industry to validate our proposed framework. The instrument was tested for validity and reliability properties, and multiple linear regression was used for testing our hypotheses. The results indicate that physical IT assets and relational specific intangibles are positively related with IOS usage. On the other hand, path dependency and market power do not have significant impact on IOS usage. We further explore the relationships between the IOS capabilities and firm performance. The result indicates firms with more IOS usage are more likely to achieve better firm performance. These results can further be examined in a more industry-wide survey in the future. The researchers can also build upon this model to further examine the factors that are discovered.

There have been tremendous economic developments in all parts of the world including developing nations. One of the major drivers of these developments has been from the Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs). These businesses have enabled many nations to create employment, resulting in an increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In as much as SMEs have well documented benefits, they also require many support, capital and business skills. This has led to the establishment of SME incubation centres where start-ups are hosted and trained to have the business skills. However, despite the incubation initiatives, SMEs still fail to grow and always have challenges. At times, the challenges are not finance related but lack of proper business strategies. This could be addressed by considering business models. This dissertation considers the initiatives that have been taking place on SMEs. A case study of SMEs in Namibia within the Khomas region is used. A mixed research approach was adopted. Specific research methods used were interviews and observations with questionnaires being used as the instruments to gather the required information. SMEs from the Bokamoso Entrepreneurial Centre in Windhoek were selected for the research population. One of the popular Business Model Canvas tools was used as a sample of a guide in data collection, where SMEs engaged were to indicate how they apply certain categories of the canvas. Results show that SMEs engaged do not have specific business models they are applying. However, there were many elements and understanding of the categories from the business model canvas. At the same time, SMEs mentioned incorporating technologies in their businesses and using ICTs to reach customers and make an effort to cut on the cost of bringing in stock. It was also clear that SMEs work independently and have long working hours when they are to meet specific orders. It was concluded that SMEs’ needs are different and that it may be difficult to use one business model. However, a mixture of a few business models could be combined to cater for the changing environment and address business needs. The Business Model Canvas could be applied for the Namibian SMEs but there is need to consider some other business models such as cutting out the middleman, business partnership models and bricks and clicks models. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

The phenomenon of business value dissipation in mature organisations as an unintended by-product of the adoption and use of information systems has been a highly debated topic in the corporate boardroom awakening the interest of practitioners and academics alike. Much of the discourse tends to focus on the inability of organisations to unlock and realise the intended benefits to be harvested through large information systems investments. While the business case for investing in large technology programmes has been thoroughly investigated, the human agent that causes value erosion through his interaction with information systems (IS), has not received the studied attention it deserves. This study examines the use of technology in organisations by considering the dichotomy inherent in IS where its introduction for the purposes of creating new or sustaining existing business value subsequently also inadvertently dissipates value. The study proceeds to investigate the root people-induced causes resulting in the unintentional dissipation of value and presents an empirically validated model suggesting that human agents do not only create value for organisations through their use of IS, but at the same time, deliberately or inadvertently, dissipate value. The root people-induced causes resulting in the unintentional dissipation of value is delineated within a Theoretical Technology Value Framework that is constructed from a review of the extant literature, and delineates the overall unintentional value destroying causes and effects of IS on organisations. The Theoretical Technology Value Framework is forthwith applied as a basis for the development of a set of questions to support both qualitative and quantitative investigations from which an Archetypical Technology Value Model was derived. Finally, an Archetypical Technology Value Model is presented as a benchmark and basis to identify, investigate, mitigate and minimise or eliminate the unintentional value destroying effects of IS on Information Technology driven organisations. The study concludes with implications for both theory and practice and suggestions on how value erosion through the activities of the human agent may be identified, modeled and mitigated. Ultimately, recommendations are offered towards the crafting of more effective IS. / School of Computing / Ph. D. (Information Systems)