In today’s society, there are very high expectations on urban planning and it´s possibilities to contribute to a good city and a good life for the citizens. A planner has to have both economical, ecological and social sustainability in mind while developing the city. An important part of the social sustainability is that all residents feel like a part of the society in the city they live in. Social integration between different social groups in the society is an important matter in today’s society. The question is if urban planning has the potential to contribute to the social integration. In this thesis, neighborhood boundaries are investigated in order to identify possibilities and barriers in the built environment for people´s movement in the city. Factors that could have an impact are identified through literature studies. The empirical investigation of the neighborhood boundaries is carried out through observations in field is supplemented by a description and discussion of three methods, multiple centrality assessment and observations, that can be used to estimate the possibilities for a good urban life. The result of the investigation is presented through a comparison of the neighborhood boundaries where factors like streets that connect the neighborhoods and the barrier impact from streets is assessed. According to the literature, streets and green areas can have barrier impact, while public space and bicycle- and footpath can have positive effects on urban life. Finally, the physical structure and the built environment is considered to have an impact on people´s movement´s in the city and urban life. In the discussion, advantages and disadvantages of the three methods and suggestions of how they can be developed are brought up. For example, it can be good to combine calculations of the connectedness of the network with observations of where and how urban life is taking place. Last but not least it´s important to point out that it seems to be agreed on in the literature that the built environment can have an impact on how people move in the city and social processes among citizens, but it is and will continue to be discussed how big the impact is. / Det finns idag höga förväntningar på att stadsplaneringen ska kunna förbättra staden och livet för stadens invånare. En planerare ska ta med både ekonomisk, ekologisk och social hållbarhet när staden ska utvecklas. En viktig del av den sociala hållbarheten är att alla invånare ska känna sig som en del av det samhälle de lever i. Integration mellan olika grupper i samhället är därför ett viktigt och mycket aktuellt tema i dagens samhälle. Frågan är vilka förutsättningar stadsplaneringen har för att kunna bidra till denna integration. I denna uppsats undersöks stadsdelsgränsers karaktär för att identifiera möjligheter och hinder i den byggda miljön för människors rörelser i staden. Genom litteraturstudier identifieras ett antal faktorer som kan påverka detta. Denna empiriska studie av stadsdelsgränser som utförs genom iakttagelser i fält kompletteras med en beskrivning och diskussion om två befintliga metoder, multiple centrality assessment och observationer, för att bedöma en plats möjlighet till ett fungerande stadsliv. Resultatet av den empiriska undersökningen presenteras som en jämförelse av de olika stadsdelarna där faktorer som antal sammanlänkande gator och gator med barriärverkan bedöms. Resultatet av litteraturstudien visar att gator och grönområden anses kunna ha en barriäreffekt, medan offentliga rum och cykel- och gångstråk anses kunna bidra positivt till det sociala livet i staden. Slutligen anses stadens fysiska struktur och den byggda miljöns utformning kan påverka människors rörelser i staden och stadens sociala liv. I diskussionen diskuteras för och nackdelar med de tre metoderna och förslag på hur de kan utvecklas och kompletteras. Det kan exempelvis vara bra att kombinera beräkningar på det fysiska nätverkets sammanlänkning med observationer av hur stadslivet fungerar. Avslutningsvis finns det en samstämmighet i litteraturen om att den byggda miljön påverkar sociala processer i staden, men det diskuteras hur stor denna påverkan är och denna diskussion kommer troligen fortsätta.

BARA BOSTÄDER Placerat mellan Bollmora flerbostadshus och den gamla landsvägen breder Tyresö gymnasium ut sig. Vår ingång blir att riva skolan, materialet ’kremeras’ till tegelkross och sprids i en röd löparbana längs den befintliga landsvägen, att tillåtas glömma för att senare minnas. Gymnasiet förstås som en del av det befintliga landskapet, det ändrar bara form och byter plats. Vad händer när man släcker ett lager i AutoCad? Det närvarar i sin frånvaro. Djup genom lager. Gestaltat i platsmodell- höjdkurvor, vägar och fält, blir det tydligt att de separerade lagrerna inte går att särskilja. Konstruktionen är närvarande i såväl landskap som byggd miljö. Error- går det att separera det byggda från det byggda? Samspel och motsättning- relation och konflikt eller inget av dera alt båda samtidigt. Projektet berör teman som samarbete, representation och (klurar på saken…) Vad blir det tredje? Teman ---> Det platsspecifika, idéen om det konstruerade. Berättelse och historia. / HOUSING TYRESÖ   Between Bollmora social housing complex and the old highroad one find Tyresö gymnasium. Our starting point is to demolish the school, “cremate” its material in to brick-ash and spread it as a red running track along the existing highroad, permission to forget in order to remember. The gymnasium is understood as part of the existing landscape, it only changes form and place.   What happens if you turn off a layer in AutoCad? Presence through absence. Depth through layers. Represented in site model- terrain, roads and fields, it becomes clear that the separated layers cannot be distinguished from one another.  The constructed nature is present, in the landscape as well as the built environment.   Default- is it possible to separate the built from the built?   Interplay and opposition, relation and conflict or neither one, alternative both at once. The project touches upon themes such as collaboration, representation and (thinking about it…) what will the third become?   Themes –> The site-specific, the idea of the natural and the idea of the constructed. History and fiction.

Between 1965 and 1975 a major housing project was carried out in Sweden to resolve a major housing crisis, the so-called one million housing program (Swedish: miljonprogrammet). To raise the standards and create a more attractive housing in these areas is currently a very relevant topic in Sweden.Evidence-based design is the process of basing decisions of the built environment on credible research and studies to achieve the best possible outcome. This method is primarily used in the healthcare sector to improve quality of care and reduce costs by creating healthy environments.The possibility of refurbish apartment buildings from miljonprogrammet using evidence-based design has been studied by means of an extensive literature review and a closer examination of the residential area, Husby in Stockholm, which has been chosen to represent the miljonprogrammet in its entirety. Furthermore, the evidence-based research has been limited to seven fields; nature, noise, color, wayfinding, safe environment, daylight and thermal comfort which has been assessed to be applicable on housing. In order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the different fields, four different subjects were chosen to investigate further within each field; research and studies, laws and regulations, constructional aspect and Husby. The analysis has shown that the seven fields to varying degrees can be applicable to miljonprogrammet. The thesis concludes that an evidence-based method can be used for refurbishment of miljonprogrammet. Some of the fields investigated in the thesis may need further development, in particular; nature, color and wayfinding. Some of the benefits of the evidence-based design process may be to give architects an instrument to justify their design decisions which were earlier based on experience and intuition rather than credible research.

Rosengård was built in the 1960s and 1970s as part of the million program, in which one million new homes were built in ten years. But since then there have been no major changes besides minor cosmetic changes. These efforts have not been sufficient enough and have not given any significant improvement of the area and the problems remain until today. Malmö is today very a divided city, a segregated city, and integrating the eastern and western parts of the city is an important issue for the municipality government in Malmö. Today's urban form of Rosengård has major shortcomings and makes it more difficult for the inhabitants of the area to integrate into the city of Malmö. In the land use plan for Malmö city, Rosengård is pointed out as a prioritized area with a strong focus on urban development. The focus is on turning Amiralsgatan into an urban high street with a rich range of shops and life and movement on the sidewalks. An analysis of Rosengård is made from a perspective of density and mixed-use development. Based on the compact urban model, a development proposal has been constructed in which will be a vision for the future development of the area. The theoretical starting point "The Compact City" is a planning strategy that emphasizes the dense city, which guarantees good accessibility with integrated public transport. The compact city allows for a more pedestrian and bicycle friendly city and less car use. The mixed-use development is also a central pillar in the compact city and leads to better access to commercial and service. The goal is to achieve a denser urban form by applying the driving factors that characterize the compact urban model. The new Rosengård will be a continuation of Malmö's inner city and Amiralsgatan is the main central axis, which will undergo a major overhaul. The street's width is reduced from 120 meters to 40 meters and a new tram line goes in the center of the street. The shopping mall of today’s Rosengård center is being demolished in favor of a dense grid plan that is more walking and cycling oriented. Emilstorp industrial area is transformed into a new neighborhood with a new central park, housing and commercial areas.

Temporary building permits for housing purposes has recently received attention thanks to an addition to the Planning and Building Act (9 chap. 33a§). This addition should make it easier to receive temporary building permits for housing, even if the need is not deemed to be temporary. This is done with the hope that temporary housing can help reducing the housing shortage in Sweden. However, there are a number of challenges to be aware of when developing temporary housing, as housing should be adequate, affordable, and socially sustainable.  This study explores the usage of temporary building permits for housing in Stockholm. The situation was explored through archive search that resulted in descriptive statistics, and an exploration of five cases. These cases were evaluated based on social sustainability factors that could be related to the built environment and the development process. The time frames of the cases were put in relation to how the notion of temporary is used within the post-disaster context and in temporary urbanism. That resulted in a framework for categorizing interventions in the built environment based on their time frames, which can be useful for exploring the temporal aspects of the built environment and how the notion of temporary can be understood.  This study shows that temporary housing in Stockholm is mostly targeted at specific groups in society, and that it is developed with an adequate standard, but the possible effect that the temporary aspect could have on the residents is not problematized and the small number of projects means that it will not contribute to reducing the housing shortage in Stockholm. The conclusion of this study is that temporary housing can be socially sustainable (when only considering physical factors), but it does not contribute to an increase in social sustainability on a larger societal scale. / Tidsbegränsade bygglov för bostäder har fått uppmärksamhet de senaste åren på grund av ett tillägg till Plan- och bygglagen (9 kap. 33a§). Målet med detta tillägg är att det ska bli enklare att få tidsbegränsat bygglov för bostäder, även om behovet av bostäderna bedöms vara längre än tiden för bygglovet. Förhoppningen är att dessa temporära bostäder ska bidra till att minska bostadsbristen i Sverige. Det är dock viktigt att vara uppmärksam på att det finns utmaningar som behöver beaktas i projekt för temporära bostäder, då de bör vara lämpliga bostäder, tillgängliga till ett överkomligt pris, och socialt hållbara. I denna studie utforskas användningen av tidsbegränsade bygglov för bostäder i Stockholm. Situationen undersöktes med hjälp av arkivsökningar som resulterade i beskrivande statistik, samt en studie av fem fall där tidsbegränsade bygglov använts för bostäder. Dessa utvärderades utifrån ett antal faktorer för social hållbarhet som kan relateras till den byggda miljön och processer som rör denna. Tidsramarna för fallen sattes i relation till hur begreppet temporärt används inom postdisaster forskning och temporär urbanism för att undersöka temporala aspekter av den byggda miljön, samt hur begreppet temporär kan förstås och definieras. Detta resulterade i ett ramverk för att kategorisera händelser i den byggda miljön baserat på dess tidsramar.  Resultatet av studien visar att temporära bostäder i Stockholm utvecklas med en adekvat standard, men de effekter som den temporära aspekten skulle kunna ha på de boende problematiseras inte i debatten.  Temporära bostäder riktas oftast till specifika grupper i samhället och det utvecklas såpass få temporära bostäder att de inte kan sägas bidra till att minska bostadsbristen i Stockholm. Sammanfattningsvis så kan temporära bostäder vara socialt hållbara (om hänsyn bara tas till fysiska faktorer), men det bidrar inte till en socialt hållbar utveckling.