The stacking fault energy (SFE) of seven austenitic stainless steels with the compositions x(Cr)=20 at%, 8≤x(Ni)≤20 at% and 0≤x(Mn)≤8 at% have been calculated at room temperature using the thermodynamics-based Olson and Cohen modeling approach [1]. Modeling has been performed using the TCFE7 database together with the Thermo-Calc 3.0 software. Experimental SFE values from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements and theoretical SFE values from ab initio calculations were used for comparison. The results of the SFE from TCFE7 were not in agreement with the values reported in the literature. After an evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters in the database, a new assessment of the SFE in the ternary and quaternary Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn system was proposed which resulted in SFE values in fairly good agreement with the literature.

Bor tillförs stålet för att förbättra härdbarheten. Vid borering av rostfri ståltråd (0,5mm) har borsyra och bortribromid använts. Dessa borhaltiga ämnen har använts vid olika tillstånd, dvs. borsyra har tillförts i fast form och bortribromid som vätska, vilken förångats med hetvattenbad. Borsyra har i form av granuler placerats i reaktorn under ståltråden. Vid höga temperaturer på ståltråden har borsyran därvid upphettats direkt av tråden och bor har överförts till denna. Med båda borhaltiga ämnena har ståltråden impregnerats med två försök vardera, genom att ståltråden upphettats elektriskt med två olika spänningar, 4 resp. 5 volt. Efter detta har upplösning av trådarna skett med elektrolys med svavelsyra under ett dygn. Spektrofotometrisk analys har därefter genomförts för att bestämma mängden bor som tillförts de rostfria ståltrådarna. Med hjälp av en kalibrerkurva framtagen med kända bormängder har detta möjliggjort vidare bestämning av mängderna bor i de, med bortribromid och borsyra behandlade trådarna. I rapporten framgår hur mycket bor som tillförts från de borhaltiga ämnena till ståltrådarna. Mängderna bor visade sig vara mellan 0,025 – 0,050 vikts - %. Vid högre spänning, dvs. högre temperaturer blir mängderna bor högre och reaktionstiden kortare (den tid det tagit för ståltråden att brännas av har bestämt reaktionstiden). Proverna som genomförts vid 5 volt har kortare reaktionstid och mängderna bor är något högre än vid proverna med 4 volt.

Cette étude présente le brasage isotherme sous vide des alliages d’aluminium appliqué à la fabrication d’échangeurs thermiques. Ainsi, on étudie les évolutions microstructurales des nuances 3003 (Al-Mn) et 4004 (Al-Si-Mg) au cours des différentes étapes du cycle de brasage. Une double approche est mise en œuvre. Dans un premier temps, des échantillons modèles sont traités thermiquement en laboratoire. On suit l’évolution des phases en présence dans les deux alliages et les phénomènes de diffusion à l’état solide grâce à des analyses EDS. Nous montrons que les outils de simulation thermodynamique Thermo-Calc et DICTRA sont fiables à des températures supérieures à 400°C. On propose ensuite une description des mécanismes gouvernant la fusion du métal d’apport. Nous montrons qu’elle aboutit à la ségrégation d’un liquide enrichi en Si à la surface du métal d’apport. Dans un deuxième temps, des essais sont réalisés en industrie afin de prendre en compte les paramètres du brasage réel. Nous mettons en évidence des phénomènes de dissolution excessive et de pénétration de liquide aux joints de grains. Nous identifions les mécanismes qui gouvernent l’apparition de ces problèmes métallurgiques au cours du brasage. Ainsi, une faible taille de grains du métal de base et une diffusion préférentielle aux joints de grain sont mises en cause / This study deals with the vacuum TLP (Transient Liquid Phase) brazing of aluminum alloys applied to the manufacture of heat exchangers. Thus, the microstructure evolutions of 3003 (Al-Mn) and 4004 (Al-Si-Mg) alloys during the whole assembly process are studied. Firsty, model samples are heat treated in laboratory. The phase transformations and the solid state diffusion between the filler alloy and the base alloy are studied. The results are compared to thermodynamic predictions obtained with both Thermo-Calc and DICTRA softwares. We conclude that these tools are reliable at temperatures above 400°C. The fusion path of the filler alloy is described. It is shown that a Si enriched liquid is formed at the clad surface. On a second time, tests are carried out in industrial conditions, in order to take actual brazing parameters into account. Excessive dissolution and liquid penetration at grain boundaries are observed. The fine grained structure of the base alloy associated to a preferential diffusion at grain boundaries appear to be the main causes

The assemblage of ca. 6–4 Ma volcanic rocks exposed at the Sagehen Research station in the Truckee-Tahoe region of the northern Sierra Nevada, United States, is interpreted to be, within the Ancestral Cascades volcanic arc, a Lassen-type stratovolcano complex. Sagehen is of particular importance because it is one of the few Tertiary arc volcanic centres in California which has not been heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene. The volcanic rocks are variably porphyritic or aphanitic, including abundant plagioclase with clinopyroxene and amphibole. The rocks range from basalt to basaltic-andesite to andesite in composition. Basalts are olivineand clinopyroxene-bearing with minor phenocrysts of plagioclase. The basaltic-andesites are primarily pyroxene bearing while the andesites contain pyroxene-, plagioclase- and hornblende porphyritic phases. Sagehen arc lavas are calc-alkaline and enriched in the large ion lithophile elements and depleted in High Field Strength Elements. The basalts are depleted in Zr and Hf while the andesites are enriched with Zr and Hf relative to the middle rare earth elements. Compared to previously studied Ancestral Cascade arc samples, Sagehen region basalts have lower 143Nd/144Nd isotopic values that do not correspond to proposed mantle-lithosphere mixing lines, while the andesite samples appear to represent the interplay of these two components on a 87Sr/86Sr vs. 143Nd/144Nd. The trace element data and isotopic plots suggest that the melts that produced the basalts are from subduction modified mantle wedge peridotites that ponded near the base of the lithosphere similar to the generation of other subduction related calc-alkaline lavas along convergent continental margins. The andesitic samples appear to be the result of further modification through crustal assimilation as seen in the higher isotopic Sr contents in the andesites and Ce/Smpmn vs. Tb/Ybpmn plots. Finally, the proposed map units from Sylvester & Raines (2007) were found to contain various geochemical facies based on the samples collected indicating that some map units may have to be redefined or sub-divided.

Calcic-iron skarns are one of the characteristic part of the regional metamorphic complexes of the Bohemian Massif. Their mineral assemblages, structures and significant enrichment of Ca, Al and Fe were previously interpreted to be primary (exhalation sediment) or secondary (metasomatic carbonates). In this project, which consists of three sub-studies will focus on the geochemical composition of skarn as the main arguments for the discussion of their origin. Malešov deposit belongs to the typical calcic-iron skarns whose mineral assemblages are not very different from similar skarns associations in the Bohemian massif. It consists of lenticular body that is stored in gneiss and migmatites of the Kutná Hora crystalline complex. On the deposit prevails garnet-pyroxen skarn, less abundantly represented garnet and magnetite skarns and skarns replacement by amphibole or epidote. Fine-grained garnet skarns are formed by isotropic dark red garnet (Adr78-88Prp0-0.3), while in massive garnet rocks garnet grains form the core (Adr13-38Prp2.5), which envelop newly formed garnet (Adr28-66Prp1.6). In association with them is often pyroxene (Hd60-90) which can be replaced by hastingsite amphibole composition. Other minerals present are magnetite, Fe-epidote, calcite and albite. Magnetite and pyroxene skarns are...

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-23T10:48:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCIELE_DIETRICH_TES.pdf: 3499792 bytes, checksum: c6cf1d1c8ad84ed3af5c5b4a075c3eb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-01T11:50:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCIELE_DIETRICH_TES.pdf: 3499792 bytes, checksum: c6cf1d1c8ad84ed3af5c5b4a075c3eb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-01T11:54:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCIELE_DIETRICH_TES.pdf: 3499792 bytes, checksum: c6cf1d1c8ad84ed3af5c5b4a075c3eb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The increasing incidence of tendon injuries is a constant challenge in orthopaedic medicine. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a strategy widely explored in the clinic because it is believed to accelerate the tendon repair process. However, the PRP clinical efficacy is uncertain, and more studies that aim to a better understanding of this treatment are needed. The aim of this research was to evaluate the PRP effect on the Achilles tendon (AT) repair of rats. A total of 242 rats were used, where 181 animals were randomly distributed in 6 different experiments. The remaining animals were used as blood donors (n=49) and for flow cytometry (n=12). The lesion was performed by transection of the right AT. The repair evaluation occurred after 11 and 14 postoperative days, with a mechanical testing machine. Peak force was considered the primary variable. Variations in the PRP production protocols, leukocyte concentration and physical activity of the rats were tested. ELISA test was performed to quantify platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB) present in PRP. Pathogenfree animals and animals contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were used. Standard PRP platelet concentration was at least 5 times higher than that of the peripheral blood, and it was possible to have either a high or a low leukocyte concentration in the preparation. PDGF-AB levels in inactivated PRP were 7.3 ?g/mL (SD 6.0; n=4) and in plasma were below the detection levels (0.03 ng/mL). In the experiments performed with pathogen-free rats, no significant effect of PRP could be observed on tendon repair. In the same way, no significant difference could be found in the rats treated with PRP with higher or lower leukocyte concentration. In contrast, rats contaminated with S. aureus showed increased tendon force after PRP treatment. Significant interaction between bacteriological status and PRP treatment was verified (p=0.003). It was further observed that healthy rats had higher levels of cytotoxic T cells in their spleens. The difference in response to treatment in contaminated rats suggests that the PRP effect is dependent on the immune status of the animals. This is the first study that suggests the possibility of interaction between microbiota and tendon repair. Extrapolation of this treatment to the clinic remains dubious. / A crescente incid?ncia de les?es tend?neas constituem um desafio constante na medicina ortop?dica. A utiliza??o do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) ? uma estrat?gia amplamente explorada na cl?nica por creditar-se que acelera o processo de reparo tend?neo. Contudo, a efic?cia cl?nica do PRP ? question?vel, e mais estudos que visem uma melhor compreens?o deste tratamento s?o necess?rios. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do PRP no reparo do tend?o de Aquiles (TA) de ratos. Um total de 242 ratos foram utilizados, sendo 181 animais randomicamente distribu?dos em 6 diferentes experimentos. Os animais restantes foram utilizados como doadores sangu?neos (n= 49) e para realiza??o de citometria de fluxo (n=12). A les?o foi executada atrav?s de transec??o do TA direito. A avalia??o do reparo foi feita 11 e 14 dias p?s-cir?rgico, atrav?s de m?quina de teste mec?nico. O pico de for?a foi considerado a vari?vel principal. Varia??es no protocolo de produ??o de PRP, concentra??o de leuc?citos e atividade f?sica dos ratos foram testados. O teste de ELISA foi realizado a fim de quantificar o fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas (PDGF-AB) presente no PRP. Foram utilizados animais livres de pat?genos e animais contaminados com Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A concentra??o plaquet?ria do PRP padr?o foi pelo menos 5 vezes maior que a do sangue perif?rico, e foi poss?vel obtermos tanto uma alta ou baixa concentra??o de leuc?citos no preparado. Os n?veis de PDGF-AB no PRP inativado foram de 7.3 ?g/mL (DP 6.0; n=4) e no plasma sangu?neo foram abaixo dos n?veis de detec??o (0.03 ng/mL). Nos experimentos realizados com ratos livres de pat?genos, nenhum efeito significativo do PRP p?de ser observado no reparo tend?neo. Da mesma forma, nenhuma diferen?a significativa p?de ser encontrada nos ratos tratados com PRP com alta ou baixa concentra??o de leuc?citos. Em contraste, os ratos contaminados com S. aureus demonstraram aumento da for?a tend?nea ap?s o tratamento com PRP. Significante intera??o entre estado bacteriol?gico e tratamento PRP foi verificada (p=0.003). Observou-se ainda, que ratos saud?veis possu?am maiores n?veis de c?lulas T citot?xicas em seus ba?os. A diferen?a na resposta ao tratamento em ratos contaminados sugere que o efeito do PRP ? dependente do estado imune dos animais. Esse ? o primeiro estudo que sugere a possibilidade de intera??o entre microbiota e reparo tend?neo. A extrapola??o deste tratamento para a cl?nica permanece d?bia.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-01-30T22:07:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Uiliana M?rcia da Silva Merc?s Farias_2017.pdf: 5844655 bytes, checksum: 1df6b86cb5dfd9f89a7bbd299fa1bf93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T22:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uiliana M?rcia da Silva Merc?s Farias_2017.pdf: 5844655 bytes, checksum: 1df6b86cb5dfd9f89a7bbd299fa1bf93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / The use of waste from Dimension Stone Industry as an inert material can be a good way to promote the sustainability of the construction sector. The Cariri stone is one of the dimension stones explored in state of Ceara, in Brazil. Thus, this work was developed with the main goal of studying a self-compacting concrete production (SCC) using Cariri stone sawdust waste (CSSW) in partial replacement with the natural fine aggregate. The SCC was designed using the method proposed by Melo (2005) considering two w/c ratios (0.57-0.70), and 10% of CSSW. The study was carried out in three stages: material characterization, mortar phase evaluation and SCC phase evaluation. In the fresh state, SCC was evaluated for fluidity, plastic viscosity, blocking capacity and segregation resistance, using V funnel, J-Ring, L-box and segregation column. In the hardened state, the SCC was evaluated for axial compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and water absorption, void index and specific density. The results showed that CSSW improve SCC cohesiveness and homogeneity, and it is feasible to apply up to 10% of CSSW in SCC production. / No sentido de promover a sustentabilidade do setor da constru??o civil, procura-se alternativas para diminuir o impacto ambiental gerado, atrav?s da descoberta de novos materiais alternativos, como os res?duos da ind?stria de beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais. Dentre os tipos de rochas ornamentais exploradas no Brasil, destaca-se um calc?rio laminado conhecido como ?Pedra Cariri?, que ? explorado no estado do Cear?. Assim, esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar a produ??o de concreto autoadens?vel (CAA) utilizando res?duos de serragem de pedra Cariri (RSPC) em substitui??o parcial ao agregado mi?do natural. Utilizando a metodologia de Melo (2005) para produ??o de CAA, foram definidas as rela??es a/c (0,57-0,70). O estudo se deu em tr?s etapas: caracteriza??o dos materiais, fase argamassa e fase CAA. No estado fresco, o CAA foi avaliado quanto ? fluidez, viscosidade pl?stica, habilidade passante e resist?ncia ? segrega??o, por meio do ensaio de espalhamento, funil V, Anel J, Caixa L e coluna de segrega??o. No estado endurecido, o CAA foi avaliado quanto ? resist?ncia ? compress?o axial, ? resist?ncia ? tra??o por compress?o diametral e ? absor??o de ?gua, ?ndice de vazios e massa espec?fica. Os resultados indicaram a possibilidade da aplica??o de at? 10% de RSPC na produ??o de CAA.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:19:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Willian Diogo Pasternak.pdf: 1415220 bytes, checksum: 1af88a553b3e39efd02021996506fa2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / The dormancy period of a plant consists of the period during which its development is suspended, being inactive. In some cases, the breakdown of dormancy does not occur naturally, requiring the break of this period, through the application of chemical or natural products. However, monitoring air temperature and relative humidity data specifically in the production environment has proven to be an expensive process. Using agrometeorological stations of meteorological institutes does not return exact data of the plantation. This work contributes to the peach and grapevine dormancy period analysis process by presenting a low cost experimental agrometeorological station capable of collecting temperature and relative humidity data. Integrated to this station, a software is provided to calculate the period of dormancy in peach trees and vines using the Utah methods, North Carolina, Modified Utah, Modified North Carolina and Cold Units. The station was developed employing the Atmel ATmega 328P microcontroller. The software was developed using WebServices technology and the Java programming language. Two agrometeorological stations were designed and installed, one in Guarapuava and another in Ponta Grossa, both cities of the state of Paraná. The data collections at both stations were compared to other stations in the region and data were considered satisfactory. The softwares developed for the correct functioning of the station, as well as the software to calculate the period of dormancy in peach trees and vines, return correct and adequate data for decision making. / O período de dormência de uma planta consiste no período durante o qual o seu desenvolvimento é suspenso, ficando esta inativa. Em alguns casos a quebra de dormência não acontece de forma natural, sendo necessária a quebra desse período, por meio da aplicação de produtos químicos ou naturais. Todavia, monitorar dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar especificamente no ambiente de produção, tem se mostrado um processo caro. Já ao usar estações agrometeorológicas de institutos meteorológicos não retornam dados exatos da plantação. Este trabalho contribui com o processo de análise de período de dormência de pessegueiros e videiras ao apresentar uma estação agrometeorológica experimental, de baixo custo, capaz de coletar dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Integrado a esta estação é disponibilizado um software para cálculo do período de dormência em pessegueiros e videiras por meio dos métodos Utah, Carolina do Norte, Utah Modificado, Carolina do Norte Modificado e Unidades de Frio. A estação foi desenvolvida empregando o microcontrolador Atmel ATmega 328P. Já os softwares foram desenvolvidos aplicando a tecnologia WebServices e a linguagem de programação Java. Duas estações agrometeorológicas foram projetadas e instaladas uma em Guarapuava e outra em Ponta Grossa, ambas cidades do estado do Paraná. As coletas dos dados em ambas as estações foram comparadas a outras estações das regiões e os dados foram tidos como satisfatórios. Os softwares desenvolvidos para o correto funcionamento da estação, bem como o software para cálculo do período de dormência em pessegueiros e videiras retornam respostas corretas e adequadas para auxiliar na tomada de decisão sobre a aplicação ou não de produtos para quebra de dormência em pessegueiros e videiras.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 423172.pdf: 3400230 bytes, checksum: bab5e56a2764b48196869767780b49f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-25 / Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um protocolo acelerado de reabilita??o (ACE) versus um protocolo tradicional de imobiliza??o do tornozelo (TRA) sobre a fun??o muscular e articular, ap?s o tratamento cir?rgico da ruptura aguda do tend?o de Aquiles. M?todo: 37 pacientes com diagn?stico de ruptura aguda do tend?o de Aquiles foram submetidos ao tratamento cir?rgico aberto com reparo t?rmino-terminal pela t?cnica de Krackow. Ap?s a cirurgia, foram divididos em dois grupos: no grupo ACE foi utilizada ?rtese remov?vel e programa de exerc?cios a partir do 15o dia; no grupo TRA foi utilizado m?todo tradicional de imobiliza??o gessada por seis semanas, seguido de programa de exerc?cios domiciliares. Vari?veis quantitativas referentes ? perimetria da perna, amplitude de movimento (ADM) do tornozelo, ?rea de se??o transversa do tend?o, torque m?ximo ativo isom?trico e isocin?tico foram obtidas em intervalos regulares para comparar o lado operado ao saud?vel e detectar poss?veis diferen?as entre os grupos durante seis meses de p?soperat?rio. Resultados cl?nicos foram avaliados utilizando a escala para tornozelo e retrop? da American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). Resultados: Dos 37 pacientes, quatro foram exclu?dos ao longo do estudo. Nenhuma reruptura, trombose venosa profunda ou infec??o profunda foi observada. N?o foram observadas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos nas vari?veis quantitativas estudadas, com exce??o da ADM total do tornozelo aos 45 (p=0,014) e 90 dias (p=0,021) de p?soperat?rio, favorecendo o grupo ACE. Neste grupo, os escores AOFAS foram superiores (90,2 ? 4,3) ao grupo TRA (81,2 ? 12,6) na aferi??o realizada aos 90 dias, permanecendo superiores aos 180 dias (grupo ACE = 92,6 ? 4,9; grupo TRA = 82,2 ? 12,8).

The assemblage of ca. 6–4 Ma volcanic rocks exposed at the Sagehen Research station in the Truckee-Tahoe region of the northern Sierra Nevada, United States, is interpreted to be, within the Ancestral Cascades volcanic arc, a Lassen-type stratovolcano complex. Sagehen is of particular importance because it is one of the few Tertiary arc volcanic centres in California which has not been heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene. The volcanic rocks are variably porphyritic or aphanitic, including abundant plagioclase with clinopyroxene and amphibole. The rocks range from basalt to basaltic-andesite to andesite in composition. Basalts are olivineand clinopyroxene-bearing with minor phenocrysts of plagioclase. The basaltic-andesites are primarily pyroxene bearing while the andesites contain pyroxene-, plagioclase- and hornblende porphyritic phases. Sagehen arc lavas are calc-alkaline and enriched in the large ion lithophile elements and depleted in High Field Strength Elements. The basalts are depleted in Zr and Hf while the andesites are enriched with Zr and Hf relative to the middle rare earth elements. Compared to previously studied Ancestral Cascade arc samples, Sagehen region basalts have lower 143Nd/144Nd isotopic values that do not correspond to proposed mantle-lithosphere mixing lines, while the andesite samples appear to represent the interplay of these two components on a 87Sr/86Sr vs. 143Nd/144Nd. The trace element data and isotopic plots suggest that the melts that produced the basalts are from subduction modified mantle wedge peridotites that ponded near the base of the lithosphere similar to the generation of other subduction related calc-alkaline lavas along convergent continental margins. The andesitic samples appear to be the result of further modification through crustal assimilation as seen in the higher isotopic Sr contents in the andesites and Ce/Smpmn vs. Tb/Ybpmn plots. Finally, the proposed map units from Sylvester & Raines (2007) were found to contain various geochemical facies based on the samples collected indicating that some map units may have to be redefined or sub-divided.