The heat shock response (HSR) is the cell's molecular reaction to protein damaging stress and is critical in the management of denatured proteins. Activation of HSF1, the master transcriptional regulator of the HSR, results in the induction of molecular chaperones called heat shock proteins (HSPs). Transcription of hsp genes is promoted by the hyperphosphorylation of HSF1, while the attenuation of the HSR is regulated by a dual mechanism involving negative feedback inhibition from HSPs and acetylation at a critical lysine residue within the DNA binding domain of HSF1, which results in a loss of affinity for DNA. SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase that has been reported to deacetylate HSF1, thus promoting stress-induced HSF1 DNA binding ability and increasing HSP expression (Westerheide, Anckar et al. 2009). While an abundance of research is aimed to investigate SIRT1 substrate regulation, the mechanism in which SIRT1 itself is regulated is less understood (Haigis and Sinclair 2010). Positive and negative modulators of SIRT1 include AROS and DBC1, respectively, and have yet to be investigated in relation to SIRT1-dependent regulation of the HSR. In addition, metabolic stress such as caloric restriction has been shown to modulate SIRT1 activity in yeast (Rahat, Maoz et al. 2011), but the effect of caloric restriction on the HSR is unknown. Using cell-based assays, we have investigated how the HSR may be controlled by factors influencing SIRT1 activity. We found that heat shock results in an increase in the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio and an increase in recruitment of SIRT1 to the hsp70 promoter. Furthermore, we found that the SIRT1 modulators, AROS and DBC1, impact hsp70 transcription, HSF1 acetylation status, and HSF1 recruitment to the hsp70 promoter. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model organism for testing the relationship between the HSR and metabolism, as these animals can easily be calorically-restricted via bacterial limitation and possess the mammalian SIRT1 homolog, Sir2.1. Using C. elegans, we demonstrate that caloric restriction and heat shock have a synergistic effect on the HSR in a sir2.1-dependent manner. We show that caloric restriction increases the ability of heat shock to promote thermotolerance and fitness in wild-type animals and to preserve movement in a polyglutamine toxicity neurodegenerative disease model and that this effect is dependent on sir2.1. These studies provide insight into SIRT1-dependent regulation of the HSR and the impact of metabolism on this response. We highlight the SIRT1 modulators AROS and DBC1 as two new targets available for therapeutic regulation of the HSR and add caloric restriction as another HSR activator that can synergize with heat shock.

The effect of meal-time exposure to food advertisements (FA) on food intake, subjective appetite and caloric compensation was investigated in overweight/obese (OW/OB) and normal weight (NW) boys (study 1) and girls (study 2). In random order, each participant watched either FA or non-food advertisements (NFA) 30 min after consumption of either a non-caloric sweetened control (CON) or a glucose (GLU) drink. Food advertisements increased food intake only in OW/OB girls. The GLU drink reduced food intake in both girls and boys despite no changes in subjective appetite. Food advertisements did not modify the response to the GLU drink in girls and contrary to the hypothesis they magnified the reduction in energy intake following the GLU drink in boys. In conclusion, FA in a TV program during consumption of a pizza meal by NW and OW/OB boys and girls increased food intake only in OW/OB girls and increased caloric compensation for the GLU drink at meal time in boys but not in girls.

The effect of meal-time exposure to food advertisements (FA) on food intake, subjective appetite and caloric compensation was investigated in overweight/obese (OW/OB) and normal weight (NW) boys (study 1) and girls (study 2). In random order, each participant watched either FA or non-food advertisements (NFA) 30 min after consumption of either a non-caloric sweetened control (CON) or a glucose (GLU) drink. Food advertisements increased food intake only in OW/OB girls. The GLU drink reduced food intake in both girls and boys despite no changes in subjective appetite. Food advertisements did not modify the response to the GLU drink in girls and contrary to the hypothesis they magnified the reduction in energy intake following the GLU drink in boys. In conclusion, FA in a TV program during consumption of a pizza meal by NW and OW/OB boys and girls increased food intake only in OW/OB girls and increased caloric compensation for the GLU drink at meal time in boys but not in girls.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "August 2007" Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-10Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000810003.pdf: 507589 bytes, checksum: 36216a36ed77722e32e7b7bcdd080895 (MD5) / Este trabalho avaliou a inclusão de resíduo de abacaxi na alimentação de suínos com elevado peso de abate. No primeiro experimento utilizaram-se 28 animais em terminação, com peso inicial de 84,93 ± 8,71 kg, para que fossem determinadas as digestibilidades totais aparentes das matérias seca (MS) e orgânica (MO), da proteína bruta (PB), da energia bruta (EB), das fibras dietéticas total (FDT), solúvel (FDS) e insolúvel (FDI), das fibras em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA), do fósforo (P) e do cálcio (Ca), do resíduo de abacaxi incluído em 10, 20 e 30%, nas dietas de suínos, pelo método da coleta parcial de fezes. No segundo experimento avaliaram-se o ganho de peso diário (GDP), consumo de ração diário (CRD), conversão alimentar (CA), taxa de passagem da digesta e características das carcaças (peso pré abate – PPA, peso da carcaça quente – PCQ, rendimento de carcaça – RC, comprimento de carcaça – CC, espessura de toucinho média – ETM, espessura de toucinho no ponto P2 – ETP2, área de olho de lombo – AOL, profundidade de lombo – PL, área de gordura – AG, relação gordura/carne – RG/C, quantidade de carne magra – QCM, porcentagem de carne magra - PCM). Utilizaram-se 32 suínos machos, castrados, em dois períodos: dos 77,85 ± 2,57 aos 101,25 ± 4,25 kg de peso vivo (período I) e aos 126,71 ± 8,61 kg de peso vivo (período II). Os animais receberam uma de quatro dietas, com 0, 9, 18 e 27% de resíduo de abacaxi. Os animais foram alojados individualmente, alimentação à vontade, composta principalmente por milho e farelo de soja. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 7 e 8 repetições no primeiro e no segundo experimento, respectivamente, sendo o animal a unidade experimental. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, utilizando-se o procedimento GLM do programa estatístico SAS, e à análise de regressão. As digestibilidades da MO, MS, FDT, FDI, FDS, ... / This study evaluated pineapple byproduct in finishing swine diets. In Exp. 1 the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, CP, CE, DTF, SDF and IDF, NDF and ADF, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) of pineapple byproduct, included in increasing levels in pigs diets, were compared by the difference method. Twenty eight barrows (84.93 ± 8.71 kg of BW) were fed a basal diet or diets formulated by replacing 10, 20 or 30% of the basal diet with the test feedstuff. In Exp. 2, 32 barrows were allotted to 1 of 4 diets with increasing levels (0, 9, 18 and 27%) of pineapple byproduct, with the same AA contents, and performance (ADG, ADFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR)), digesta retention time and carcass characteristics (pre slaughter weight- -PSW, hot carcass weight – HCW, carcass yield – CY, carcass length – CL, average fat depth – AFD, P2 fat depth – P2FD, loin eye area – LEA, loin depth – LD, fat area – FA, fat/meat relation – FMR, lean meat quantity – LMQ, lean meat percentage – LMP) were evaluated from 77.85 ± 2.57 kg to 101,25 ± 4,25 kg of BW (period I) and to 126.71 ± 8.61 kg of BW (period II). In both trials pigs were housed individually, with ad libitum consumption. All diets were corn-soybean meal based. A complete randomized block design was adopted, with 7 and 8 replicates on the first and second trial, repectively, each animal was considered an experimental unit and results were submitted to ANOVA and regression analisys. The DM, OM, TDF, IDF, SDF, NDF, ADF, CP and Ca ATTD values of the pineapple byproduct were not affected (P>0.05) by the feedstuff levels of 10, 20 and 30%. Phosphorus digestibility was linearly decreased (P<0.05), and hemicellulose was linearly increased (P<0.05) by the increasing levels of the pineapple byproduct. There were linear decreases (P<0.01) in ADG (13.1% and 21.4% in periods I and II, respectively) and in ADFI (26.3% and 15.1% in periods I and II, respectively) of the ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vasconcellos_rs_dr_jabo.pdf: 400530 bytes, checksum: 7196fccd434d8abdaab7968a17d958ce (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetiva-se com o tratamento da obesidade em gatos a redução de massa corporal gorda com mínima perda de massa magra, bem como o fornecimento de nutrientes em quantidade suficiente para manter a saúde dos animais durante a perda de peso e favorecer a manutenção do peso após o término do regime. A elevação nas concentrações de proteína em dietas para perda de peso tem se mostrado benéfica em muitas espécies. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas duas rações com diferentes concentrações de proteína bruta na perda de 20% do peso corporal e subseqüente manutenção do peso em gatos. Constituíram-se dois grupos, sendo um grupo controle (Co; n=8), que recebeu dieta com 29% de proteína e outro que recebeu dieta com 42% de proteína, denominado alta proteína (AP; n=7). As características da perda de peso em machos (n=8) e fêmeas (n=7) também foram avaliadas. Composição corporal (DXA), ingestão de energia metabolizável (EM), concentrações hormonais e bioquímicas séricas e balanço de nitrogênio dos animais foram quantificadas durante a perda de peso. Houve perda de massa magra (MM) no grupo Co (p<0,05), mas não no grupo AP (p>0,05) durante o emagrecimento. Embora não tenha sido encontrada diferença na taxa de perda de peso, a dieta AP possibilitou maior ingestão calórica (EM/kg de peso0,4) que Co para se atingir igual emagrecimento semanal. Houve redução (p<0,05) na leptinemia ao longo da perda de peso, em ambos os grupos, sem outras alterações hormonais detectáveis. Após a perda de peso, os animais foram introduzidos numa fase de manutenção do peso (MAN) por 17 semanas. Ambos os grupos passaram a receber um mesmo alimento hipocalórico, em quantidade suficiente para manter o peso corporal. Os gatos que receberam maior quantidade de proteína durante a perda de peso (AP) apresentaram maior necessidade energética que Co durante a MAN (p<0,001)... / Treatment of cat obesity aims to minimize the loss of lean body mass, to supply nutrient quantities sufficient for maintaining animal health during weight loss and to facilitate weight loss maintenance once dieting is completed. Elevated protein concentrations in weight loss diets have shown to be beneficial for many species. In this study, two diets with differing crude protein concentrations (29% versus 42%) were evaluated for 20% weight loss and subsequent weight loss maintenance in cats. A control group (Co; n=8) received the 29% protein diet while another group, denominated high protein (HP; n=7), received the 42% diet. Weight loss characteristics of males (n=8) and females (n=7) were also evaluated. Body composition (DXA), ingestion of metabolizable energy (ME), hormonal and biochemical serum concentrations and nitrogen balance of the animals were quantified during the weight loss period. The lean mass (LM) loss observed for Co group (p<0.05) during weight reduction was not observed for HP group (p>0.05). HP diet allowed a greater cat caloric ingestion (ME/kg body weight0.4) to maintain the same weekly weight loss than Co group (p<0.05). There was a reduction (p<0.05) in leptin throughout the weight loss period in both groups. After weight loss, animals began a of 17 weeks phase of weight loss maintenance (MAN). Both groups were fed a same commercial hypocaloric food, in quantity sufficient to maintain body weight. Cats of the HP group presented a greater energy requirement during to stabilize body weight after regimen (p<0.001). There were no differences in body composition parameters between the two groups at the end of MAN (p>0.05). Males presented greater LM and less body fat, and required more ME to achieve the same weight loss rate than females (p<0.001). It was concluded that, for cats, HP diet aided LM maintenance during weight loss and allowed for greater caloric ingestion ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brunetto_ma_me_jabo.pdf: 958952 bytes, checksum: 6724d0e6a3da1050f16ae04e406f6428 (MD5) / Funep / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito do suporte nutricional assistido sobre a taxa de alta de cães e gatos hospitalizados. Foram incluidos no estudo um grupo de 947 animais hospitalizados no período de março de 1998 a dezembro de 2000 que não receberam assistência nutricional (G1) e 522 animais, hospitalizados no período de março de 2003 a dezembro de 2005 que foram manejados nutricionalmente (G2). Para a comparação de G1 versus G2 empregou-se o teste t. Em G2 empregou-se o Qui-quadrado e a Correlação de Spearman para avaliar as associações entre ingestão calórica e alta, escore de condição corporal e alta, escore de condição corporal e ingestão calórica. Os pacientes de G2 apresentaram 83,16% de alta hospitalar e tempo médio de intemação de 9,42 dias, valores significantemente maiores (p<0.001) que os de G1, de 67,1% e 6,6 dias. Em G2, 63% dos animais apresentaram consumo voluntário com ou sem persuasão (92,93% de alta), 18,90% receberam terapia nutricional enteral (71,82% de alta), 6,19% alimentação forçada (75,0% de alta), 7,0% terapia nutricional parenteral (61,90 de alta) e 4,47% dos animais ficaram em jejum (38,46% de alta), demonstrando associação entre o tipo de suporte nutricional e alta hospitalar (p<O.01). Dentre os animais que receberam de 0% a 33% da necessidade energética de manutenção (NEM), 62,73% tiveram alta, dos que receberam entre 34% e 66% da NEM, 87,78% tiveram alta e para os que receberam mais de 67% da NEM, 93,28% tiveram alta, demonstrando menor mortalidade nas faixas de maior balanço calórico (p<0.001). Nas faixas de maior balanço calórico os animais permaneceram mais tempo internados (p<0.001). O escore de condição corporal não teve associação (p>0.05) com o consumo de calorias, porém apresentou dependência com as taxas de alta e óbito (p<0.01). / The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of an assisted nutritional support on the outcome in dogs and cats.The study involved a group of 947 animals hospitalized in the Veterinary Hospital of FCAV - Unesp, before the Clinical Nutrition Service was implemented and therefore did not receive assisted nutritional support (G1), which was compared to a group of 522 animals that were nutritionally managed (G2). The statistical analysis of the results included the t test (G1 vs. G2) and Chi-Square and Spearman's correlation to evaluate G2 (CI and outcome, body condition score and outcome, body condition score e CI).The outcome in G2 was 83.16% and TH 9.42 days, values higher than G1 with 63% and 6.6 days (p<0.001). In G2, 63% showed voluntary feed consumption (92.93% outcome), 18.90% received enteral support (71.82% outcome), 6.19% were forced fed (75.0% outcome), 7.0% received parenteral support (61.90% outcome) and 4.47% did not eat (38.46% outcome), demonstrating an association between the type of nutritional support and outcome (p<0.01). In G2, animals that received 0% to 33% of their MER had 62.7% outcome and those receiving more than 67% of their MER had 93.28% outcome, showing a lower mortality in the higher CI range (p<0.001). TH was higher in the ranges with higher CI (p<0.001). The body condition score (BCS) was not associated with the calories consumption (p>O.05), but showed dependence on outcome (p<0.01), the discharged percentages were 73.0% for animals with low BCS, 86.32% for with ideal SCS, and 83.18% for overweight animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SolangeMRNL.pdf: 964932 bytes, checksum: 3a047e9fe244b1c951656bee022a2335 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-05 / Health and life quality can be preserved and improved by the regular practice of physical activity. Sedentarism is an undesirable condition and represents risk for the health. This study has as objective to analyze the caloric cost and the basic physical qualities in college students of different technical levels. The research was descriptive and applied to 35 students, volunteers, from 19 to 34 years old, from both sexes, participants of the Dance Body of State University of Piau?, in the city of Teresina, in the activities of folkloric dance and walking. The caloric cost was evaluated with the accelerometer Caltrac 100/100 Plan, the basic physical qualities through the sitting and reaching test (flexibility); the vertical impulsion test, crouch (inferior members strength); the abdominal test (located muscular resistance); and the Burpee test (motor coordination). The participants were separated in two groups according to their time of practice: group 1 (beginners), group 2 (advanced). The parametric tests t by Student and correlation by Pearson were used, observing a significance p<0,05 in the sense of comparing the observed results, which showed that there are no significant differences between the two groups of students, according to the time of practice, in which concerns the caloric cost. The results of Strength, Resistance and Co-ordination test did not differ so much between the two groups. On the other hand, in the variable flexibility significant differences were observed (sig.p = 0,0022 << 0,05) between the observed groups, being Group 1 (31,5 ? 6,3) meaningfully less than Group 2 (38,1 ? 4,9), which constitutes a difference of about 21%. Such results present relations of caloric cost compensation between the studied groups, the motivation to the beginners group and flexibility to tne advanced group, justifying the lack of significant distinctions. In this sense the folkloric dance, as a physical activity, appears to be efficient, for significant co-relations are still noticed between the caloric cost levels of the dance with the walking, besides not presenting expressive differences between them. / A sa?de e a qualidade de vida podem ser preservadas e aprimoradas pela pr?tica regular de atividade f?sica. O sedentarismo ? condi??o indesej?vel e representa risco para a sa?de. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o gasto cal?rico e qualidades f?sicas b?sicas em universit?rios de diferentes n?veis t?cnicos. A pesquisa foi descritiva e aplicada a 35 universit?rios, volunt?rios, com idade entre 19 a 34 anos, de ambos os sexos, participantes do Corpo de Dan?a da Universidade Estadual do Piau?, na cidade de Teresina, nas atividades de dan?a folcl?rica e caminhada. Foi avaliado o gasto cal?rico com o aceler?metro Caltrac 100/100 Plan, as qualidades f?sicas b?sicas atrav?s do teste de sentar e alcan?ar (flexibilidade); o teste de impuls?o vertical, agachamento (for?a dos membros inferiores); o teste abdominal (resist?ncia muscular localizada); e o teste de Burpee (coordena??o motora). Os participantes foram separados em dois grupos de acordo com o tempo de pr?tica: grupo 1(iniciantes), grupo 2(avan?ados).Utilizaram-se os teste param?tricos t de Student e correla??o de Pearson, observando uma signific?ncia p<0,05 no sentido de comparar os resultados observados, que mostraram n?o existirem diferen?as significativas entre os dois grupos de universit?rios, segundo o tempo de pr?tica, quanto ao gasto cal?rico. Os resultados dos testes de For?a, Resist?ncia e Coordena??o Motora n?o diferiram significativamente entre os dois grupos. Por outro lado, observou-se na vari?vel flexibilidade diferen?as significativas (sig.p = 0,0022 << 0,05 ) entre os Grupos observados, sendo o Grupo 1 ( 31,5 ? 6,3 ) significativamente menor que o Grupo 2 (38,1 ? 4,9 ) que constituiu uma diferen?a de amplitude da ordem de 21% aproximadamente. Tais resultados apresentaram rela??es de compensa??o do gasto cal?rico entre os grupos estudados, a motiva??o para o grupo iniciante e a flexibilidade para o grupo avan?ado, justificando a aus?ncia de distin??es significativas. Nesse sentido a dan?a folcl?rica, como atividade f?sica mostrou-se eficaz, pois ainda observaram-se correla??es significativas entre os n?veis de gasto cal?rico da dan?a com a caminhada, al?m de n?o apresentarem diferen?as expressivas entre as mesmas