Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-04T14:37:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação ENTREGA FINAL PDF.pdf: 1279401 bytes, checksum: 308cdb60e0a51eda5977d4d71d6fb05f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T14:37:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação ENTREGA FINAL PDF.pdf: 1279401 bytes, checksum: 308cdb60e0a51eda5977d4d71d6fb05f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / Introdução: As modificações econômicas e sociológicas têm interferido na discussão sobre legalização e descriminalização do uso recreacional da Cannabis sativa exigindo um posicionamento da sociedade. Objetivo: Caracterizar a opinião de estudantes de Medicina sobre a legalização da maconha. Métodos: Em estudo transversal, descritivo, tipo levantamento de dados, realizado nos campi da Universidade de Pernambuco e da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, instituições públicas de ensino superior foram incluídos 357 alunos regularmente matriculados e cursando disciplinas da graduação em Medicina, em 2016, que se dispuseram a responder a três instrumentos de coleta de dados, em sala de aula. Foram levantadas as características dos alunos, os conhecimentos sobre maconha e as expectativas de resultados sobre o efeito da maconha. As variáveis foram sexo, idade, período do curso de Medicina, opinião sobre legalização da maconha e expectativas do efeito da droga. Empregou-se o programa EPI7 para organizar o banco de dados e o Statistical Package for Social Sciences, para análise. Resultados: Constatou-se que 32,5% dos estudantes eram usuários de maconha, o que não influenciou no conhecimento ou nas expectativas. O motivo mais frequente dos 158 (44,3%) estudantes para serem favoráveis à legalização da maconha foram os benefícios econômicos, diferindo dos 199/(55,7%) desfavoráveis cujo motivo foi oferecer risco para uso de drogas pesadas. Os participantes declararam não perceber desconforto com a abertura de um estabelecimento de comércio de marijuana e tampouco se a pessoa consumisse a droga em sua residência, mas se aborreceriam na presença de uma pessoa usando droga. Pelo questionário de expectativas de uso de maconha se identificou haver uma tendência de os alunos favoráveis oferecerem pontuações menores e essas diferenças foram significantes. Conclusão A opinião sobre legalização da maconha pareceu não manter relação com os aspectos da saúde. / Introduction: Economic and sociological changes have affected the discussion of legalization and decriminalization of recreational use of cannabis sativa requiring positioning of society. Objective: To characterize the opinion of medical students about the legalization of marijuana. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, data collection, held on the campuses of the University of Pernambuco and the Federal University of Pernambuco, public institutions of higher education to include 357 students enrolled and attending graduation courses in Medicine in 2016, who were willing to answer three data collection tools in the classroom. the characteristics of the students were raised, determining the knowledge of marijuana and the results expectations survey on the effect of marijuana. The variables were gender, age, medical school period, review of legalizing marijuana and drug effect expectations. The program EPI7 was employed to organize database and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. Results: It was found that 32.5% of students were marijuana users, which did not influence their knowledge or expectations. The most common cause of 158 (44.3%) students to be in favor of legalizing marijuana were the economic benefits, differing from 199 (55.7%) unfavorable whose motive was to offer risk for use of hard drugs. Participants said they did not notice discomfort with the opening of a marijuana trade settlement nor with a person consuming the drug in his home, but abhor the presence of a person using drugs. Within the questionnaire marijuana expectations, we identified a trend of favorable students to offer lower scores and these differences were significant. Conclusion Opinion on legalizing marijuana appeared to maintain no relationship with health aspects.

A análise de fluidos biológicos para detecção de usuários de Cannabis não é rotina em nossos serviços de toxicologia forense pela falta de um método aplicável às condições de trabalho desses laboratórios. Neste trabalho foi estudado um método que utiliza a cromatografia de camada delgada de alta eficiência (CCDAE) como técnica de identificação. Cinco mililitros de urina são submetidos à hidrólise alcalina e à extração Iíquido/líquido, com posterior aplicação do resíduo obtido na cromatoplaca. O limite de detecção em estudo realizado com adicionados foi de 5ng/ml. Urina de usuários de Cannabis quando submetidas a esta metodologia apresentaram resultado semelhante ao do padrão de THCCOOH, principal produto de biotransformação do THC. As amostras utilizadas como branco de referência não apresentaram mancha semelhante. Na análise das amostras de usuários por imunoensaio de fluorescência polarizada (\"cutoff\' 50ng/ml) obteve-se resultado negativo para usuários moderados e ocasionais. Com auxilio de curva-padrão observou-se que a concentração provável de canabinóides nessas amostras estaria entre 20-50ng/ml. No estudo comparativo dos resultados obtidos nas duas técnicas, foi verificada uma correspondência de 100% para as amostras de usuários com padrão de uso intenso. Nos usuários moderados e ocasionais não foi observada boa correspondência entre os resultados. / Abstract not available.

Cannabis use is becoming increasingly prevalent in Canada and the United States, where legality and public perception have recently shifted to be more permissive of recreational use. Despite established negative health consequences associated with persistent use, there remains considerable debate in the scientific community surrounding the potentially harmful effects of cannabis use on human cognition. Evidence exists that heavy cannabis use predicts diminished performance within several neurocognitive domains and also predicts greater risk of having ADHD. Further evidence suggests that earlier age of first cannabis use strengthens these associations, however the findings in these literatures are mixed and in need of further delineation. This thesis sought to examine continuous associations among current cannabis use severity, age of first use, neuropsychological performance, and ADHD symptomatology. Two studies using large samples of community adults were conducted. Study 1 analyzed data from the Human Connectome Project, and examined performance on a battery of neuropsychological measures among young adults, and found recent use to be the strongest predictor of differences in episodic memory and processing speed, and CUD predicted lower fluid intelligence. Lifetime exposure to cannabis was not associated with any outcome measures. Study 2 examined similar associations in a sample of adults representative of the Hamilton community, and also included self-reported symptoms of ADHD. Study 2 found current cannabis use severity to be predictive of more impulsive reward preferences, and also of both hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms of ADHD. Both studies found a lack of support for the role of age of first cannabis use in differential cognitive performance, and also failed to find associations between cannabis involvement and several cognitive domains such as working memory, behavioural inhibition, executive function, and psychomotor dexterity. These findings challenge some of the current literature, and highlight the necessity of further investigation to better understand interrelationships among cannabis use, cognition, and ADHD. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / It is unclear to what extent cannabis use effects mental functions such as memory, attention, and intelligence. The goal of this research was to investigate how recent and early-life cannabis use is related to these cognitive functions and real-life problems with attention and impulse control as seen in ADHD. Two studies were performed to investigate these relationships, and together found recent cannabis use rather than lifetime use to be predictive of performance on select cognitive abilities and ADHD symptoms. Age of first cannabis use and lifetime use were not associated with differences in cognition, suggesting that cannabis use in adolescence may not necessarily cause lasting detrimental changes. Rather, people who have symptoms of ADHD may be more likely to use cannabis earlier and in more problematic ways.

No description available.

Sammanfattning Syftet med vår studie har varit att få en ökad förståelse om unga vuxnas uppfattning och attityd kring Sveriges tredje vanligaste drog, cannabis, för att sedan se om attityden skiljer sig åt mellan könen. Tidigare forskning har målat upp en bild av att ungdomar har utvecklat en liberalare attityd till cannabis, och att användningen mellan könen skiljer sig åt, där unga män i större utsträckning använder cannabis. Med hjälp utav en kvalitativ metod och två utförda fokusgruppsintervjuer har vi efter denna studie fått en bättre bild av hur cannabis uppfattas och accepteras av unga vuxna. I studien har all datainsamling skett via de två fokusgruppsintervjuerna. Gruppintervjuerna delades upp utifrån kön med anledning att lättare få en uppfattning om hur attityder skiljer sig åt mellan könen. Vi har använt oss utav tre olika teorier för att enklare kunna besvara våra frågeställningar. En utav teorierna som används i studien är den socialkonstruktivistiska teorin. Med hjälp utav denna teori visar vårt resultat på ett fenomen om cannabis som en liberal drog bland unga vuxna hos både unga män och kvinnor. I Sverige är innehav och användning av cannabis kriminellt, trots detta visades tydliga liberala attityder då intervjupersonerna bjöd på egna erfarenheter, cannabisrelaterade historier och liberala uppfattningar. Cannabis uppfattas därmed som socialt accepterat där ingen längre höjer på ögonbrynen om de ser någon röka cannabis, detta framkommer tydligt av våra respondenter ur respektive gruppintervju. Bruket av cannabis jämförs ständigt med alkohol, och mellan dessa uppfattades alkoholen som den farligare drogen, både för individen själv och för personer i sin omgivning. Den liberala attityden mot cannabis infinner sig både hos unga män och unga kvinnor. Dock kan ett genusperspektiv ha gjort unga män till den större användargruppen då droger och narkotika oftast förknippas med maskuliniteter framför femininiteter.

Cannabis use among teenagers in Canada is a concern because of the long-term and irreversible effects cannabis has on the developing body and mind. Nurses can be instrumental in screening for cannabis abuse by implementing a tool to assess for substance use disorder (SUD) and triage drug users to appropriate treatment. This project focused on how to implement the CRAFFT screening tool while gaining insight of the practitioner's knowledge base about the tool and how SUD is being screened for, currently. The CRAFFT screening tool aligns with the DSM-IV's SUD diagnosis criteria, allowing for efficient identification of those at risk for SUDs. Rotter's social-behavioural learning theory is presented to provide a greater understanding of how one's environment affects SUDs. Sources of evidence were primary health care providers (N = 10) at the health centre where this project was conducted. Data were collected before and after the participants engaged in the learning module on the CRAFFT screening tool. A descriptive analysis found that being acquainted with the tool allowed health care providers to understand the significance of screening for cannabis use among young adults and teenagers and to have more detailed documentation of patients' relationships with cannabis. The screening tool was favoured by 90% of the participants for cannabis use assessment after learning about the tool with this project. Nine out of ten of the participants indicated that they will now use the tool to aide in identifying SUD. Once SUD has been identified with the use of the CRAFFT screening tool, 80% of the participants indicated that they would refer their patients for further assessment and treatment for this substance abuse, which would promote positive social change.

Marijuana is the most frequently used illegal substance in the United States and is most widely used among young people aged 12 to 21 years. Accurate screening and monitored issuance of medical cannabis recommendations have been shown to decrease abuse rates of the substance, create fewer deaths from opiates, reduce crime rates, reduce marijuana use in youths, decrease car crash deaths, and lessen prevalence of suicide in young men. The purpose of this project was to explore whether multiple screening methods for depression and anxiety in patients who seek medical cannabis referrals for anxiety and depression would improve screening and cannabis referral accuracy. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, and 2 screening tools were identified. The tools identified were the Zung self-rating anxiety scale and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 scale. The medical director at the project site reviewed the tools and approved them. These tools were then included in an education program for 12 staff members and providers with a pretest given to the participants prior to the staff education program. A posttest was then administered to the same group after the staff education program was completed and the new screening measures implemented. Results showed that referrals for cannabis were at 85% before the 2-step screening process was implemented; referrals for cannabis decreased to 60% with implementation of the dual screening method, suggesting increased accuracy in screening for depression and anxiety for cannabis referrals. This project might promote positive social change by increasing accuracy for cannabis referrals and reducing the risk of cannabis abuse.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la vie et de la santé. Neuroscience : Bordeaux 1 : 2008. Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la vie et de la santé. Neuroscience : Université de Sydney : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöker hur behandlare reflekterar över sitt bemötande av individer som missbrukar cannabis som primär drog. Vidare undersöks hur behandlaren individanpassar behandlingen för ungdomarna samt vilka egenskaper som är bra för en behandlare att besitta. Studien utgår från den hermeneutiska forskningstraditionen och har en kvalitativ ansats. Undersökningen gjordes av semistrukturerade intervjuer med hjälp av fyra behandlare inom missbruksvården som arbetar medungdomar som främst brukar cannabis. Studien utgickifrån Moira von Wrights relationella teori om det relationella perspektivet som är ihop vävt med Donald Schöns teori om den reflekterande praktikern. Resultatet visar på att ett gott bemötandet gentemot klienten är viktigt för relationsskapandet. Detär avgörande för behandlaren att visar respekt och empati för klienten samt att inge förtroende, struktur och att behandlingen är individanpassad. Hos behandlaren är reflektionav stor betydelse för att denne ska utvecklas

A phenomenological study was carried out to find out from patients with a history of cannabis use. admitted at Bophelong Psychiatric Hospital, reasons or factors that caused them to use/abuse cannabis. An original sample of 30 male patients between the ages of 16-30 years was selected from chronic (rehabilitation) wards of mentally stable patients awaiting discharge. Out of the 30 subjects, 10 protocols were selected for phenomenological explication. An unstructured type of interview was conducted to aid data collection. According to the data obtained and analysed, youth drug taking is being influenced by peer pressure, the need to escape from reality problems, the need for cognitive enhancement, the desire for improved sell-confidence and modelling of parental drug behaviour. Other significant associated findings were that adolescents who come from single-parent families and low socio-economic status backgrounds are at a high risk of developing cannabis use problems. Male gender was also shown to be a predictive factor towards the abuse of cannabis. Finally. there is an on-going need to identify causative and curative factors of adolescent drug use in an effort to reduce this tremendous loss of our resources. particularly the youth. Therefore, in the development of suitable programmes for assessment, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention, it is Important riot to emphasise any one particular factor as the main and only cause of drug abuse, but to view the different reasons and factors as related to and interacting with one another and forming part of a bigger whole. / M.Soc.Sc. (CP) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2005