There has been concern about the impact of cannabis use on the onset, course and relapse of psychosis. Evidence from retrospective and a small number of prospective studies has suggested that cannabis use may precipitate a latent psychosis, exacerbate psychotic symptoms and increase the likelihood of psychotic relapse. The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of cannabis use on psychotic symptom exacerbation and relapse within the stress vulnerability-coping model of psychosis. Two studies were conducted. The influence of cannabis use on the onset and course of psychosis was retrospectively examined in the first study. The second study prospectively examined the influence of cannabis use on psychotic symptom exacerbation and relapse over a 6-month period. The influence of the severity of psychotic symptoms on a relapse in cannabis use was also explored. Eighty-four participants were assessed at admission, 81 of whom were followed up for a 6-month period. Measures consisted of structured diagnostic interviews and self-report measures of stress, medication compliance, family functioning, premorbid adjustment, quality of life, substance use and psychotic symptoms. The onset of cannabis use clearly preceded the onset of psychosis. Cannabis use was predictive of the severity of psychotic and general psychopathology symptoms at admission. Both the frequency and quantity of cannabis use was predictive of time to psychotic relapse over the 6-month follow up period. Psychotic symptom severity was predictive of a substantial increase in the quantity but not the frequency of cannabis use. Cannabis use was related to the onset, course and relapse of psychosis.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to examine how the population living in Christiania considers their residential area in relation to the surrounding society, and why you as an individual choose to live there. We have used the qualitative method and we have performed interviews with a total of six persons. We have used Tönnies two notions regarding gemeinschaft and gesellschaft, and Goffmans theory about stigma. We choose these theories because we thought that they were most relevant for our study. Our question at issue is: Why does a person seek to live in an alternative society, with different norms in comparison to the majority society? Through our interview persons we learned their stories and their opinions considering their residential area and we concluded that Christiania differs from the remaining society in several ways. There are six themes which according to our interview persons differs Christiania from the surrounding society and these themes are: their democracy, the houses, the environment, the cannabis, the stigma and the states intentions considering Christiania. Our conclusions are that in Christiania they apply a different form of democracy called the consensus democracy, which means that in order to take a decision everybody in the group has to be agreeing to the decision. Something that is very special for Christiania. The environment is something that the people living in Christiania take responsibility for in several ways, for example the area is free of cars, which differs them from the society. The houses in Christiania are special because many of them are built of recycled material. In addition to this it is quite cheap to live in Christiania from an economic point of view since the rent is about 1800-1900 Danish crowns. Cannabis is socially accepted and it is allowed to sell and buy cannabis within the area, but no other harder drugs are accepted. Further we concluded that some of the residents living in Christiania feel a bit unaccepted because of the fact that they live in Christiania. This because of some outsiders has preconceived ideas about Christiania and the people living there, somewhat because of how the media describe the area. With the states intentions means that police officers patrol within the area, because in the year of 2004 the Danish government has created a plan to “normalize” Christiania.</p>

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine how the population living in Christiania considers their residential area in relation to the surrounding society, and why you as an individual choose to live there. We have used the qualitative method and we have performed interviews with a total of six persons. We have used Tönnies two notions regarding gemeinschaft and gesellschaft, and Goffmans theory about stigma. We choose these theories because we thought that they were most relevant for our study. Our question at issue is: Why does a person seek to live in an alternative society, with different norms in comparison to the majority society? Through our interview persons we learned their stories and their opinions considering their residential area and we concluded that Christiania differs from the remaining society in several ways. There are six themes which according to our interview persons differs Christiania from the surrounding society and these themes are: their democracy, the houses, the environment, the cannabis, the stigma and the states intentions considering Christiania. Our conclusions are that in Christiania they apply a different form of democracy called the consensus democracy, which means that in order to take a decision everybody in the group has to be agreeing to the decision. Something that is very special for Christiania. The environment is something that the people living in Christiania take responsibility for in several ways, for example the area is free of cars, which differs them from the society. The houses in Christiania are special because many of them are built of recycled material. In addition to this it is quite cheap to live in Christiania from an economic point of view since the rent is about 1800-1900 Danish crowns. Cannabis is socially accepted and it is allowed to sell and buy cannabis within the area, but no other harder drugs are accepted. Further we concluded that some of the residents living in Christiania feel a bit unaccepted because of the fact that they live in Christiania. This because of some outsiders has preconceived ideas about Christiania and the people living there, somewhat because of how the media describe the area. With the states intentions means that police officers patrol within the area, because in the year of 2004 the Danish government has created a plan to “normalize” Christiania.

INTRODUCCIÓ: Nombroses investigacions afirmen que el cannabis es la droga d’abús més freqüentment consumida entre els pacients amb un primer episodi psicòtic (Lindszen et. al., 1994). La seva prevalença de consum oscil·la entre un 13% y un 64% (Compton, Whicker y Hochman, 2007). El cannabis pot jugar un paper important en el desenvolupament de l’esquizofrènia. La relació que s’estableix entre el consum de cannabis i la simptomatologia psicòtica així com amb el rendiment neurocognitiu és objecte de debat. Pel que fa a l’estudi de la relació entre el consum de cannabis i el nivell d’insight, el cos de coneixement científic és mínim. OBJETIU GENERAL: Analitzar la relació entre el consum de cannabis i la simptomatologia psicòtica, el nivell d’insight i el rendiment cognitiu en pacients amb un primer episodi psicòtic. MÈTODE: Estudi descriptiu transversal. Estudi longitudinal per a una submostra amb seguiment a les 6-8 setmanes amb tres moments d’avaluació de la simptomatologia clínica. Mostra formada per 82 subjectes diagnosticats d’un primer episodi psicòtic. Instruments emprats: qüestionari sociodemogràfic i clínic; qüestionari de consum de substàncies; escala PANSS; escala SUMD; TAVEC/TAVECI; CPT; STROOP; TMT-A; TMT-B; subescales Dígits i Vocabulari de l’Escala d’Intel·ligència Weschler per a adults/nens). Anàlisi de les dades amb el paquet estadístic SPSS 17.0. RESULTATS: Al moment de màxima simptomatologia, els subjectes consumidors de cannabis presenten puntuacions més altes a la dimensió PANSS Positiva que els subjectes no consumidors (Mitjana: 23.67, D.E.: 5.39 vs Mitjana: 20.47, D.E.: 6.69). Aquests resultats es mantenen estables després d’ajustar per possibles variables de confusió. Al moment d’ingrés hospitalari s’observen puntuacions inferiors a les dimensions PANSS-Negativa i PANSS-General entre els subjectes consumidors en comparació amb els no consumidors de cannabis (Mitjana: 14.96, D.E.: 6.54 vs Mitjana: 18.85, D.E.: 7.24, p=0.009 i Mitjana: 35.80, D.E.: 1.82 vs Mitjana: 42.12 D.E.: 1.82, p= 0.035 respectivament). Al moment d’estabilització dels símptomes els subjectes consumidors de cannabis presenten puntuacions inferiors als subjectes no consumidors a les tres dimensions de PANSS (Positiva, Negativa i General) (Mitjana: 11.34, D.E.: 4.79 vs Mitjana: 13.35, D.E.: 4.59, p= 0.009, Mitjana: 11.92, D.E.: 3.65 vs Mitjana: 16.00, D.E.: 7.67, p= 0.007 i Mitjana: 27.60, D.E.: 1.30 vs Mitjana: 31.40, D.E.: 1.30, p= 0.040 respectivament). Les puntuacions a la dimensió PANSS Positiva evolucionen millor en el temps entre els subjectes consumidors en comparació amb els no consumidors (gl=2; F=6.497; p=0.002).Les puntuacions de la dimensió SUMD1 (Consciència de Malaltia) evolucionen millor entre els subjectes consumidors en comparació amb els no consumidors (gl=2; F=4.721; p=0.011). No s’observen altres diferències significatives. CONCLUSIONS: Els subjectes amb un primer episodi psicòtic que consumeixen cannabis presenten una simptomatologia psicòtica positiva més greu que els pacients no consumidors al moment de màxima gravetat dels símptomes. Els subjectes amb un primer episodi psicòtic que consumeixen cannabis presenten una simptomatologia negativa i general menys severa que els subjectes no consumidors en el moment d’ingrés hospitalari. Els subjectes consumidors de cannabis presenten una simptomatologia positiva, negativa i general menys greu que els subjectes no consumidors en el moment d’estabilització dels símptomes. Els subjectes consumidors de cannabis presenten una millor evolució de la simptomatologia positiva en comparació amb els subjectes no consumidors. Els subjectes consumidors presenten una millor evolució de la dimensió Consciència de Malaltia que els subjectes no consumidors de cannabis.

Mémoire de Sage-femme : Médecine : Nantes : 2007. / Bibliogr.

Cannabis är den mest använda drogen i världen och attityderna gentemot den blir allt mer liberala. Då många syntetiskt framställda cannabinoider ständigt dyker upp på marknaden visar studier på olika resultat angående utbredningen av drogen. Det är personer i de yngre åldrarna som i störst utsträckning använder cannabis. I dagens samhälle ställs det allt mer krav på unga vuxna, inte minst när det gäller att skaffa sig en utbildning. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan användningen av cannabis och upplevelser av studiesituationen bland studenter vid Linköpings universitet.Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt utgjordes av Robert K. Mertons strainteori där fokus låg på huruvida studenterna upplevde sig ha förutsättningar och medel att uppnå sitt mål; att klara av en utbildning. Populationen för studien var alla studenter som var registrerade på ett program. En totalundersökning gjordes av de studenter som våren 2014 studerade på ett program i termin fyra. Det empiriska materialet samlades in via en onlineenkät som besvarades av 1 481 respondenter.Resultatet visade att 36,8 % av respondenterna någon gång hade testat cannabis, männen var signifikant överrepresenterade. De flesta hade testat cannabis första gången då de studerade på gymnasiet. Respondenterna var över lag nöjda med sin studiesituation. Det var inte möjligt att se något samband mellan användningen av cannabis och upplevelser av studiesituationen som helhet.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Sonderdruck aus: Schweizer Monatsschrift für Zahnmedizin. Bd. 118, Nr. 6, 2009. Literaturverz.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Sonderdruck aus: Schweizer Monatsschrift für Zahnmedizin. Bd. 118, Nr. 6, 2009. Literaturverz.

Submitted by ELINE REIS (elinema88@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-04T23:14:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A TRAJETÓRIA LEGAL DA CANNABIS NA ESPANHA, NO URUGUAI E NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS. UMA ANÁLISE DA REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA MACONHA À LUZ DA CORRENTE ECOSSOCIALISTA.pdf: 1533227 bytes, checksum: c56d71a26290058579427ca59b9815e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vania Magalhaes (magal@ufba.br) on 2018-03-05T15:56:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A TRAJETÓRIA LEGAL DA CANNABIS NA ESPANHA, NO URUGUAI E NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS. UMA ANÁLISE DA REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA MACONHA À LUZ DA CORRENTE ECOSSOCIALISTA.pdf: 1533227 bytes, checksum: c56d71a26290058579427ca59b9815e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T15:56:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A TRAJETÓRIA LEGAL DA CANNABIS NA ESPANHA, NO URUGUAI E NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS. UMA ANÁLISE DA REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA MACONHA À LUZ DA CORRENTE ECOSSOCIALISTA.pdf: 1533227 bytes, checksum: c56d71a26290058579427ca59b9815e9 (MD5) / CAPES / Essa dissertação se sustenta em três pilares centrais: no tema da crise ambiental, na institucionalização do novo setor cannábico para fins recreativos, e na perspectiva da corrente ecossocialista. A partir de um estudo qualitativo documental e comparado entre as regulações cannábicas da Espanha, do Uruguai e dos Estados Unidos para avaliar se as características dessas legislações possuem condutas harmônica ou dissonantes ao pensamento ecomarxista, com o intuito de responder a indagação central da pesquisa. Qual destas regulamentações pode ser considerada a mais adequada à luz da corrente ecossocialista? Para responder a este questionamento identificou-se a necessidade de caracterizar minuciosamente essas três regulamentações vigentes, bem como investigar o contexto histórico da luta dos movimentos cannábicos em prol das regulações em seus países. Além de conceituar a perspectiva da corrente ecossocialista relacionada ao tema. Assim, a pesquisa bibliográfica se fundamentou em documentos de órgãos governamentais, não-governamentais, em estudos multidisciplinares sobre o tema, nas áreas de economia, ciências sociais, história e em autores ecomarxistas, tais como: James O’Connor; Michael Löwy; Daniel Bensaid; John Bellamy Foster entre outros. Desse modo, por hipótese básica tem-se a perspectiva de que o modelo de regulamentação da maconha na Espanha é o mais condizente com as práticas da corrente ecossocialista e, consequentemente, o que mais promove benefícios a sociedade. Portanto, o estudo conclui que a legislação espanhola possui a peculiaridade ecossocialista de buscar a regulamentação visando apenas o auto consumo através dos cultivos individuais e compartilhados em detrimento da venda no mercado. / This thesis is based on three central pillars: the theme of environmental crisis, the institutionalization of the new cannabis sector for recreational purposes, and the perspective of ecosocialist current.. Based on a qualitative documentary study and comparative approach between the cannabis regulations of Spain, Uruguay and the United States, this study aims to evaluate if the characteristics of these legislations have adequate or dissonant behaviors to the eco-marxist thought, with the purpose of answering the central inquiry of the research: Which of these regulations can be considered the most beneficial for Brazilian society in the light of the ecosocialist current? In order to respond to this questioning, it was identified the need to characterize these three existing regulations in detail, as well as to investigating the historical context of the struggle of cannabis movements in favor of the regulations in their countries. In addition it was carried out the conceptualization on the perspective of the current ecosocialist related to the theme. Thus, the bibliographic research was based on documents of government entities, non-governmental organizations, also on multidisciplinary studies on the subject, in the areas of economics, social sciences, history and eco-marxist authors, such as: James O'Connor; Michael Löwy; Daniel Bensaid; John Bellamy Foster among others. Thus, by basic hypothesis we have the perspective that the regulation model of marijuana in Spain is the most consistent with the practices of the current ecosocialist and, consequently, the one which further promotes benefits to society. Therefore, the study concludes that the Spanish legislation has the peculiarity of ecosocialist to seek the regulation aiming only the self-consumption through the individual and shared crops, in detriment of the sale in the market.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:45:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As evidencias obtidas em estudos pre-clinicos demonstram que as substancias contidas na planta Cannabis sativa L., os fitocanabinoides, e outras drogas que atuam sobre o sistema endocanabinoide apresentam efeitos em modelos animais preditivos de atividade antidepressiva. Entretanto, os efeitos da interacao entre os principais fitocanabinoides farmacologicamente ativos, o (u)-trans-&#916;9-tetrahidrocanabinol (&#916;9-THC) e o canabidiol (CBD), sao desconhecidos nestes modelos. Neste sentido, este estudo buscou avaliar os efeitos da interacao entre o &#916;9-THC e o CBD nos testes da natacao forcada (TNF), suspensao pela cauda (TSC) e inibicao da hipotermia induzida por apomorfina (IHA) em camundongos. Camundongos suicos machos adultos receberam uma administracao aguda intraperitoneal (i.p.) de &#916;9-THC (1, 1,25, 2,5 e 5 mg/kg), CBD (1, 5 e 10 mg/kg), a associacao entre &#916;9-THC e CBD (proporcoes de 1:1 e 1:8), imipramina (5, 15 e 30 mg/kg) ou veiculo e foram submetidos aos testes trinta minutos apos a administracao das drogas. Os efeitos do &#916;9-THC (0,625, 1,25, 2,5, 5 e 10 mg/kg, i.p.) sobre a atividade locomotora dos camundongos tambem foram avaliados utilizando caixas de atividade locomotora. Os resultados mostraram que o &#916;9-THC (5 mg/kg) induziu efeitos sugestivos de atividade antidepressiva no TNF e efeitos sugestivos de atividade depressiva no TSC. O CBD administrado isoladamente nao alterou os parametros avaliados nas doses testadas. Contudo, o CBD (5 mg/kg) atenuou os efeitos do &#916;9-THC (5 mg/kg) sobre a imobilidade no TNF e no TSC quando estes compostos foram administrados simultaneamente. Nao houve efeito de ambos os compostos estudados sobre a hipotermia induzida por apomorfina (10 mg/kg). Estes resultados demonstram que o CBD interfere nos efeitos do &#916;9-THC sobre a imobilidade em camundongos, evidenciando uma interacao farmacologica entre estes fitocanabinoides sobre o desamparo comportamental / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações