Cette recherche a comme objectif principal d’étudier et d’explorer la dynamique identitaire et capacitaire de demandeurs d’emploi de longue durée. La littérature sur le chômage est relativement conséquente et constitue indubitablement une épreuve douloureuse et dévastatrice pour l’individu, d’un point de vue de son identité, de son estime de soi ou encore de son sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (Koen, Klehe & Van Vianen, 2013 ; Herman, 2007). Notre étude s’intéresse à comprendre les stratégies identitaires qui se jouent durant cette période d’inactivité et l’influence que peut avoir le projet dans cette dynamique selon deux types de public : accompagné et non accompagné. Le projet « en tant que figure de l’anticipation est une caractéristique spécifiquement humaine » (Boutinet, 2014) et se trouve être avec l’action, au cœur du fonctionnement de l’individu associés à deux moments, celui de la conception et de la réalisation. Dans cette optique, nous avons réalisé une étude qualitative selon l’approche ego-écologique et sa méthodologie l’IMIS, Investigateur Multistade de l’Identité Sociale (Zavalloni, 2007 ; Zavalloni & Louis-Guérin, 1984) sur huit demandeurs d’emploi bénéficiant d’une part d’un accompagnement dans un cas et dans l’autre non. Une série d’entretiens a été menée nous permettant de soulever la complexité qui se joue au sein de la dynamique identitaire et capacitaire. L’exploitation des résultats a fait émerger des processus identitaires différenciés. Les individus, bénéficiant d’un accompagnement développent un projet professionnel et des moyens pour le réaliser. En comparaison, ceux n’en n’ayant pas bénéficié semblent être dans une phase d’inaction, de démotivation dans leur recherche d’emploi. / The main objective of this research is to study and explore the identity and capacity dynamics of long-term job seekers. The literature on unemployment is relatively large and undoubtedly constitutes a painful and devastating test for the individual, from the standpoint of identity, self-esteem or self-efficacy (Koen, Klehe & Van Vianen, 2013; Herman, 2007). Our study is interested in understanding the identity strategies that are played during this period of inactivity and the influence that the project can have in this dynamic according to two types of public: accompanied and unaccompanied. The project "as a figure of anticipation is a specifically human characteristic" (Boutinet, 2014) and happens to be with action, at the heart of the functioning of the individual associated with two moments, that of conception and The realization. In this perspective, we have carried out a qualitative study using the ego-ecological approach and its methodology, the IMIS, Multistatistic Investigator of Social Identity (Zavalloni, 2007; Zavalloni & Louis-Guérin, 1984). The population is composed of eight job seekers benefiting from one part of an accompaniment in one case and the other not. A series of interviews was conducted allowing us to raise the complexity that plays within the dynamics of identity and capability. The exploitation of the results has led to the emergence of differentiated identity processes. Individuals, benefiting from support, develop a professional project and the means to achieve it. In comparison, those who did not benefit seem to be in a phase of inaction, demotivation in their job search.

This diploma thesis deals with the description of selected statistical process control tools, applied to Proxima frame cab tractor made by Zetor company. There is also a statistical evaluation of measured data and determination of significant correlations.

Durant les dernières années, le Maroc a accordé une attention particulière au développement de ses territoires marginaux via la mise en œuvre d’un ensemble de programmes nationaux et internationaux. Cette dynamique a conduit à une mobilisation de différents acteurs et de différentes ressources autour de projets visant le développement de ces territoires difficiles. Dans ces programmes qui mettent en avant les principes d’équité et de solidarité, une grande attention est accordée à l’amélioration de la condition socio-économique de la femme rurale.Les projets qui mettent en œuvre cette approche genre le font par le biais de l’assistanat à travers de nouvelles organisations sociales : les associations et les coopératives féminines.En effet, les organismes de développement publics ou privés indiquent « aider », parfois « secourir » les femmes rurales en définissant pour elles des modalités de développement personnel à travers les activités génératrices de revenu (AGR) , visant le développement des territoires difficiles via le développement de « Produits de Terroir ».Ces politiques nous ont conduit à interroger les capacités réelles de ces projets à la promotion et à l'égalité en faveur des femmes, en nous appuyant sur la notion de capabilité telle que définie par Amartya Sen en 1985. Notre étude examine pour cela les attentes des adhérentes des coopératives, puis le dépassement de l'assistanat au travers de l’entrepreneuriat féminin. L’enquête porte sur les coopératives féminines exploitant les ressources naturelles telles que l'argan dans plusieurs terroirs marginaux au Sud du Maroc. / In recent years, Morocco has paid particular attention to the development of its marginal territories through the implementation of a set of national and international programs. This has resulted in the mobilization of multiple different actors and resources around projects centered in some of Morocco’s most difficult regions. Many of the projects embody the principles of equality and solidarity, and have thus approached the problem by aiming to improve the socio-economic status of Morocco’s rural women. A large number of the projects that implement this approach do so by providing ‘assisted-aid’ to newly-developed social organisations, such as women’s associations and cooperatives. The policies of these public and private development bodies is to ‘help’, or even ‘rescue’ the rural women, by defining for them a course of personal development through income-generating activities (IGAs). This strategy aims to develop these difficult regions in concert with the development of ‘local products’. These policies lead us to question the real capacities of these programs to promote equality for women. Our approach is based on the concept of ‘capability’, as defined by Amartya Sen in 1985.Our study argues that bettering assisted-aid, is a policy that promotes female entrepreneurship. We have concluded this through investigating how female cooperatives have been able to exploit natural resources, such as argan nuts, in several marginal regions in southern Morocco.

Ab den 1980er Jahren entwickelte Amartya Sen eine neue Wohlfahrtstheorie: den Capability Approach (Sen, 1979; 1985; 1992; 1999; 2009). Dabei ersetzen Capabilities und Functionings, d.h. das, was Personen tatsächlich in der Lage sind zu tun und zu sein, den traditionellen Einkommensansatz. Armut ist im Capability Approach das Unvermögen, ein bestimmtes Minimum an zentralen Capabilities zu erreichen, die benötigt werden, um das Leben nach den eigenen Vorstellungen zu gestalten. Der Capability Approach hat so viele interessante Eigenschaften, besonders in Bezug auf die Armutsmessung, dass er zunehmend Einfluss in der Wohlfahrtsökonomie gewinnt. Diese Entwicklung wird durch empirische Untersuchungen gefördert, die zeigen, dass dieser multidimensionale Ansatz zur Armutsmessung deutlich andere Ergebnisse generiert als der traditionelle Einkommensansatz (vgl. Klasen, 2000, Alkire und Santos, 2010, Figari, 2012). Der derzeitige multidimensionale Ansatz hat jedoch eine methodische Schwäche: Ungleichheit zwischen Armutsdimensionen wird entweder als Korrelationssensitivität definiert – womit Effizienz aber nicht Verteilungsgerechtigkeit berücksichtigt wird – oder als die Verteilung multipler Mangelerscheinungen in einer Gesellschaft – womit Verteilungsgerechtigkeit aber nicht Effizienz berücksichtigt wird. Die ersten beiden Kapitel dieser Dissertation widmen sich der Behebung dieser methodischen Schwäche. Dazu wird Ungleichheit zwischen Dimensionen zunächst als „korrelationssensitive Verteilung multipler Mangelerscheinungen in einer Gesellschaft“ definiert. Die ersten beiden Kapitel operationalisieren diese erweiterte Definition für den Fall ordinaler und kardinaler Armutsindices. Im Einzelnen wird ein neues Axiom für den ordinalen sowie den kardinalen Fall eingeführt, das das Ausmaß, mit dem ein Ungleichheitsfördernder Tausch Armut sinken (oder steigen) lässt, von der Beziehung zwischen den Armutsdimensionen abhängig macht. Diese Neuerung wird benutzt um eine neue Klasse ordinaler bzw. kardinaler Armutsindices herzuleiten. Diese zwei Klassen sind die ersten additiven Armutsindices die in der Lage sind, sowohl Ungleichheit als auch Korrelationssensitivität zu erfassen. Das dritte Kapitel nutzt das deutsche sozio-ökonomische Panel um zwei ordinale Armutsindices für Deutschland vorzuschlagen, die auf der zuvor entwickelten Methode basieren: den „Deutschen Korrelationssensitiven Armutsindex“ und den „Subjektiven Korrelationssensitiven Armutsindex“. Die beiden Indices werden mit dem offiziellen deutschen Armutsmaß, der Armutsgefährdungsquote, über Dimensionen, Regionen und über die Zeit hinweg verglichen. Die Resultate zeigen vor allem eines: die signifikanten Unterschiede in der Beurteilung von Armut und Armutstrends die durch die verschiedenen Indices versursacht werden und den hohen Mehrwert den die Operationalisierung des Capability Approachs darstellt.

Trade shows are an important part of the marketing mix, however there is considerable doubt to their contribution to the financial results in an organisation. A significant amount of firm’s’ marketing budgets are spent on trade shows, with the expectation that it will yield positive financial results. However, there is little research on trade show capability; especially literature relating to direct links between trade show activities and financial performance. The objective of this study was to determine whether trade show capability of South African companies results in improved financial performance. Trade show capability in this study refers to the activities, such as the resources that are required to participate in events and the outcomes from these activities. The resource based view of a firm, and conceptual models were used to link trade show marketing activities to trade show marketing outcomes to study the effects on the sales of companies. Marketing activities were limited to the number, frequency and level of expenditure of trade shows. The marketing outcomes included the number of leads generated and alignment of trade show goals to financial goals. In addition, company specific factors such as the type of industry, size of company and complexity of product were also explored. The research design was quantitative and descriptive in nature and tested the links between trade show capabilities and the financial performance of South African firms. The research found that overall there was no statistical evidence to show that all the trade show capabilities mentioned above, with the exception of some company specific factors, impacted the level of sales. These company specific factors included the type of industry, size of company, company type and complexity of product. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

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This dissertation consists of three essays examining the role of connectivity in the catch-up process of a nation primarily focusing on East Asian countries. Specifically, I investigate the sourcing of knowledge, especially tacit knowledge, on local innovation capability building and thus catch-up process of a nation. I argue that for any country, sourcing from the diverse pools of tacit knowledge available in different parts of the world is a crucial requirement in maintaining a robust innovation eco-system. This becomes much more important in the catch-up process of a less-developed or emerging economy that is attempting to build local innovation capability. In the first chapter, I lay the theoretical groundwork for the dissertation by reviewing how existing studies have contributed to our understanding of the catch-up process of an economy. Then, in the second chapter, I explore how the openness of an economy underpins contrasting economic outcomes by comparing the economies of South Korea and Brazil. The third chapter emphasizes that the connectivity to the global innovation system is equally important for a more advanced economy such as Japan. Lack of such connectivity could lead to systemic “lock-in” in the long term. This is done by investigating the national systems of innovation of Japan in four knowledge-intensive industries: automotive, electronics, robotics and pharmaceuticals. Using patent data, I demonstrate that compared to other advanced countries such as Germany and Denmark, the Japanese innovation system is quite closed. I speculate that closedness to global innovation systems could be one of the reasons for Japan’s prolonged economic recession and the underperformance of its once world leading firms. The fourth chapter proposes an alternative catch-up strategy by investigating the innovation catch-up processes in Korea and Taiwan. These two Asian economies achieved developed status in a remarkably short period of time. Surprisingly, I found that these two countries are not well-connected to the rest of the world when it comes to innovation networks. These two countries achieved innovation catch-up rapidly by focusing on specific technologies that inherently require less reliance on learning through co-inventor networks. These technologies are the so-called “short cycle” technologies, i.e., technologies where the time period between innovation and maturation is very short. Therefore, relatively advanced technologies can be obtained in an “off-the-shelf” manner through outright purchase, licensing, and other means that do not require in-house wholly-owned innovation systems. / Business Administration/International Business Administration