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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Efeitos da internacionalização de carteiras no mercado de capitais brasileiro / Effects of the internationalization of the portfolios in Brazilian capital markets

Leticia Lancia Noronha Bellato 16 August 2007 (has links)
Esta dissertação analisa os benefícios da diversificação internacional, advindos de uma maior abertura a investimentos no exterior, sob a perspectiva dos investidores institucionais brasileiros. Primeiramente, será desenvolvida uma revisão da literatura existente, abordando os benefícios da diversificação internacional, bem como algumas experiências de países que realizaram a internacionalização das carteiras locais e os resultados macroeconômicos advindos destas. Foram examinadas empiricamente as mudanças de posição das fronteiras eficientes para diferentes graus de abertura a investimentos em ações estrangeiras. Como principal análise empírica foram compostas carteiras internacionais eficientes, otimizadas pelo critério de média-variância, considerando o risco cambial. Os resultados indicaram uma redução do risco da carteira doméstica pela alocação em ações estrangeiras. Concluiu-se que o grau em que os benefícios do investimento externo em termos de retorno e diversificação poderiam ser utilizados foi limitado pela regulamentação, em detrimento do desempenho da carteira dos investidores institucionais. Finalmente, uma gradual mas decisiva diminuição das restrições a investimentos no exterior é recomendada. / This work analyzes the international diversification benefits of an increase in the limits for foreign investing from the perspective of Brazilian institutional investors. We examine empirically the efficient frontiers position after portfolio restrictions on overseas investments were progressively eased. As the main empirical analysis, efficient international portfolios were constructed, optimized by the mean-variance model, considering exchange risk. First, we present a literature review of international diversification and discuss the experience of some countries in the process of internationalizing domestic portfolios and its macroeconomic implications. The results indicate a risk reduction of the domestic portfolio by adding international stocks. We conclude that, in Brazil, the degree to which the benefits of foreign investment in terms of returns and diversification may be utilized for portfolio objectives were limited by regulation, to the detriment of performance of institutional investor?s portfolio. Finally, a gradual but decisive loosening of restrictions on foreign investments is recommended.
32

Custo de capital ex-ante: variáveis explicativas e prêmio pelo risco de mercado no Brasil / Ex-ante cost of equity: explanatory variables and market risk premium in Brazil

Rafael Falcão Noda 21 November 2013 (has links)
Este trabalho propõe um modelo para estimativa do custo de capital próprio ex-ante baseado no índice lucro/preço, E/P, na taxa de crescimento esperada para o lucro na perpetuidade, g, e no coeficiente ?, o qual mede a taxa de conversão de crescimento em rentabilidade e, portanto, em valor. Tal modelo é testado com base em uma amostra brasileira, utilizando metodologia econométrica de regressões multivariadas em primeira diferença de séries temporais. São utilizadas como variáveis explicativas medidas alternativas para a taxa livre de risco e para a taxa esperada de crescimento do lucro na perpetuidade. Diversas das medidas utilizadas foram relevantes para explicar os índices E/P no Brasil, corroborando as hipóteses formuladas. Os resultados mostram, também, que as medidas mais individualmente adequadas para a taxa livre de risco a serem utilizadas para precificação de ações no Brasil são aquelas baseadas em yields de títulos soberanos emitidos pelo governo dos EUA adicionados do prêmio pelo risco Brasil, medido com base no índice EMBI+ Brazil. Identifica-se que as taxas de juros locais, apesar de apresentarem poder explicativo individualmente inferior, são fatores com poder explicativo conjunto significativo, resultando em um modelo com uma taxa livre de risco média ponderada. Quanto à taxa esperada para o crescimento na perpetuidade, a variável mais significativa foi a projeção de consenso de mercado de curto prazo para o crescimento do PIB. Por fim, estima-se o prêmio pelo risco de mercado ex-ante no Brasil, com base no modelo proposto, utilizando coeficientes e variáveis identificadas nos testes econométricos. Tal estimativa mostrou-se substancialmente mais precisa quando comparada àquelas baseadas em retornos ex-post, inclusive em mercados internacionais, bem como quando comparada a outras metodologias ex-ante no Brasil. / This work proposes a model for the estimation of the implied cost of equity. Such model is based on earnings/price ratios, E/P, on the expected perpetual earnings growth rate, g, and on the ? coefficient, which measures the rate of conversion of growth to return, and, therefore, to value. The proposed model is tested on a Brazilian sample, using multivariate first-difference time series regressions. The explanatory variables include several alternative measures for the risk-free rate and the expected perpetual earnings growth rate. The results show that most of the selected measures were relevant in explaining E/P ratios in Brazil, confirming the proposed hypothesis. The results also show that US sovereign bonds, combined with a measure for the Brazilian risk premium, the EMBI+ Brazil index, are the most relevant measures for the risk-free rate to be used in equity valuation in Brazil. Additionally, we conclude that local interest rates, albeit having individually lower explanatory power, remain relevant in conjunction with international bond yields, resulting in a weighted average risk-free rate. The most significant measure for the expected perpetuity growth rate was the short term consensus forecast for the GDP. Finally, we estimate the ex-ante market risk premium in Brazil, using the proposed model with coefficients and variables selected based on the econometric results. Such estimate is substantially more accurate when compared to ex-post estimates, including those for international markets, as well as other ex-ante estimates for the Brazilian market.
33

Laudos de avaliação: metodologias utilizadas, erros e vieses / Valuation reports: methodologies, errors and biases

Rafael Falcão Noda 08 May 2018 (has links)
Este trabalho se baseia na análise de 125 Laudos de Avaliação emitidos no contexto de Ofertas Públicas de Aquisição (OPAs) no Brasil realizadas no período entre 2006 e 2017. As OPAs movimentaram dezenas de bilhões de Reais, envolvendo companhias avaliadas, no total, em mais de R$ 300 bilhões. Os objetivos principais são três: (i) mapear as metodologias de avaliação utilizadas, (ii) identificar erros cometidos, comparando as metodologias utilizadas com o referencial teórico e (iii) medir vieses de posição na preparação das avaliações. Os resultados indicam (i) diversidade de metodologias aplicadas, o que pode gerar inconsistência e viés nos resultados, (ii) existência de erros, inclusive relacionados a conceitos básicos de avaliação de empresas e (iii) viés de posição por parte dos avaliadores, especialmente empresas independentes de consultoria, que tendem a emitir resultados consistentes com os interesses dos contratantes, potencialmente causando expropriação dos minoritários. Tais resultados mostram a necessidade de aumentar tanto a qualidade técnica dos avaliadores como o nível de controle sobre possíveis conflitos de agência. Possíveis mitigadores incluem a aplicação de legislação e regulação mais rigorosas, com maior controle do processo de avaliação pelos minoritários, e exigências relacionadas à qualificação técnica dos avaliadores, às metodologias aplicadas e à responsabilização do avaliador. / This work is based on the analysis of 125 valuation reports (Laudos de Avaliação) issued in the context of tender offers (OPAs) in Brazil during the 2006-2017 period. Such offers had a total value of tens billions of Reais, with firms valued at over R$ 300 billion. The main objectives are (i) describe the valuation methodologies, (ii) identify errors, comparing the adopted methodologies with the theoretical framework and (iii) measure valuation biases. The results indicate (i) diversity of methodologies used by practitioners, possibly causing inconsistencies and biases in the results, (ii) existence of errors, some of them related to basic valuation concepts and (iii) valuation biases, especially in reports prepared by independent consulting firms, which tend to issue results consistent with the controlling shareholders\' interests, potentially causing expropriation of the minority shareholders. Such results indicate the need to improve the practitioners\' technical quality as well as the controls against agency conflicts. Possible mitigators include stricter legislation and regulation, with greater control by minority shareholders of the valuation process, and minimum requirements regarding the practioners\' technical qualification, acceptable methodologies and accountability of the report\'s issuer.
34

Estudo de correlação e causalidade entre o desempenho financeiro e de eficiência no combate às emissões de gases de efeito estufa das empresas do mercado de capitais brasileiro / Study of the correlation and causality between financial performing and the efficiency in reducing GHG emissions in the Brazilian capital market

Maria Eugenia dos Santos Buosi 08 October 2014 (has links)
O estudo dos impactos das questões socioambientais e de governança corporativa sobre o desempenho financeiro das empresas tem atenção crescente nas últimas décadas. Não há consenso, no entanto, sobre a geração de vantagens competitivas ou custos adicionais às empresas, decorrentes da integração dessas questões às suas estratégias, processos, produtos e forma de se relacionar com suas partes interessadas. As mudanças climáticas surgem nesse contexto como uma questão de endereçamento urgente pelo setor público e privado, e seus impactos sobre a atividade produtiva ainda não são claros, e variam significativamente de acordo com o setor e mercado de atuação de cada companhia. O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar a existência de correlação e relação de causalidade entre o desempenho financeiro e eficiência na gestão de emissões de gases de efeito estufa das empresas do mercado de capitais brasileiro. Para isso, foram analisados os coeficientes de Emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa em relação à Receita das companhias integrantes do Índice Carbono Eficiente da BM&FBOVESPA, entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. Estes dados foram analisados em relação às principais variáveis econômico-financeiras, utilizando-se regressões univariadas por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários, MQO, controladas pelo tamanho, risco e setor de atuação das empresas. A partir da análise dos resultados, não se pode afirmar que as empresas menos emissoras incorrem em menor desempenho financeiro. Os resultados, embora sujeitos às limitações do curto histórico e número reduzido de observações, apontam para uma relação negativa entre o coeficiente de emissões e as variáveis de retorno econômico-financeiro, com significância estatística nas regressões em que se utiliza o Retorno sobre o Patrimônio Líquido. Embora ainda sejam necessários estudos mais aprofundados sobre o tema, as indicações são de que as empresas mais eficientes no combate de emissões de gases de efeito estufa no mercado de capitais brasileiros tendem a apresentar um retorno maior para seus acionistas. / The study of the impact of environmental, social and governance issues on companies\' financial performance has received attention over the past few decades. There is no consensus, though, whether they create competitive advantages or additional costs to corporations, due to the integration of these issues into companies\' strategy, processes, products and the way they interact with their stakeholders. Climate change emerges in this context as an urgent issue to be addressed by public and private sector, and its impact over productive activity is not clear yet, varying significantly according to each company\'s sector and target market. This dissertation\'s objective is to study the existence of correlation and causality between the financial performance and the efficiency in greenhouse gas emissions of the companies in the Brazilian capital market. For that, the Greenhouse Gas Emissions coefficient, in relation to companies\' Revenues, was analyzed for the companies that integrate the Brazilian Carbon Efficient Index, in the period between 2010 and 2013. The data was analyzed against the main financial performance figures of the same companies, using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions, controlled by companies\' size, risk and sector. From the results, it is not possible to conclude that companies with less emission present reduced financial returns. The results, although limited by the short historic data and reduced number of observations, point to a negative relation between the emissions coefficient and economic and financial return figures, with statistical significance when using the Return on Equity. Although further studies are required, the trend is that companies more efficient in reducing greenhouse gas emissions present a higher financial return to shareholders.
35

Custos de emissão de ações, endividamento e restrição financeira / Cost of equity issues, leverage and financial frictions.

Bruno Cals de Oliveira 05 October 2015 (has links)
Este trabalho busca analisar a influência do endividamento e da restrição financeira das companhias nos seus custos de emissão em ofertas iniciais de ações (IPOs) e ofertas subsequentes de ações (SEOs). A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na análise de regressão múltipla e na análise de regressão com variáveis instrumentais em uma amostra de 106 observações para IPOs e 66 observações para SEOs. Os resultados indicam que, para IPOs, os custos de emissão de ações têm relação negativa com endividamento possivelmente em função do benefício econômico do endividamento. Já as empresas consideradas restritas financeiramente pagam mais caro para fazer seu IPO. Em SEOs, as comissões dos bancos de investimento só têm relação negativa com o endividamento até certo nível de alavancagem financeira. A partir de um determinado ponto os custos ficam maiores, indicando que empresas sobrealavancadas pagam maiores comissões para realização das ofertas. Empresas endividadas e restritas também pagam mais caro para realizar a SEO, indicando que empresas com estas características de fato podem demorar a ajustar sua estrutura de capital, conforme apontado por Leary e Roberts (2005) e por Longstaff e Strebulaev (2014). Os resultados são robustos quanto ao tratamento de endogenia das variáveis endividamento e custos de emissão de ações. / This study aims to analyze the influence of financial leverage and financial constraints on the issue costs of IPOs and SEOs. The analysis was made based on ordinary least square and instrumental variable regression of a sample of 106 observations for IPOs and 66 observations for SEOs. The results showed that for IPOs the cost of issuing equity had a negative relationship with leverage possibly due to tax shields. Constrained companies pay more to issue equity in IPOs. Financial leverage had a negative coefficient to explain investment banks commission in SEOs, but it happens only until certain level of leverage. Overleveraged companies pay higher commissions to issue equity in SEOs. Additionally, leveraged companies that are also considered financially constrained pay higher commissions. Thus, leveraged and constrained companies may spend more time to adjust their capital structure, as showed by Leary and Roberts (2005) and Longstaff and Strebulaev (2014). All results are robust for the endogeneity between leverage and equity issue costs.
36

O dilema do investimento no mercado de capitais de diferentes países / The dilema of investiment on the capital markets in different countries

Matheus Silveira Franco 27 February 2008 (has links)
O investimento é resultado de uma ação simultânea entre dois agentes: a empresa e o mercado. Enquanto a empresa segue um comportamento que implica em alterações nos recursos investidos, para o mercado existe um comportamento de valoração, caracterizado por atribuição de valor aos recursos investidos que não envolve alteração desses, e sim do respectivo preço. Nesta dissertação são comparados os Mercados de Capitais de oito países, seguindo a um modelo dinâmico que busca estimar a capacidade de resposta de cada agente; constatou-se diferenças entre essa capacidade nos diferentes países, assim como nas situações esperadas de equilíbrio, seja em sub-investimento ou sobre-investimento. Ao mesmo tempo, verificou-se a predominância da resposta das empresas, indicando uma possível evidência para a eficiência do mercado e uma necessidade em buscar entender como a empresa pode participar do processo. / Investment results from a simultaneous action by two agents: the firm and the market. While the firms behavior implies on invested resources, the market forwards on valuation of this resources, allocating prices. This paper compare Capital Market of eight countries, according a dynamic model that estimates the reaction capacity of each agent. The main findings consists on confirmation of differences between countries parameters, as well on equilibrium (under-investment and over-investment). Also the results shows the predominance of firms reaction (or need to), revealing one possible evidence on market efficiency and a need for better understanding of firms rule on the process.
37

Determinants Of Subscription Levels Of Indian IPOs

Srivathsa, H S 07 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
38

Analysis of investment products of domestic and foreign banks / Analýza investičních produktů tuzemských a zahraničních bank

Kosek, Jiří January 2014 (has links)
The objective of this thesis is to show different types of investment opportunities that a small investor has on a standard banking market. Subsequently they are analyzed from both theoretical and practical aspects. The reader will be able to see pros and cons of e.g. traditional saving products, mutual funds and many others. Services will be among other assessed from an international perspective. The main intention of this analysis is to find such financial products, to which a small investor has access and that can be recommended as a meaningful investment.
39

Three Essays In Industrial Organization, Law And Finance

Shahriari, Hesam January 2016 (has links)
This thesis explores three important topics spanning international asset pricing, empirical capital structure, U.S. politics, and corporate law: relationship-specific investment (RSI), contracting environment and financial performance; RSI, contracting environment and the choice of capital structure; and political value and SEC enforcement actions. Firms that engage in long-term bilateral relationships with their buyers or suppliers are usually required to make relationship-specific investments. We examine how the values of these long-term specific investments are affected by the quality of governmental contract enforcement. We find that firms in relationship-specific industries have higher valuations, measured by Tobin’s Q, when their countries of origin are able to strongly enforce contractual agreements. Our finding is robust to a variety of empirical specifications and regression methods. We also show that as legal quality improves, firms with relationship-specific investments exhibit lower operating performance, presumably due to risk or in order to motivate further investments from their stakeholders. Further analysis of the cross-section of stock returns supports a risk-based explanation. Firms in long-term bilateral relationships with their customers or suppliers are required to make relationship-specific investments in the form of physical equipment, human resources, specific production sites, or brand names. These dedicated assets are usually tied to a particular use or relationship and cannot be redeployed if the firm is liquidated. In the absence of legal enforcement, firms are required to limit their use of debt financing and, consequently, signal a reduced default risk to encourage investment by their contracting parties. Using a sample of 143,278 firm-year observations, and measures of industry-level relationship-specificity and the quality of legal enforcement across 57 countries, we find strong evidence that good quality contract enforcement mitigates the negative association between relationship-specificity and debt financing. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) plays a central role in investigating potential violations of securities laws and initiating enforcement actions in the United States. We examine the association between political culture and political connections and the penalties imposed at the end of SEC enforcement actions. Our analysis is based on two key ideas. First, the political culture of a firm indicates its ethical boundaries and explains the propensity of misconduct across different domains, such as securities laws. Second, political connections signal a firm’s willingness to challenge SEC’s enforcement decisions. We find that the individual defendants associated with Republican firms are less likely to receive a bar or suspension penalty. This finding supports the notion that Republican managers are less likely to commit securities fraud since the Republican ideology stresses market discipline. Moreover, in line with prior research, our results show that political connections and firm size, as a proxy for bargaining power, also reduce penalties imposed in SEC enforcement actions. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
40

Three Essays on Product Market Capital Market Interactions

Chowdhury, Jaideep 10 December 2008 (has links)
The Industrial Organization literature investigates the product market decisions of a firm while the corporate finance literature explores the financing decisions of the firm. But the truth is both the financing decisions and the product market decisions are interdependent and should be modeled together to develop a better understanding of a firm's decisions. This thesis takes a step in that direction. The manager of a firm caters to the equity holders of the firm who are protected by limited liability. Ex-ante debt is issued and at the time of product market decision, debt is exogenous. The traditional product market capital market interaction literature has argued that debt financing leads to more aggressive product market strategies. If debt is treated as endogenous and/or the switching state of nature is endogenous, it can be shown that debt financing may lead to less aggressive product market strategies. Further, if external financing consists of both debt and equity financing, it is shown that a financially constrained firm shall produce less than what it would have produced if it was not financially constrained. Finally, managerial compensation is reported to be one of the reasons for product market aggressiveness of a firm in the context of product market capital market interaction. / Ph. D.

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