Este trabalho parte da interrogação acerca do funcionamento discursivo contemporâneo e de suas implicações nos fenômenos clínicos atuais. As novas formas de nomeação e de produção de saberes são problematizadas a partir da teoria dos discursos de Jacques Lacan, a fim de traçar as particularidades referentes à instauração do “discurso capitalista” ou “discurso do Mestre moderno”. Iniciamos o trabalho com a tentativa de identificar a incidência de mecanismos de subjetivação atuantes na contemporaneidade. Em diálogo com alguns autores que trabalham esta temática, foi possível identificar um funcionamento próprio ao sujeito contemporâneo, cuja característica é o envolvimento na dinâmica que os objetos apresentam em nossa sociedade. Se a psicanálise procura escutar o desejo que se articula através do significante, perguntamos: é possível realizar uma leitura que leva em consideração o endereçamento que os sujeitos mantêm com o mercado de objetos de consumo? Na medida em que acreditamos que o objeto pode velar o movimento desejante, e que, nos dias de hoje, o objeto torna-se objeto de consumo, assumindo lugar privilegiado na busca por gozo e por filiação, percorremos o arcabouço teórico psicanalítico numa tentativa de situar a produção de diferença que se faz possível no atual panorama discursivo. Há espaço para a invenção no atual regime de incitação ao gozo pelo consumo? Neste sentido, encontramos na arte e na psicanálise o que parece contribuir para que vislumbremos alternativas ao sujeito que se encontra na clausura dos signos que o petrificam perante o Outro. / This research starts from questions about the contemporary discoursive functioning and it’s implications on nowadays clinical phenomenons. The new ways of knowledge naming and producting are problematized using Jacques Lacan’s discourses theory, in order to set the particularities surrounding the “capitalist discourse” or the “modern Master discourse” introduction. We start this writing trying to identify the incidence of subjectivation mechanisms that act in contemporaneity. On a dialogue with some authors that worked on this task, we started a search for the contemporary subject by the functioning attached to the dynamics presented by the objetcs on our society. If Psychoanalysis intends to listen desire articulated trough the significant, we ask: is it possible to perform a reading that considers the adressing that the subjects keep with consumption objects? Since we believe the object can obliterate desire’s movement, and that, nowadays, the object has become the consumption object, assuming privileged position on the seek for jouissance and filiation, we searched on psychoanalytic theory for trying to establish the production of a possible difference on the current discoursive panorama. Is there room for invention on the current jouissance incitating performed by consumption? In this way, we have found on art and psychoanalysis what seems to contribute on alternative ways to the subject that find himself petrified under the prision of signs of the Other.

Este trabalho parte da interrogação acerca do funcionamento discursivo contemporâneo e de suas implicações nos fenômenos clínicos atuais. As novas formas de nomeação e de produção de saberes são problematizadas a partir da teoria dos discursos de Jacques Lacan, a fim de traçar as particularidades referentes à instauração do “discurso capitalista” ou “discurso do Mestre moderno”. Iniciamos o trabalho com a tentativa de identificar a incidência de mecanismos de subjetivação atuantes na contemporaneidade. Em diálogo com alguns autores que trabalham esta temática, foi possível identificar um funcionamento próprio ao sujeito contemporâneo, cuja característica é o envolvimento na dinâmica que os objetos apresentam em nossa sociedade. Se a psicanálise procura escutar o desejo que se articula através do significante, perguntamos: é possível realizar uma leitura que leva em consideração o endereçamento que os sujeitos mantêm com o mercado de objetos de consumo? Na medida em que acreditamos que o objeto pode velar o movimento desejante, e que, nos dias de hoje, o objeto torna-se objeto de consumo, assumindo lugar privilegiado na busca por gozo e por filiação, percorremos o arcabouço teórico psicanalítico numa tentativa de situar a produção de diferença que se faz possível no atual panorama discursivo. Há espaço para a invenção no atual regime de incitação ao gozo pelo consumo? Neste sentido, encontramos na arte e na psicanálise o que parece contribuir para que vislumbremos alternativas ao sujeito que se encontra na clausura dos signos que o petrificam perante o Outro. / This research starts from questions about the contemporary discoursive functioning and it’s implications on nowadays clinical phenomenons. The new ways of knowledge naming and producting are problematized using Jacques Lacan’s discourses theory, in order to set the particularities surrounding the “capitalist discourse” or the “modern Master discourse” introduction. We start this writing trying to identify the incidence of subjectivation mechanisms that act in contemporaneity. On a dialogue with some authors that worked on this task, we started a search for the contemporary subject by the functioning attached to the dynamics presented by the objetcs on our society. If Psychoanalysis intends to listen desire articulated trough the significant, we ask: is it possible to perform a reading that considers the adressing that the subjects keep with consumption objects? Since we believe the object can obliterate desire’s movement, and that, nowadays, the object has become the consumption object, assuming privileged position on the seek for jouissance and filiation, we searched on psychoanalytic theory for trying to establish the production of a possible difference on the current discoursive panorama. Is there room for invention on the current jouissance incitating performed by consumption? In this way, we have found on art and psychoanalysis what seems to contribute on alternative ways to the subject that find himself petrified under the prision of signs of the Other.

Este trabalho parte da interrogação acerca do funcionamento discursivo contemporâneo e de suas implicações nos fenômenos clínicos atuais. As novas formas de nomeação e de produção de saberes são problematizadas a partir da teoria dos discursos de Jacques Lacan, a fim de traçar as particularidades referentes à instauração do “discurso capitalista” ou “discurso do Mestre moderno”. Iniciamos o trabalho com a tentativa de identificar a incidência de mecanismos de subjetivação atuantes na contemporaneidade. Em diálogo com alguns autores que trabalham esta temática, foi possível identificar um funcionamento próprio ao sujeito contemporâneo, cuja característica é o envolvimento na dinâmica que os objetos apresentam em nossa sociedade. Se a psicanálise procura escutar o desejo que se articula através do significante, perguntamos: é possível realizar uma leitura que leva em consideração o endereçamento que os sujeitos mantêm com o mercado de objetos de consumo? Na medida em que acreditamos que o objeto pode velar o movimento desejante, e que, nos dias de hoje, o objeto torna-se objeto de consumo, assumindo lugar privilegiado na busca por gozo e por filiação, percorremos o arcabouço teórico psicanalítico numa tentativa de situar a produção de diferença que se faz possível no atual panorama discursivo. Há espaço para a invenção no atual regime de incitação ao gozo pelo consumo? Neste sentido, encontramos na arte e na psicanálise o que parece contribuir para que vislumbremos alternativas ao sujeito que se encontra na clausura dos signos que o petrificam perante o Outro. / This research starts from questions about the contemporary discoursive functioning and it’s implications on nowadays clinical phenomenons. The new ways of knowledge naming and producting are problematized using Jacques Lacan’s discourses theory, in order to set the particularities surrounding the “capitalist discourse” or the “modern Master discourse” introduction. We start this writing trying to identify the incidence of subjectivation mechanisms that act in contemporaneity. On a dialogue with some authors that worked on this task, we started a search for the contemporary subject by the functioning attached to the dynamics presented by the objetcs on our society. If Psychoanalysis intends to listen desire articulated trough the significant, we ask: is it possible to perform a reading that considers the adressing that the subjects keep with consumption objects? Since we believe the object can obliterate desire’s movement, and that, nowadays, the object has become the consumption object, assuming privileged position on the seek for jouissance and filiation, we searched on psychoanalytic theory for trying to establish the production of a possible difference on the current discoursive panorama. Is there room for invention on the current jouissance incitating performed by consumption? In this way, we have found on art and psychoanalysis what seems to contribute on alternative ways to the subject that find himself petrified under the prision of signs of the Other.

Michal Kalecki was not a mere precursor of Keynes, but a contemporary whose analysis provides insights into the nature of capitalism. His contribution to the understanding of the capitalist economy is central to this four chapter thesis. Chapter one develops a biographical sketch of Kalecki. Chapter two examines the components of his General Theory. Chapter three considers the differences between Kalecki and Keynes. Kalecki's contributions to the Keynesian revolution are presented along with the hopelessness he foresaw in incorporating any basic reforms into a capitalist economy. The final chapter looks to the present fruit of Kalecki's dynamic analysis--Post-Keynesian economics. The Post-Keynesian synthesis reflects the Kaleckian framework and the Keynesian optimism out of which policy may arise to affect the structural problems plaguing capitalism today.

Magister Artium - MA / This study is primarily a history of black political organisations and their attempts to organise farmworkers in the rural Western Cape (1912 1930) with special reference to the Boland. The attempts made by these organisations to organise farmworkers in the Boland between 19:2 1930 raises a number of important issues which will be addressed in this study. Firstly, there is the issue to what extent capitalist agriculture existed in this area before and during the period under observation. On a general level there is a question to what extent capitalist relations of production existed in the agricultural production in the Boland. This would clearly have an effect on organisations attempting to organise farmworkers as well as the nature and form farmworkers struggles would develop into. Secondly, it is clear that the attempts at organisation the ANC(WC) was more successful than the A.P.O. and the I.C.U. put together. This raises a whole series of issues concerning the nature and form of these organisations, for example the strategies and organisational methods that were used, the issues that were addressed and the discourse and ideology of the A.P.O., I.C.U. and ANC(WC). Lastly, an attempt is made at evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the three organisations under consideration with a view to draw important lessons from these struggles for the organising of farmworkers in the future.

<p> This work explores the importance anti-capitalist protest in the contemporary international system. In doing so, I address some of the practical, philosophical and ethical considerations of academic depictions of protest through examples in Toronto, Canada and Seoul, South Korea. Drawing on fieldwork at protest sites in both places, I focus on forms of contemporary anti-capitalism through a political economy of 'Capital' and the inherent contestation of contemporary political decision making. I outline how it is important to develop subjective accounts of political protest that utilize ethical and psychoanalytic insights to come to terms with the tension between conformity and resistance. Contrasting what I call 'militant masculinties' of protest with 'alternative masculinities' of anticapitalism, I problematize some of the commonly held assumptions about the distinction between activism and academic efforts. Instead, I demonstrate how the methodological insights of an 'ethnographic sensibility' can benefit International Relations scholarship by discussing the possibilities and limits of political participation in the contemporary capitalist system. This research seeks to contribute to debates about political subjectivity and political activism through an examination of the efforts to challenge economic decision making power that rests in the hand of a few supposed experts. This thesis is an effort to democratize the way we think about participation in the site of protest, in order to encourage popular and academic engagement with the local and global struggles taking place across the world.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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No / The aggressive promotion of a neo-liberal form of economic globalization has created super-rich capitalists in the South as well as the North, many of whom choose to invest some of their accumulated wealth in philanthropic ventures targeted at helping to reduce social problems, such as poverty, disease and food insecurity. The rich who have been actively involved in giving to charities and setting up philanthropic foundations – and who have developed a global reputation around this activity – are referred to here as capitalist philanthropists. While capitalist philanthropists’ often-stated rationale for this activity is to help others benefit from their ‘wealth creation’, this form of philanthropy is both politically and ideologically committed to a market approach. In the case of agriculture, this means the modernization of agriculture through market-led forces of production and support for a strategy to restructure agriculture with implementation of new technologies, innovation and management techniques. What has become known as the New Green Revolution is delivered through partnerships between public, private and local institutions and small farmers with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The article critically examines why capitalist philanthropists give away significant portions of their wealth to projects and programmes that support agrarian change and food security. It considers the motivations for partnerships with private corporations through which they engage in this agenda. What are the political and ideological motivations of capitalist philanthropy? Is this kind of giving altruistic, for the good of society? Or do the origins of capitalist philanthropy determine ‘giving’ as market-led development and expansion of the market as the solution to food security?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isis Campos Camarinha.pdf: 1014918 bytes, checksum: d531ae0f7413604987b03dc6ce19b213 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The general theme of this research is the analysis of the dependent societies through the perspective of the long duration and through the identification of the main contradictions that move on the reproduction of dependency and, along with it, underdevelopment. Having as a theoretical paradigm the concepts of modes of production and social economic formation , passing by the primitive accumulation problematic and, finally, the count of dependency theory, according to Theotônio dos Santos/Marini s conceptions, the thesis of Fernand Braudel and Immanuel Wallerstein establish our Dissertation. Capitalist International relations are divided between core and periphery, as well as capitalism is divided between capital and labor. Hence, peripheral nations present, in opposition to core nations, a kind of development composed by historical and structural contradictions that insert them in dependency state. O objective of this Dissertation is to analyze and identify these contradictions meanwhile discussing also about why dependency achieves concrete-theoretical status, not being merely a scientific-verbal tool. The analyzed period goes since XVI century until XX century, but just pointing out that we not do a historical perspective and yes a theoretical perspective / O tema geral da pesquisa é a análise da formação das sociedades dependentes a partir da perspectiva da longa duração, a partir da identificação das principais contradições que põem em movimento a reprodução da dependência e, ao lado dela, do subdesenvolvimento. Tendo como paradigma teórico os conceitos modo de produção e formação econômico social , passando pela problemática da acumulação primitiva e, finalmente, o enquadramento da teoria da dependência, segundo as concepções de Marini/dos Santos, as teses de Fernand Braudel e Immanuel Wallerstein fundamentam nossa dissertação. As relações Internacionais capitalistas são polarizadas entre nações centrais e periféricas assim como o capitalismo é polarizado entre capital e trabalho. Por isso, as nações periféricas apresentam, em oposição às nações centrais, uma forma de desenvolvimento composta de contradições históricas e estruturais que os insere na condição da dependência. O objetivo desta Dissertação é analisar e identificar estas contradições procurando discorrer também acerca do por que a dependência atinge status teórico-concreto, não sendo apenas um recurso verbal-científico. O período analisado engloba desde o século XVI até o século XX, mas com a ressalva de que não fazemos uma retrospectiva histórica, mas sim teórica

A metrópole de São Paulo revela inúmeros conflitos com diferentes conteúdos permeados por distintas lógicas de ocupação da terra. Um desses conflitos sobre o qual se pretende refletir a partir de uma leitura geográfica envolve a lógica de ocupação capitalista, pautada na mercadoria, no lucro e na acumulação das riquezas, e está fundamentada na propriedade privada capitalista da terra; por outro lado, a lógica de ocupação indígena Guarani está alicerçada no uso e na apropriação comunitária de suas terras baseados em sua cultura, no seu modo de ser/viver (nhandereko) e na sua compreensão cosmológica sobre o mundo. Para revelar esse conflito parte-se da hipótese de que são lógicas de ocupação antagônicas, distintas, que se opõem, não se isolam e se realizam contraditoriamente ao se constituir uma pela forma da outra. Isto porque atualmente a ocupação indígena se faz cada vez mais possível, diante da hegemonia da lógica capitalista, pelas demarcações de Terras Indígenas (TI) ou pela aquisição de terras decorrentes das compensações pelos impactos das grandes obras de infraestrutura que atingem os Guarani. Enquanto que a lógica capitalista se desenvolve por um movimento desigual e contraditório permitindo que existam ocupações com lógicas e conteúdos diferentes que se articulam. Movimento que contempla também seu fundamento, a propriedade privada capitalista, que se constitui historicamente pela utilização de relações não capitalistas como as diferentes formas de apropriação privada das terras, das quais se destaca a tomada das terras dos indígenas, por exemplo. Fica explícito que a propriedade privada capitalista da terra se coloca como barreira à reprodução dos Guarani, em um contexto em que ela possui importância inegável tanto no plano econômico como no plano político. Contudo, ao mesmo tempo os Guarani resistem e lutam para permanecer e retomar suas terras. O caminho proposto para análise das contradições e do contínuo processo de luta pela terra dos Guarani em São Paulo se fará por meio da tríade: expropriação, resistência e retomada. Mostra-se que o processo de expropriação traz inelutavelmente consigo a sua negação, a resistência, que se realiza pelos indígenas enquanto prática e pelas estratégias de continuidade de sua existência (física e espiritual). Na superação dos dois termos (expropriação/resistência) se apresenta a retomada de suas terras, enquanto ação prática e devir, porque guarda um contínuo de ameaça de expropriação de suas terras e ações de resistência indígena. / The metropolis of São Paulo reveals several conflicts with different contents pervaded by different logics of land occupying. One of these conflicts about which a reflection on geographical basis is intented involves a logic of capitalist occupation, based on commodity, profit and wealth accumulation, and has as foundation the capitalist private property of the land; on the other hand, the logic of the Guarani indigenous occupation is sustained by the use and communitary appropriation of their lands based on their culture, their way of living/being (nhandereko) and their cosmological comprehension of the world. In order to reveal this conflict, it is assumed that they are antagonist and distinct logic of occupation, that oppose each other, arent isolated and are contradictorily fulfilled by their constitution on one another. This is due to the fact that, nowadays, the indigenous occupation is increasingly possible, in face of the hegemony of capitalist logic, whether because of indigenous land demarcation or land purchase resulting from impacts of huge infrastructure work that affect the Guarani. Meanwhile, the capitalist logic develops through an unequal and contradictory movement, allowing occupations with different logic and contents, in conjoint articulation. This movement contemplates as well its foundation, the capitalist private property, that is historically constituted by the use of non-capitalist relations as distinguished ways of private appropriation of land, from which is highlighted, for instance, the taking of land from the indigenous people. It is explicit that capitalist private property of land is an obstacle to the Guaranis reproduction, a scenery in which it has undeniable importance, in the economic scope, as well as in the political scope. However, at the same time, the Guarani resist and fight to stay in their lands. The path proposed for this analisis of the contradictions and continuous process of struggle for land of the Guarani from São Paulo will be presented by the following triad: expropriation, resistance and recovery. It is shown that the expropriation process brings ineluctably with it its denial, resistance, that is accomplished by the indigenous people as practice and by continuity strategies of their existence (physical and spiritual). On the overcoming of both terms (expropriation/resistance), it is presented the recovery of their lands, while practical action and transformation, because it retains a continuous expropriation threat of their lands and actions of indigenous resistance.