Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka folkhögskoledeltagares sociala representationer om högskola och universitet. Enligt teorin om sociala representationer är folkhögskoledeltagarnas sociala representationer om högskola och universitet något som skapas socialt och förändras beroende på deltagarnas erfarenheter av högskola och universitet. Avhandlingen syftar också till att undersöka dessa sociala representationers ursprung och framväxt, liksom om de har påverkats av andra sociala representationer exempelvis dem om folkhögskolans särart. För att identifiera folkhögskole­deltagarnas sociala identitet och sociala representationer har jag använt mig av empiriska data insamlat genom fria associationer och intervjuer med folkhögskoledeltagare och före detta folkhögskoledeltagare. För att undersöka representationernas ursprung har jag genomfört en dokument­studie på folkhögskolelärarnas tidskrift. Resultaten visar att folkhögskolans företrädare genom hela folkhögskolans historia har förhållit sig till två huvudidéer, den om folkhögskolans särart och den om att folkhögskolan är en institution som anpassar sig efter det omkringliggande samhället och dess krav. Dessa båda idéer förklarar varför olika sociala identiteter och olika sociala representa­tioner existerar bland folkhögskoledeltagarna. Grundidén att folkhögskolan har en särart leder till representationer om folkhögskolan som ett alternativ till annan utbildning och högskola och universitet som något som inte är likt folkhögskola. Den andra grundläggande idén om folkhögskolan som en institution som ständigt anpassar sig leder till representationer om folkhögskolan som en andra chans och högskolan som mål. / The thesis aims to investigate folk high school participants’ social representations of university. According to the theory of social representa­tions, folk high school participants’ social representations of university are created socially and change depending on their experiences of university. The thesis also aims to investigate the origins of these social representations and how they have developed over time, as well as whether and how these rep­resent­ations have been affected by other social representa­tions, such as those of the distinctive character of folk high school. In order to identify folk high schools participants’ social identities and social rep­resenta­tions, I have made use of empirical data collected through free associa­tions and interviews with folk high school participants and former folk high school participants. To discover the origin of the representations and how they developed over time, I conducted a document study of an important folk high school teacher magazine. The results show that throughout the history of folk high schools, the institution has remained true to two basic ideas. These two fundamental ideas explain why different social identities and different representa­tions exist among the participants. The idea of folk high school as something different and special, leads to representations of folk high school as an alternative to other forms of education and to representations of university as some­­thing unlike folk high school. The second idea – that folk high school must adapt to the surrounding community – leads to representations of folk high school as a second chance and social representations of university as a goal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMGCJ_DISSERT.pdf: 2157600 bytes, checksum: e625012e4cd3f5e995b205310bff8592 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The main goal of Regression Test (RT) is to reuse the test suite of the latest version of a software in its current version, in order to maximize the value of the tests already developed and ensure that old features continue working after the new changes. Even with reuse, it is common that not all tests need to be executed again. Because of that, it is encouraged to use Regression Tests Selection (RTS) techniques, which aims to select from all tests, only those that reveal faults, this reduces costs and makes this an interesting practice for the testing teams. Several recent research works evaluate the quality of the selections performed by RTS techniques, identifying which one presents the best results, measured by metrics such as inclusion and precision. The RTS techniques should seek in the System Under Test (SUT) for tests that reveal faults. However, because this is a problem without a viable solution, they alternatively seek for tests that reveal changes, where faults may occur. Nevertheless, these changes may modify the execution flow of the algorithm itself, leading some tests no longer exercise the same stretch. In this context, this dissertation investigates whether changes performed in a SUT would affect the quality of the selection of tests performed by an RTS, if so, which features the changes present which cause errors, leading the RTS to include or exclude tests wrongly. For this purpose, a tool was developed using the Java language to automate the measurement of inclusion and precision averages achieved by a regression test selection technique for a particular feature of change. In order to validate this tool, an empirical study was conducted to evaluate the RTS technique Pythia, based on textual differencing, on a large web information system, analyzing the feature of types of tasks performed to evolve the SUT / O objetivo dos testes de regress?o (RT) ? reutilizar o conjunto de testes da ?ltima vers?o de um software em sua vers?o atual, para maximizar o valor dos testes j? desenvolvidos e garantir que antigas funcionalidades continuem corretas ap?s as novas modifica??es. Mesmo com o reuso, ? comum que nem todos os testes precisem ser executados novamente e para evitar o desnecess?rio, ? estimulada a utiliza??o de t?cnicas de sele??o dos testes de regress?o (RTS), que buscam selecionar dentre todos os testes, apenas aqueles capazes de revelar faltas, isto reduz custos e torna a pr?tica realmente atrativa para as equipes de teste. Diversos estudos recentes avaliam a qualidade da sele??o realizadas por t?cnicas de RTS, identificando qual delas apresenta melhores resultados atrav?s de m?tricas como a inclus?o e a precis?o. As t?cnicas de RTS deveriam buscar no sistema sob teste (SUT) por testes que revelem faltas, entretanto, como este ? um problema sem solu??o vi?vel, a alternativa ? buscar por testes que revelem as modifica??es, onde as faltas podem ocorrer. Contudo, tais modifica??es podem alterar o pr?prio fluxo de execu??o dos algoritmos, fazendo com que alguns testes n?o exercitem mais os mesmos trechos. Neste contexto, esta disserta??o de mestrado busca investigar se as modifica??es realizadas no SUT poderiam afetar a qualidade da sele??o dos testes realizada por uma RTS, e se sim, quais caracter?sticas apresentam as modifica??es que provocaram os erros, levando a RTS a incluir ou excluir testes erroneamente. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta na linguagem Java para automatizar o c?lculo da inclus?o e precis?o m?dias alcan?adas por uma t?cnica de RTS para uma dada caracter?stica da modifica??o. A fim de validar a ferramenta, foi conduzido um estudo emp?rico para avaliar a t?cnica de RTS Pythia, baseada em diferencia??o textual, sobre um sistema de informa??o web de larga escala, analisando a caracter?stica dos tipos das tarefas realizadas para evoluir o SUT

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaFB.pdf: 2544227 bytes, checksum: 4cce3a28f179a98110bbf0f2fcdab478 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Brazilian Housing policy has always promoted homeownership. In 1999, a new form of housing promotion was set up in the country with the PAR (Programa de Arrendamento Residencial, or residential rental programme). This is a sort of leasing, in which a right to buy is granted at the end of contract. Again, with this, the final objective is homeownership. This dissertation aims at further understanding the role of PAR in the wake of the country s housing policies of the post-BNH period, analysing the case of Jo?o Pessoa, capital city of Para?ba state. By focusing in the city, it has been possible to analyse also the impact of the programme in the dynamics of the city s urban development. Accordingly, the analysis of PAR seeks to understand the programme s operational aspects as well as its location, urban and architectural aspects. The operational aspects refer to how the programme is operated, considering the differences to the other housing programmes in the country. The urban and architectural aspects refer to location, typology and construction characteristics of housing estates produced under the scheme. This study gives a general view of the country s recent housing policy and programmes and the specific characteristics of PAR, observing also its impacts in the city development / A pol?tica habitacional brasileira caracteriza-se pela dissemina??o da ideologia da casa pr?pria. Em 1999, foi criada uma forma diferente de acesso ? moradia no pa?s, atrav?s do Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR), que ? um arrendamento mercantil, ou leasing; no entanto, o novo programa continuou difundindo a ideologia da casa pr?pria, j? que, no final do contrato, ? dada ao arrendat?rio a op??o de compra. Este trabalho visa a compreender o papel do PAR no cen?rio das pol?ticas habitacionais, no per?odo p?s-BNH, por interm?dio de um estudo de caso na cidade de Jo?o Pessoa-PB. A partir da delimita??o da ?rea, foi poss?vel tamb?m estudar o programa em rela??o ? din?mica do crescimento urbano. Al?m disso, a an?lise do PAR foi dividida em duas vertentes anal?ticas: a primeira trata dos aspectos operacionais do programa; a outra ? voltada para os aspectos locacionais e arquitet?nicos das habita??es. Os aspectos operacionais se referem ? forma de funcionamento, considerando-se os elementos do PAR que o diferenciam dos demais programas de habita??o do pa?s. Os aspectos locacionais e arquitet?nicos se referem, respectivamente, ? localiza??o dos conjuntos no espa?o urbano e aos aspectos tipol?gicos e construtivos das moradias financiadas. Assim, torna-se poss?vel tra?ar o panorama da produ??o de conjuntos habitacionais e as caracter?sticas da produ??o promovida pelo PAR, observando-se suas especificidades e seus impactos na cidade

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OdilonJS_DISSERT.pdf: 1624865 bytes, checksum: f08c3087f93d38a7f0eca20c25b43940 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this paper we analyze the Euler Relation generally using as a means to visualize the fundamental idea presented manipulation of concrete materials, so that there is greater ease of understanding of the content, expanding learning for secondary students and even fundamental. The study is an introduction to the topic and leads the reader to understand that the notorious Euler Relation if inadequately presented, is not sufficient to establish the existence of a polyhedron. For analyzing some examples, the text inserts the idea of doubt, showing cases where it is not fit enough numbers to validate the Euler Relation. The research also highlights a theorem certainly unfamiliar to many students and teachers to research the polyhedra, presenting some very simple inequalities relating the amounts of edges, vertices and faces of any convex polyhedron, which clearly specifies the conditions and sufficient necessary for us to see, without the need of viewing the existence of the solid screen. And so we can see various polyhedra and facilitate understanding of what we are exposed, we will use Geogebra, dynamic application that combines mathematical concepts of algebra and geometry and can be found through the link http://www.geogebra.org / Neste trabalho, analisamos a Rela??o de Euler de uma maneira geral, utilizando, como meios de visualiza??o, a manipula??o de materiais concretos, a fifim de que haja maior facilidade na percep??o do conte?do, expandindo a aprendizagem aos alunos de n?vel m?dio e at? fundamental. O estudo faz uma introdu??o ao tema e leva o leitor a entender que a Rela??o de Euler, se apresentada de maneira inadequada, n?o ? sufificiente para determinar a exist?ncia de um poliedro. Pois, analisando alguns exemplos, o texto insere a id?ia de d?vida, mostrando casos onde n?o ? sufificiente encaixar n?meros que validem a Rela??o de Euler. A pesquisa destaca ainda um teorema, certamente desconhecido de muitos alunos e professores que pesquisam sobre os poliedros, apresentando algumas inequa??es muito simples, relacionando as quantidades de arestas, v?rtices e faces de qualquer poliedro convexo, as quais definem de forma precisa as condi??es sufificientes e necess?rias para que possamos constatar, sem a necessidade da visualiza??o, a exist?ncia do s?lido em tela. E para que possamos visualizar v?rios poliedros e facilitar a compreens?o do que estamos expondo, utilizaremos o Geogebra, aplicativo de matematica din?mica que combina conceitos de geometria e alg?bra e pode ser encontrado por meio do link http://www.geogebra.org

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaleeCA_DISSERT.pdf: 1318151 bytes, checksum: d2471205a640d8428567d06ace6c3b31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The human voice is an important communication tool and any disorder of the voice can have profound implications for social and professional life of an individual. Techniques of digital signal processing have been used by acoustic analysis of vocal disorders caused by pathologies in the larynx, due to its simplicity and noninvasive nature. This work deals with the acoustic analysis of voice signals affected by pathologies in the larynx, specifically, edema, and nodules on the vocal folds. The purpose of this work is to develop a classification system of voices to help pre-diagnosis of pathologies in the larynx, as well as monitoring pharmacological treatments and after surgery. Linear Prediction Coefficients (LPC), Mel Frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and the coefficients obtained through the Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) are applied to extract relevant characteristics of the voice signal. For the classification task is used the Support Vector Machine (SVM), which aims to build optimal hyperplanes that maximize the margin of separation between the classes involved. The hyperplane generated is determined by the support vectors, which are subsets of points in these classes. According to the database used in this work, the results showed a good performance, with a hit rate of 98.46% for classification of normal and pathological voices in general, and 98.75% in the classification of diseases together: edema and nodules / A voz humana ? uma importante ferramenta de comunica??o e qualquer funcionamento inadequado da voz pode ter profundas implica??es na vida social e profissional de um indiv?duo. T?cnicas de processamento digital de sinais t?m sido utilizadas atrav?s da an?lise ac?stica de desordens vocais provocadas por patologias na laringe, devido ? sua simplicidade e natureza n?o-invasiva. Este trabalho trata da an?lise ac?stica de sinais de vozes afetadas por patologias na laringe, especificamente, edemas e n?dulos nas pregas vocais. A proposta deste trabalho ? desenvolver um sistema de classifica??o de vozes para auxiliar no pr?-diagn?stico de patologias na laringe, bem como no acompanhamento de tratamentos farmacol?gicos e p?s-cir?rgicos. Os coeficientes de Predi??o Linear (LPC), Coeficientes Cepstrais de Freq??ncia Mel (MFCC) e os coeficientes obtidos atrav?s da Transformada Wavelet Packet (WPT) s?o aplicados para extra??o de caracter?sticas relevantes do sinal de voz. ? utilizada para a tarefa de classifica??o M?quina de Vetor de Suporte (SVM), a qual tem como objetivo construir hiperplanos ?timos que maximizem a margem de separa??o entre as classes envolvidas. O hiperplano gerado ? determinado pelos vetores de suporte, que s?o subconjuntos de pontos dessas classes. De acordo com o banco de dados utilizado neste trabalho, os resultados apresentaram um bom desempenho, com taxa de acerto de 98,46% para classifica??o de vozes normais e patol?gicas em geral, e 98,75% na classifica??o de patologias entre si: edemas e n?dulos

Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka folkhögskoledeltagares sociala representationer om högskola och universitet. Enligt teorin om sociala representationer är folkhögskoledeltagarnas sociala representationer om högskola och universitet något som skapas socialt och förändras beroende på deltagarnas erfarenheter av högskola och universitet. Avhandlingen syftar också till att undersöka dessa sociala representationers ursprung och framväxt, liksom om de har påverkats av andra sociala representationer exempelvis dem om folkhögskolans särart. För att identifiera folkhögskole­deltagarnas sociala identitet och sociala representationer har jag använt mig av empiriska data insamlat genom fria associationer och intervjuer med folkhögskoledeltagare och före detta folkhögskoledeltagare. För att undersöka representationernas ursprung har jag genomfört en dokument­studie på folkhögskolelärarnas tidskrift. Resultaten visar att folkhögskolans företrädare genom hela folkhögskolans historia har förhållit sig till två huvudidéer, den om folkhögskolans särart och den om att folkhögskolan är en institution som anpassar sig efter det omkringliggande samhället och dess krav. Dessa båda idéer förklarar varför olika sociala identiteter och olika sociala representa­tioner existerar bland folkhögskoledeltagarna. Grundidén att folkhögskolan har en särart leder till representationer om folkhögskolan som ett alternativ till annan utbildning och högskola och universitet som något som inte är likt folkhögskola. Den andra grundläggande idén om folkhögskolan som en institution som ständigt anpassar sig leder till representationer om folkhögskolan som en andra chans och högskolan som mål. / The thesis aims to investigate folk high school participants’ social representations of university. According to the theory of social representa­tions, folk high school participants’ social representations of university are created socially and change depending on their experiences of university. The thesis also aims to investigate the origins of these social representations and how they have developed over time, as well as whether and how these rep­resent­ations have been affected by other social representa­tions, such as those of the distinctive character of folk high school. In order to identify folk high schools participants’ social identities and social rep­resenta­tions, I have made use of empirical data collected through free associa­tions and interviews with folk high school participants and former folk high school participants. To discover the origin of the representations and how they developed over time, I conducted a document study of an important folk high school teacher magazine. The results show that throughout the history of folk high schools, the institution has remained true to two basic ideas. These two fundamental ideas explain why different social identities and different representa­tions exist among the participants. The idea of folk high school as something different and special, leads to representations of folk high school as an alternative to other forms of education and to representations of university as some­­thing unlike folk high school. The second idea – that folk high school must adapt to the surrounding community – leads to representations of folk high school as a second chance and social representations of university as a goal.

Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka folkhögskoledeltagares sociala representationer om högskola och universitet. Enligt teorin om sociala representationer är folkhögskoledeltagarnas sociala representationer om högskola och universitet något som skapas socialt och förändras beroende på deltagarnas erfarenheter av högskola och universitet. Avhandlingen syftar också till att undersöka dessa sociala representationers ursprung och framväxt, liksom om de har påverkats av andra sociala representationer exempelvis dem om folkhögskolans särart. För att identifiera folkhögskole­deltagarnas sociala identitet och sociala representationer har jag använt mig av empiriska data insamlat genom fria associationer och intervjuer med folkhögskoledeltagare och före detta folkhögskoledeltagare. För att undersöka representationernas ursprung har jag genomfört en dokument­studie på folkhögskolelärarnas tidskrift. Resultaten visar att folkhögskolans företrädare genom hela folkhögskolans historia har förhållit sig till två huvudidéer, den om folkhögskolans särart och den om att folkhögskolan är en institution som anpassar sig efter det omkringliggande samhället och dess krav. Dessa båda idéer förklarar varför olika sociala identiteter och olika sociala representa­tioner existerar bland folkhögskoledeltagarna. Grundidén att folkhögskolan har en särart leder till representationer om folkhögskolan som ett alternativ till annan utbildning och högskola och universitet som något som inte är likt folkhögskola. Den andra grundläggande idén om folkhögskolan som en institution som ständigt anpassar sig leder till representationer om folkhögskolan som en andra chans och högskolan som mål. / The thesis aims to investigate folk high school participants’ social representations of university. According to the theory of social representa­tions, folk high school participants’ social representations of university are created socially and change depending on their experiences of university. The thesis also aims to investigate the origins of these social representations and how they have developed over time, as well as whether and how these rep­resent­ations have been affected by other social representa­tions, such as those of the distinctive character of folk high school. In order to identify folk high schools participants’ social identities and social rep­resenta­tions, I have made use of empirical data collected through free associa­tions and interviews with folk high school participants and former folk high school participants. To discover the origin of the representations and how they developed over time, I conducted a document study of an important folk high school teacher magazine. The results show that throughout the history of folk high schools, the institution has remained true to two basic ideas. These two fundamental ideas explain why different social identities and different representa­tions exist among the participants. The idea of folk high school as something different and special, leads to representations of folk high school as an alternative to other forms of education and to representations of university as some­­thing unlike folk high school. The second idea – that folk high school must adapt to the surrounding community – leads to representations of folk high school as a second chance and social representations of university as a goal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HelianaBS_da_capa_ate_cap4.pdf: 2361373 bytes, checksum: 3e1e43e8ba1aadc274663b8b8e3de72f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The skin cancer is the most common of all cancers and the increase of its incidence must, in part, caused by the behavior of the people in relation to the exposition to the sun. In Brazil, the non-melanoma skin cancer is the most incident in the majority of the regions. The dermatoscopy and videodermatoscopy are the main types of examinations for the diagnosis of dermatological illnesses of the skin. The field that involves the use of computational tools to help or follow medical diagnosis in dermatological injuries is seen as very recent. Some methods had been proposed for automatic classification of pathology of the skin using images. The present work has the objective to present a new intelligent methodology for analysis and classification of skin cancer images, based on the techniques of digital processing of images for extraction of color characteristics, forms and texture, using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) and learning techniques called Support Vector Machine (SVM). The Wavelet Packet Transform is applied for extraction of texture characteristics in the images. The WPT consists of a set of base functions that represents the image in different bands of frequency, each one with distinct resolutions corresponding to each scale. Moreover, the characteristics of color of the injury are also computed that are dependants of a visual context, influenced for the existing colors in its surround, and the attributes of form through the Fourier describers. The Support Vector Machine is used for the classification task, which is based on the minimization principles of the structural risk, coming from the statistical learning theory. The SVM has the objective to construct optimum hyperplanes that represent the separation between classes. The generated hyperplane is determined by a subset of the classes, called support vectors. For the used database in this work, the results had revealed a good performance getting a global rightness of 92,73% for melanoma, and 86% for non-melanoma and benign injuries. The extracted describers and the SVM classifier became a method capable to recognize and to classify the analyzed skin injuries / O c?ncer de pele ? o mais comum de todos os c?nceres e o aumento da sua incid?ncia deve-se, em parte, ao comportamento das pessoas em rela??o ? exposi??o ao sol. No Brasil, o c?ncer de pele n?o melanoma ? o mais incidente na maioria das regi?es. A dermatoscopia e ideodermatoscopia s?o os principais tipos de exames para o diagn?stico de doen?as da pele dermatol?gicas. O campo que envolve o uso de ferramentas computacionais para o aux?lio ou acompanhamento do diagn?stico m?dico em les?es dermatol?gicas ainda ? visto como muito recente. V?rios m?todos foram propostos para classifica??o autom?tica de patologias da pele utilizando imagens. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma nova metodologia inteligente para an?lise e classifica??o de imagens de c?ncer de pele, baseada nas t?cnicas de processamento digital de imagens para extra??o de caracter?sticas de cor, forma e textura, utilizando a Transformada Wavelet Packet (TWP) e a t?cnicas de aprendizado de m?quina denominada M?quina de Vetor de Suporte (SVM Support Vector Machine). A Transformada Wavelet Packet ? aplicada para extra??o de caracter?sticas de textura nas imagens. Esta consiste de um conjunto de fun??es base que representa a imagem em diferentes bandas de freq??ncia, cada uma com resolu??es distintas correspondente a cada escala. Al?m disso, s?o calculadas tamb?m as caracter?sticas de cor da les?o que s?o dependentes de um contexto visual, influenciada pelas cores existentes em sua volta, e os atributos de forma atrav?s dos descritores de Fourier. Para a tarefa de classifica??o ? utilizado a M?quina de Vetor de Suporte, que baseia-se nos princ?pios da minimiza??o do risco estrutural, proveniente da teoria do aprendizado estat?stico. A SVM tem como objetivo construir hiperplanos ?timos que apresentem a maior margem de separa??o entre classes. O hiperplano gerado ? determinado por um subconjunto dos pontos das classes, chamado vetores de suporte. Para o banco de dados utilizado neste trabalho, os resultados apresentaram um bom desempenho obtendo um acerto global de 92,73% para melanoma, e 86% para les?es n?o-melanoma e benigna. O potencial dos descritores extra?dos aliados ao classificador SVM tornou o m?todo capaz de reconhecer e classificar as les?es analisadas