This study examined the effects of volunteer counselor training (empathy training versus information only) and age of volunteer (senior citizens versus adolescents) upon depression level of nursing home residents. Results showed that residents who received a volunteer counselor significantly improved (p < .01) in level of depression compared to the no volunteer control group. The empathy trained counselors were not significantly more effective than the information only group. The age of the. volunteer counselor was found not to be a significant variable.

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the factors that motivate the Primary Health Care Nurses to render quality care in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality Health Care Facilities (in the Northern Region). The Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality is located in Gauteng, South Africa. To achieve this, a quantitative, descriptive research study was undertaken. A purposive and voluntary sample of (n=54) Primary Health Care Nurses with two or more years’ experience of working in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, in the Northern Region, participated in the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Findings from the study indicated those factors that enhance the motivation of the Primary Health Care Nurses and those factors which may demotivate them. The findings further revealed the need for greater motivation for the Primary Health Care Nurses. Based on the study results, guidelines and recommendations were formulated according to the manner in which these nurses’ motivation may be implemented and improved / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

The basic theoretical basis: According to demographic development the average and maximum lifespan prolongs. Therefore global population spends a bigger part of adulthood in their old age. This phenomenon is irreversible and brings significant changes into global geriatric nursing and we need to take note of the care that is provided to old patients. The seniors form an irreplaceable and a more and more considerable part of population, they create a varied group with individual needs, priorities and demands in sickness as in health. It is the very polymorbidity of senior patients which is often the reason for a long-term hospitalization. Nowadays, for these purposes more and more beds are built in long-term care facilities (LTCF) which are officially defined as specialized medical institutions which provide care to patients whose health states cannot be substantially improved by any medical treatment as they worsen without a continuous care. The life quality of seniors and the quality of the provided care in these facilities are the main long-term care level indicators. The goals of the thesis: 1) Ascertain the life quality of seniors hospitalized in long-term care institutions. The research questions: 1) How does the hospitalization of seniors in LTCF influence their subjectively perceived quality of life? 2) In which areas do seniors hospitalized in LTCF feel the difference of life quality in LTCF and at home? 3) How are the patients in LTCF satisfied with the quality of health care? 4) Within the rise of seniors' life quality in LTCF, in which areas should the nurse improve the provided care? Methods employed: For the empirical part of the thesis the qualitative analysis of gathered data method was used. The data accumulation was implemented by semi-structured interviews with clients-patients hospitalized in LTCF. The instructions for the interviews were adopted from a QOL Research Unit life quality model of the university in Toronto. This model emphasizes the individual's relations towards the surroundings and the possibilities of maintaining and improving skills. It is divided into 3 categories - existence, togetherness and adaptability. Interview transcriptions create a part of the thesis on an enclosed CD. For illustrative purposes, the results of the research were transformed into mind maps using the XMind software. There are also annotations with respondents' quotations concerning individual map as a part of the thesis. The results: The analysis of in-depth interview gathered information brought several factors which are highly subjective and have a logical level of individuality. The results concerning the research of the seniors' life quality dimensions are more or less in agreement with the basic division found in professional literature. However, they bring a further view on these dimensions and introduce subjective opinions, wishes and evaluation of seniors who found themselves in unknown environment of LTCF. The positive influence of nurses, which often impact the satisfaction of seniors in a medical institution, proved its importance. However, it was the area of communication skills of medical staff which was mentioned as lacking or insufficient. Also the fields of free time activities, seniors' adaptation in LTCF and social isolation were found to be neglected. Conclusion: The long-term care becomes, thanks to demographic development, the most rapidly evolving kind of health care. The emphasis on life quality of hospitalized seniors, as their biggest consumers, should be a matter of course for every medical and social facility. The contribution of the thesis is in detailed mapping of the issue of life quality in LTCF, warning against lack in health care and the neglected fields of life quality.

A elevação da expectativa de vida ocasionou a expansão do contingente de idosos no mundo e ascendeu à preocupação quanto à qualidade de vida dos mesmos. Os idosos solitários geralmente permanecem sob os cuidados dos familiares, que muitas vezes carecem de tempo para os assistirem adequadamente, e assim os alocam em Instituições de Longa Permanência (ILPIs), com a certeza de que receberão uma assistência adequada. Os moradores de ILPIs em sua grande maioria apresentam o aumento do sedentarismo, maior perda de autonomia, ausência de familiares e outros fatores que contribuem para uma qualidade de vida deficiente e maior incidência de enfermidades, sobretudo mentais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos residentes em ILPIs, verificar seu estado de saúde mental e correlacionar esses dois aspectos. O estudo foi realizado em 15 ILPIs do município de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi aplicado o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) em 357 idosos para a seleção dos que seriam inclusos do estudo e foram selecionados 99, nos quais foram aplicadas as escalas: WOQOL-Bref, WOQOL-Old e Inventário de Saúde Mental (MHI). Os escores médios dos domínios do WOQOL-Bref foram: Físico 46,57, Psicológico 53,58, Relações Sociais 66,08 e Meio Ambiente 57,58, sendo o domínio que mais favoreceu a QV foi o das Relações Sociais e o que mais desfavoreceu foi o Físico. Os escores dos domínios do WOQOL-Old foram: Funcionamento Sensorial 35,86; Autonomia 43,12; Participação social 53,35; Atividades Passadas, Presentes e Futuras 59,03; Morte e Morrer 32,5 e Intimidade 72,85. A faceta que apresentou o menor escore foi Morte e Morrer seguidos de Funcionamento Sensorial e Autonomia, demonstrando que estes aspectos estão rebaixados e contribuem desfavorecendo a QV. O escore total médio obtido pelo WOQOL-Old foi de 49,46, mostrando que a QV dos idosos entrevistados não está satisfatória nem insatisfatória, em virtude principalmente de alguns aspectos, próprios do idoso, de um modo geral, que contribuem negativamente para tal resultado, como o aspecto Morte e Morrer, o Funcionamento Sensorial e a Autonomia. O escore médio total do MHI foi de 30, 70, mostrando uma saúde mental deficiente. Foram encontradas correlações moderadas entre as dimensões de QV e SM, portanto, se as dimensões da QV forem satisfatórias, as da SM tenderão também a ser e vice-versa. Conclui-se, portanto, que a qualidade de vida da população estudada é mediana e sua saúde mental deficitária, sendo assim importante se atentar tanto à qualidade de vida, quanto à saúde mental desta população, pois elas se correlacionam. / The recent rise in life expectancy has led to a higher number of elderly people in the world and brought up concerns regarding their welfare. The elderly generaly remains under their family care, alone, due to the fact that their relatives lack the time to assist them properly, which leads their families to allocate them into Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF) so that they can rest assured that they will receiver proper care. LTCF residents in general develop traits of sedentary lifestyle and become dependent, that\'s due to the absence of their relatives and other factors that lead to an impaired life with higher rates of diseases, mostly mental diseases. The goal of this research is to evaluate the life quality of LTCF residents, verify their mental health state and correlate both of these aspects. The research was conducted in 15 LTCF in the city of Ribeirão Preto, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. 357 elders went through the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to select the ones who were going to be included in this research and 99 of them were selected, in which the following scales were applied to: WOQOL-Bref, WOQOL-Old and Mental Health Inventory (MHI). The average WOQOLBref scores were: Physical 46,57, Psychological 53,58, Social Relationships 66,08 and Environmental 57,58, of which the one that favored the QV the most was Social Relationships and the least favored was the Physical domain. The WOQOL-Old domain scores were: Sensory Function 35,86; Autonomy 43,12; Social Participation 53,35; Past, Present and Future Activities 59,03; Death and Dying 32,5; Privacy 72,85. The domain with the lowest score was Death and Dying followed by Sensory Function and Autonomy, this shows that these aspects are lowered and they contribute unfavoring the QV. The average score obtained by the WOQOL-Old was 49,46, this means that the QV of the elderly interviewed is neither satisfactory nor unsatisfactory, mainly due to some aspects that are characteristic of aged people, which contribute in an unfavorable way towards the aforementioned domains (Death and Dying, Sensory Function and Autonomy). The MHI total score average was 30, 70, which means a deficient mental health. Moderate correlations were found in between the dimensions of the QV and the SM, therefore, if the dimensions of the QV are satisfactory,so are the SM dimensions and vice-versa. It can be concluded that the life quality of the population interviewed is average and their mental health is deficient, therefore it is important to look into this population\'s mental health because it is correlated to their life quality.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi estudar a afetividade de idosos residentes em InstituiÃÃes de Longa PermanÃncia, na cidade de Fortaleza â CE, sendo estas consideradas lugares de moradia para os que aà vivem. Buscou-se verificar questÃes como as polÃticas pÃblicas existentes, relacionar as condiÃÃes de moradia com o nÃvel de satisfaÃÃo dos idosos residentes, assim como avaliar seus processos de apropriaÃÃo do espaÃo e a relaÃÃo desta com o envelhecimento. Com o intuito de se ter um panorama da distribuiÃÃo das InstituiÃÃes de Longa PermanÃncia para Idosos â ILPI - existente na cidade de Fortaleza, fizeram parte do nosso campo de pesquisa um total de 21 idosos distribuÃdos em seis instituiÃÃes, sendo uma de cada Secretaria Executiva Regional â SER â que a cidade està dividida. Utilizou-se como referencial teÃrico a Psicologia Ambiental e a Psicologia Social e seus mÃtodos e tÃcnicas, como os grupos focais, as entrevistas individuais, o diÃrio de campo e o instrumento gerador dos mapas afetivos, este como mÃtodo de apreensÃo dos afetos. Por meio das imagens de agradabilidade e de pertencimento geradas foi possÃvel visualizar sentimentos e qualidades positivos dos residentes, o que revela uma estima positiva com relaÃÃo ao lugar. Jà nas categorias de pertencimento como sobrevivÃncia e pertencimento ao passado foram registrados sentimentos e qualidades despotencializadores do sujeito, o que deflagra uma estima negativa dos residentes com relaÃÃo Ãs ILPIs. Na busca de contemplar esses objetivos percebeu-se que, apesar da populaÃÃo brasileira estar em pleno processo de envelhecimento, a sociedade atual està despreparada para lidar com esse tema. As polÃticas pÃblicas existentes sÃo muito recentes e ainda estÃo em processo de implantaÃÃo. Os ÃrgÃos pÃblicos que deveriam contribuir e apoiar o desenvolvimento de instituiÃÃes como as de longa permanÃncia para idosos (ILPI) se restringem Ãs funÃÃes de cobranÃa, julgamento e multa. Percebe-se que esses idosos residentes em ILPIs estÃo desassistidos tanto no que concerne Ãs polÃticas pÃblicas, como ao apoio da famÃlia e da sociedade em geral. / The main purpose of this study was to investigate the affection of the elderly at Long Term Institutions in the city of Fortaleza - CE, which are considered dwelling places for those who live there. We verified issues such as the current public policies; housing conditions relate to the level of satisfaction of elderly residents and assess their processes of space appropriation and its relation to the aging. In order to have an overview of the Long Term Institutions distribution, in Fortaleza, a total of 21 elderly people distributed in six institutions were part of our field research, one from each Regional Executive Secretary â RES, where the city is divided. As a theoretical framework we had Environmental Psychology and Social Psychology, its methods and techniques such as focus groups, personal interviews, field diary and the instrument to generate affective maps as a method to seize emotions. Through the images of pleasantness and belonging generated we could visualize positive feelings and qualities of residents, revealing a positive esteem about the place. Regarding the categories of belonging as survival and belonging to the past we recorded feelings and qualities that weakened the person, which triggers a negative esteem of residents in relation to LTCF. Seeking to contemplate these goals we realize that, despite the Brazilian population being in full process of aging, the current society is unprepared to deal with this issue. The existing public policies are very recent and still under implementation. Governmental entities which should help and support the development of institutions such as Long Term Care Facilities for the elderly (LTCF) are only with the role of charge, prosecute and fine. We realize that these elderly residents are disadvantaged in public policy and, moreover, they have no support from family and even society in general.

Diploma thesis "Educational and activating activities of seniors in long-term care facilities in the Pilsen Region" in the theoretical part is devoted to the definition of old age and related aspects from the biological, psychological and social point of view. The thesis also deals with education and activation of seniors in the context of applied science discipline and organization in the Czech Republic within the framework of lifelong learning. Aspects of educational activities of seniors and specifics of their education and activation are also identified. The thesis also describes the best-known methods and techniques of seniors activation in long-term care facilities. In the empirical part, a questionnaire survey was carried out, in which the respondents were clients of retirement homes and patients of specialized hospital wards providing care to geriatric patients. At the same time, standardized interviews were conducted with workers who organize, secure or participate in activities focused on education and activation of their clients or patients. The aim of the thesis is to characterize aspects of the educational activities of seniors and to identify the specifics of education and activation of seniors in long-term care facilities. Based on an analysis of existing educational activities in...

Bakgrund: Att uppleva meningsfullhet i sina aktiviteter är något som arbetsterapeutyrket har kunskap om. Vad arbetsterapeuter har för arbetsuppgifter inom särskilt boende (Säbo) och hur de jobbar med att främja meningsfulla aktiviteter för personer med demenssjukdom saknas det tydliga riktlinjer om Syftet: Syftet med studien var att beskriva arbetsterapeutens roll och hur de arbetar med att främja meningsfulla aktiviteter för personer med demenssjukdom på särskilt boende. Metod: I studien användes en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta arbetsterapeuter som arbetar inom Säbo intervjuades. Ett strategiskt urval användes för att rekrytera deltagare och data analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Arbetet resulterade i två kategorier och sju subkategorier. De två huvudkategorierna är arbetsterapeutens roll och meningsfulla aktiviteter. Under arbetsterapeutens roll framkom subkategorierna: Kompetens/organisation, personcentrering i aktivitet och att deltagarna saknar tid till aktiviteter. Deltagarna beskrev att arbetsterapeutens roll ser olika ut beroende på uppdrag och att arbetsterapeuterna har vilja och kompetens för att främja meningsfulla aktiviteter på Säbo för personer med demenssjukdom. Den andra huvudkategorin meningsfulla aktiviteter innehåller subkategorierna: Identifiera meningsfulla aktiviteter, främja meningsfulla aktiviteter och att småsaker ger meningsfullhet samt att miljön påverkar meningsfulla aktiviteter. Deltagarna kunde främja meningsfulla aktiviteter genom intervjuer, lyssna på levnadsberättelse, göra aktiviteter i dagliga livet (ADL) bedömning och närvaron med personen för att identifiera vad som är viktigt för den här personen. Slutsats: Arbetsterapeuter kan genom att jobba personcentrerat och jobba i team främja meningsfulla aktiviteter på Säbo för personer med demenssjukdom. För att kunna uppnå detta behöver arbetsterapeuten och teamet jobba mot samma mål. / Background: Experiencing meaningfulness in activities is something that the occupational therapist profession has knowledge of. There are no clear guidelines on what occupational therapists have to do in residential care facilities and how they work to promote meaningful activities for people with dementia. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the role of occupational therapists and how they work to promote meaningful activities for people with dementia in residential care facilities. Method: The study used a qualitative approach with semistructured interviews. Eight occupational therapists who work within residential care facilities were interviewed. Strategic sampling was used to recruit participants and data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Result: The study resulted in two categories and seven subcategories. The two main categories are the occupational therapist's role and meaningful activities. Under the occupational therapist's role, the subcategories emerged: Competence/organization, person-centered in activity and that the participants lack time for activities. The participants described that the occupational therapist's role can look different depending on the assignment and that the occupational therapists have a desire and competence to promote meaningful activities at residential care facilities for people with dementia. The second main category of meaningful activities contains the subcategories: Identify meaningful activities, promote meaningful activities, small things give meaning, and that the environment affects meaningful activities. Participants were able to promote meaningful activities through interviews, listening to life stories, doing activities of daily living (ADL) assessment, being present with the person to identify what is important to this person. Conclusion: By working person-centered and working in teams, occupational therapists can promote meaningful activities at residential care facilities for people with dementia. In order to achieve this, the occupational therapist and the team need to work towards the same goal.

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No / India, the world's largest democracy and second most populous country, is in the midst of an economic boom with gross domestic product growth averaging nearly 8% over the past several years despite a worldwide recession. The World Health Organization (WHO) has predicted that trauma case related deaths in India will move from ninth position up to the third position by 2020. The organization structure for an improved national trauma system in India will depend on a national inclusive strategy supported by resources and funding within a service quality framework to win public trust. This must include an integrated nationally coordinated approach to the organization of pre-hospital care facilities, hospital networking and communication systems, and the organization of in-hospital care.