The objection of this dissertation is to examine effects of stowed cargo on safety driving of a vehicle. Based on general experience of weighing trucks and monitoring of cargo fixture, my attempt was to summarize related legislative conditions of the operation of trucks in terms of payload, weighing and stowing of cargo. In the first part I worked on consistent methodology of stowing and fastening of cargo on trucks. I've included various methods of loading cargo and different ways of fastening and their calculations. The main body of the second part is a practical methodology of inspectional weighing of trucks on the road. In this section I took into account the current method and procedure of inspectional weighing and measuring of trucks. During my trial weighing of different types of trucks I proved that the key factor for safe seating and lashing of load on a vehicle is determining center of gravity of the vehicle. I solve this problem in detail in the last part of my work.

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Sverige har Europas äldsta C-130 Herculesflotta, nationellt benämnt Transportflygplan 84, som ska bytas ut innan 2030 på grund av ökande underhållskostnader. Det har ännu inte identifierats eller beslutats om en lämplig ersättare till TP 84. Detta arbete studerar the fiktiva scenariot av införskaffning och implementering av ett större transportflygplan än TP 84 för att användas i taktiska operationer. Arbetet svarar på frågan Hur påverkas Försvarsmakten av införskaffandet av ett stort transportflygplan med hänsyn till effekt, lämplighet och ekonomisk överkomlighet? Detta ämnas besvaras genom att applicera teorin om militär nytta på flygplanet C-130J Super Hercules, som är i motsvarande storlek som TP 84 samt C-17 Globemaster III som är större och vanligtvis används till strategiska operationer. Syftet med arbetet uppnås genom insamlad empiri från dokumentstudier från både officiella dokument, tidigare studier och elektroniska dokument som kompletteras av en intervju med en före detta överste vid svenska transport- och specialflygsdivisionen. Arbetets slutsats är att en implementering av ett större transportflygplan påverkar Sveriges transportflygsförmåga negativt. Ett flygplan i motsvarande storlek som TP 84 är att föredra för taktiska operationer. Arbetet bidrar även med två förbättringspunkter till teorin om militär nytta där dimensionen Ekonomisk Överkomlighet föreslås få större inverkan på den slutgiltiga bedömningen samt att lägga till ytterligare en indikator under dimensionen Militär Lämplighet som bör beröra området politik. / Sweden currently operates the oldest C-130 Hercules fleet in Europe which is to be replaced before 2030 due to rising maintenance costs. A suitable military cargo aircraft has not yet been identified nor decided upon. This report studies the fictional case of acquiring and implementing a larger aircraft than the C-130H Hercules for use in tactical operations. The report answers the question How would an implementation of a large military cargo aircraft affect the Swedish Armed Forces regarding military effect, military suitability and economic affordability? This question aims to examine the implementation by applying the theory of Military Utility on the C-130J Super Hercules which has a size comparable to C-130H Hercules and the C-17 Globemaster III which is larger and commonly used for strategic airlift. The purpose of this study is achieved by gathering empirical data by using documentary studies from both official government documents, previous studies and electronic documents as well as from an interview with a former Air Force Colonel responsible for the development of the Swedish airlift squadron. The author concludes that the implementation of a larger aircraft negatively impacts the airlift capabilities. An aircraft in the same size as C-130H Hercules is preferred for tactical operations. This report also contributes with two key points to improve the theory of military utility by giving the dimension Economic Affordability a larger impact in the final judgement as well as implementing an additional indicator to the dimension Military Suitability, named political.

Uppsalas nya konstmuseum har fått sina proportioner från det som redan innan fanns på platsen. Godsmagasinet, en låg avlång tegelbyggnad från 1908, har gett det nya museet dess form. Magasinet och museet sträcker ut sig längs varandra. Mellan dem byggs ett nytt torg på vad som tidigare var en parkeringsplats. I båda ändarna av byggnaderna leder trappor upp till torget som är upphöjt en bit ovanför trotoaren, i samma höjd som godsmagasinets gamla lastkaj. Idag inrymmer magasinet ett kafé, två butiker och en jazzklubb. Platsen ligger lite avsides men genomkorsas varje dag av människor som ska till och från Uppsalas centralstation och till den nybyggda konsert- och kongressbyggnaden. Konstmuseet och det nya torget interagerar med dessa rörelser. Torget befolkas vid olika tider på dygnet tack vare variationen av verksamheter. Entrén till museet ligger på torget. Denna södervända fasad är i stort sett sluten bortsett från en rad av djupa öppningar i marknivå. Det är fönster som leder in till museets entré. Öppningarna omgärdas av fönsterluckor, eller portar, i mässing som reflekterar soljuset mot den skuggiga delen av torget. / The art museum is located near the central train station in Uppsala, next to an old cargo warehouse. The warehouse was built in 1908 and is constructed out of bricks and a wooden framework that holds up the roof. Today it houses a popular jazz club, a café and two gift stores. My addition consists of the art museum that is of exactly the same length as the warehouse, and a square between the two buildings that is elevated 1.2 m above the street level, the same height as the old loading dock of the warehouse. The museum is reached from the square. The entrances are framed by brass gates that reflect the sun light to the shaded side of the square. The façade is cladded in Bed Roach Portland stone, a material that makes a heavy and strict appearance. It is also a material that reacts to weather and pollution (weathering).

The expected economic and social growth, joint with the increase on the demand of services and goods that this will cause, will become an environmental problem (emissions and noise) as well as a logistical problem (congestion) that needs to be solved. The transport sector has to reduce drastically the use of fossil fuels and Sweden’s goal is to achieve a fossil independent vehicle fleet by 2030. It is expected that 2/3 of the traffic volume of trucks in Sweden will be performed along electrified roads. The most efficient way to achieve this is to use electricity and now that the technology to power trucks without the need of huge batteries has been tested and approved, is time to develop the infrastructure needed and study its impact in transportation and logistics. An electric road is planned to be operative around 2020 from Rosersberg logistics hub to Arlanda airport cargo city. The objective is to transfer goods from the logistic area to the freight terminal by the use of electric trucks. It will optimize the transit of logistics flow in the area, reduce emissions and release the traffic pressures on E4 at the same time. Arlanda airport used to have a restriction on the emission rate of all the companies operating inside Arlanda, the emissions of the trucks that drive the cargo outside Arlanda was also taken into account. This means that in order to be below the maximum levels, the high ground transport emissions limited the number of planes that could fly. Affecting therefore the capacity of handling bigger volumes and passengers. So in order to prevent this situation from happening again in the future (more environmental restrictions will appear) the best solution for all the parts involved is to give priority to sustainability in transport planning. The aim of this project is to come up with conclusions and forecasts of the whole transportation network according to the logistics needs, by analysing the economic, environmental and logistic impacts of using the El-road. The result expected is to provide a clearer overall picture of the logistic flows between Rosersberg, Arlanda Airport, Gavle container and nearby locations, such as Stockholm or Uppsala. As well as analyse the possible scenarios that might develop once the El-road is operating. Due to the nature of our data we decided to use qualitative and subjective methods rather than quantitative ones. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process, Saaty 1970), will enable us to derive ratio scales from paired comparisons by defining the different criteria (cost, time, operations and sustainability) and assigning values to their respective sub criteria. These values will be assigned by each of the companies working inside Arlanda, since the goal is to define the best possible scenario for them in the future. The other method we will use is the decision tree analysis, this model of decisions and possible consequences that can occur will show a graph of all the variables that must be taken into account while defining the issues that will lead to one scenario or another. We consider it the best method to analyse and show how many facts can affect the final scenario outcome of this project.

Secondhand ship is an option to improve marine business competitiveness. It provides a way for ship owners to integrate customer market rapidly without spending many resources on producing new ships. However, secondhand ships that perfectly suit owner's requirements becomes unavoidable challenge. Ship owners may decide to modify their ships to completely fulfill their requirements. A modification method that is often implemented is cargo replacement as observed from customer and global trends. It impacts ship stability due to different cargo properties which leads to different ship physical properties, such as position of center of gravity and buoyancy. Due to this impact, some ships may have excessive or reduced stability which causes potential damages. To ensure that cargo replacement does not negatively impact ship stability, it is evaluated according to the stability regulation of International Maritime Organization and classification society. A cement carrier vessel named MV Cemfjord is used as an example ship. The cargo is replaced from cement (ρ=1.35 tons/m3) to iron ore (ρ=3.03 tons/m3) and fly ash (ρ=0.794 ton/m3). Some modifications such as cargo position and total payload weight will be adjusted to some requirements. After implementing those modifications, some stability issues due to ship center of gravity shifting are considered. Therefore, the possibility of excessive and reduced stability may follow because of this effect. This study will investigate those stability issues and define the solution to overcome them. In this study, two solutions are offered. Firstly, the ship center of gravity is adjusted bymodifying the general arrangement. Other solution is conducted through adjusting the ship center of buoyancy by adding sponsons that affects buoyancy force on the ship hull. After defining the solution, it will be visualized into physical manners, in form of the new general arrangement or the sponsons dimension. Advantages and disadvantages of the chosen solution will also be discussed. / Andrahandsmarknaden för skepp är ett alternativ för sjöfartsindustrin att öka sin konkurrenskraft. Det ger möjligheten att etablera verksamheten på nya marknader utan att behöva bygga nya skepp. Utmaningen med detta är att hitta andrahandsskepp som kan möta kravspecifikationen som den nya ägaren ställer. En modifikation som ofta implementeras är byte av frakt gods för att tillgodose kunder och globala trender. Däremot påverkar lastens olika egenskaper stabiliteten i fartyget genom att masscentrum och flytkraftscentrum förskjuts. Detta är något som kan skada fartygen. För att undvika negativa konsekvenser från lastersättningen utreds den utifrån regler som är bestämda utav International Maritime Organization och klassificeringssällskap. Fartyget MV Cemfjord används som exempelskepp under den här studien. Ursprungligen är det ett fartyg som fraktar cement (ρ=1.35 ton/m3). I den här studien byts lasten ut till järnmalm (ρ= 3.03 ton/m3) och flyg aska (ρ=0.794 ton/m3). Modifikationer rörande lastpositionen och maximal lastkapacitet kommer göras för att möta vissa krav. Efter implementeringen kommer hänsyn tas till förskjutningen av fartygets masscentrum utifrån ett stabilitetshänseende. Studien kommer utreda och presentera lösningar för att komma till rätta med dessa problem. Två lösningar presenteras. Den första lösningen går ut på att flytta fartygets masscentrum genom att ändra fartygets generella layout. Den andra lösningen går ut på att förändra fartygets flytkraftscentrum. Detta görs genom att montera volymer på sidan av fartyget (eng. sponsons) som förändrar fartygets flytkraft. När lösningarna definierats kommer de visualiseras för att jämföra skillnader i fartygets yttre dimensioner. Fördelar och nackdelar med de två alternativen diskuteras också.

El presente trabajo de investigación, se basa en el accionar de los órganos disciplinarios del sistema policial, el cual tiene base legal en la Ley Nº30714 norma que regula el régimen disciplinario de la PNP, establece un conjunto de órganos pertenecientes al Ministerio del Interior y a la Policía Nacional del Perú, que forman parte del sistema disciplinario policial, siendo la Inspectoría General de la PNP a través de sus Oficinas de Disciplina tienen como función la correcta adecuación de las conductas funcionales indebidas en las que recaen sus miembros, a las infracciones contra la imagen institucional previstas y tipificadas en el Anexo II de la tabla de infracciones y sanciones graves de la mencionada norma legal. Empero, las infracciones señaladas son demasiado genéricas o amplias, por lo que al no estar debidamente enmarcadas o delimitadas, son los órganos de investigación quienes terminan aplicando la discrecionalidad administrativa con la finalidad de adecuar las conductas o actos a dichas infracciones; discrecionalidad que en muchas oportunidades terminan siendo arbitrarias, por lo que resulta necesario establecer parámetros delimitativos que coadyuven a una debida adecuación de las conductas indebidas en la que se encontrarían inmersos personal de la Policía Nacional del Perú que dañen la imagen institucional. Palabras clave: discrecionalidad/ tipicidad/infracción/ imagen institutional / This research work is based on the actions of the disciplinary bodies of the police system, which has a legal basis in Law No. 30714, a norm that regulates the disciplinary regime of the PNP, establishes a set of bodies belonging to the Ministry of the Interior and the National Police of Peru, which are part of the police disciplinary system, being the PNP General Inspector's Office through its Discipline Offices, their function is the correct adaptation of the undue functional behaviors in which their members fall, to the infractions against the institutional image provided for and classified in Annex II of the table of serious infractions and sanctions of the aforementioned legal regulation. However, the aforementioned offenses are too generic or broad, so as they are not properly framed or delimited, it is the investigative bodies who end up applying administrative discretion in order to adapt the behaviors or acts to said offenses; discretion that in many opportunities end up being arbitrary, which is why it is necessary to establish delimiting parameters that contribute to a proper adaptation of the misconduct in which personnel of the National Police of Peru would be immersed that damage the institutional image.

The growing population of cities and the rise of e-commerce are increasing the transportation of both goods and people. This can generate problems such as traffic jams, increased pollution, and lower living standards for citizens. To reduce the negative impacts, a change in last mile mobility could be made, replacing traditional combustion vehicles with electric ones or, ideally, with bikes and cargo bikes.  This thesis examines the case of the Swedish cities of Gävle and Uppsala, trying to explain how the last mile affects the lives of their inhabitants, if and why electric vehicles and cargo bikes are implemented (or not), and how authorities can promote their use. For this purpose, after a literature review, some questions were developed, and seven city managers were interviewed: five from Gävle and two from Uppsala.  The study shows that city managers are aware of the impacts that the last mile, and mobility in general, has on its inhabitants, and of the need for a shift towards a more sustainable mobility. Despite this awareness, policy makers are not doing everything possible to accelerate the transition. According to city managers, both the public and private sector advocate more for a change of energy source (from combustion to electric vehicles) rather than a model change using bikes. In addition, the study shows the opportunities that the new model based on non-traditional vehicles can offer and the barriers that prevent its implementation. Finally, different measures that could make cities more sustainable are proposed.

A study was conducted to set up an automated system for the use of industrial robots in frequently changing palletizing applications. The system consists of an industrial robot (IBM Manufacturing System 7545), an IBM PC, a gripper carousel storage system, a quick-change mechanism, and a robot gripper. The system is set up to enable a minimum of operator intervention. Hardware aspects (quick-change mechanism and gripper storage) as well as dynamic software generation for different palletizing applications were considered in the research project. The research effort involved both software and hardware developments. A FORTRAN program was developed to generate pallet patterns based on dynamic input of package and platform parameters. The geometric pattern was then used to create an appropriate AML/E program to drive the robot through the desired motion sequence. This program was then compiled and downloaded to the robot. Hardware aspects of the research were focused on the development of a system to permit dynamic changing of end of arm tooling. This included the development of a quick-change mechanism and a gripper carousel storage system. The quick-change mechanism included interfaces for electronic signals, air, and vacuum lines. A vacuum gripper was also designed for package handling. / M.S.

Wasaline is a shipping company that has automated their check-in process for trucks carrying cargo. This increased effectiveness and provided a better experience for drivers. To make sure that the new system was as effective as possible, the user experience of the check-in automats also had to be as good as possible. Their design, usability, and performance were evaluated based on research and ISO 25022:2016 Quality-in-Use to find issues and potential improvements. This was also backed by data collected from log files during the automated check-in process that could be compared with the old manual check-in process along with a heuristic evaluation of the system. Finally, interviews were conducted with truck drivers and staff members to get their perspective. Potential solutions to these problems were presented as a prototype that illustrates how improvements could be implemented while keeping the company’s original design.