O objetivo desta tese é compreender, por meio de um exame etnográfico, o lugar que o ritual carnaval ocupa na vida sociocosmológica do povo indígena Chiquitano que vive na fronteira do Brasil com a Bolívia. Carnaval é o nome da festa e da entidade sobrenatural que desperta acionada pelo som dos instrumentos musicais, do local onde foi enterrado, a fim de pôr em relação seres humanos e não humanos por meio da Alegria. A festa é realizada na mesma data do carnaval ocidental, contudo há um calendário ritual próprio que marca o fim e o início do ciclo anual. Os mitos chiquitano narram que o dilúvio de Água teria ocorrido no terceiro dia do carnaval, por acreditarem que o mundo é periodicamente destruído, mas se forma novamente e, com ele, homens e mulheres se fabricam a partir da transformação do planeta. A festa reúne famílias da aldeia e parentes de localidades vizinhas para dançar, beber chicha, fazer o viva, comer junto e brincar. Através do carnaval, os Chiquitano explicam seus mitos, domesticam os seres patogênicos que provocam doenças nas famílias, transformam as relações entre os humanos para a produção política de uma nova ordem social chiquitano pautada nas regras de respeito e evitação. / This thesis aims at understanding, through an ethnographic examination, the place that the Carnival ritual holds in the sociocosmological life of the Chiquitano indigenous people who live on the border of Brazil and Bolivia. Carnival is the name of the festival and the supernatural entity which is awoken by the sound of musical instruments of the place where it was buried, in order to bring humans and non-humans relation through Happiness. This festival is held in the same date of the Western Carnival; however they have their own ritual calendar which establishes the end and the beginning of the annual cycle. The chiquitano myths narrate that the Deluge would have occurred on the third Day of the Carnival because they believed that the world is periodically destroyed, but it is formed again and, with it, men and women are created from the transformation of the planet. The event brings together families from the village and relatives from the neighboring communities to dance, drink chicha, celebrate Life, eat together and play. Through Carnival, the Chiquitano explain their myths, domesticate the pathogenic beings which provoke diseases in families, change the relationships between humans for the political production of a new chiquitano social order based on the rules of respect and avoidance.

Orientador: Zélia Lopes da Silva / Banca: Helenise Monteiro Guimarães / Banca: Lucia Helena Oliveira Silva / Resumo: Os carnavais realizados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1979 e 1989 foram marcados, no que tange aos desfiles das escolas de samba, por enredos que abordaram aspectos variados da sociedade brasileira pelo viés crítico. Nesse sentido, é preciso considerar a conjuntura de grande mobilização civil e de importantes transformações políticas, econômicas e sociais que marcaram profundamente esse período, além das inovações na própria organização dos concursos carnavalescos. O objetivo desta pesquisa concentra-se em compreender as diferentes nuances desses carnavais e a atuação das escolas de samba frente ao processo de abertura política e transição democrática, considerando dois momentos distintos que o recorte proposto abarca: o primeiro momento refere-se ao período em que o país ainda estava sob o signo de uma ditadura (1979-1985) e o segundo já sob a luz de um novo regime democrático (1986-1989). Para tal intento, este estudo apoia-se em um conjunto variado de fontes - que inclui letras de sambas-enredo, sinopses de enredos, a cobertura feita pela imprensa periódica, além de imagens e depoimentos orais / Abstract: The carnival parades, which occurred in Rio de Janeiro between 1979 and 1989, were distinguished by their critical themes about the Brazilian society. Besides the changes in the organization of the carnival competitions, this scenario took the civil mobilization, as well as the social, economic and political changes into account. Thus, the object of this research aims at not only understanding the different aspects of these events, but also the Samba school's involvement with the political openness and democratization, taking into consideration two different moments: the first one when the dictatorship ruled Brazil (1979-1985), and the second one when democracy finally takes place (1986-1989). For this purpose, this academic study is based on a set of different sources, such as samba theme songs, samba theme synopsis, the press media coverage, as well as pictures and talks / Mestre

published_or_final_version / Literary Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Literary Studies / Master / Master of Arts

In the age of an overworked society, struggling to emotionally connect, play is essential. Ludic Landscapes, explores the reenchantment of undervalued landscapes, in particular the industrial site of the Canadian Pacific Railway yards in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. If carnivals are landscapes devoted to play, as rail yards are landscapes devoted to work and industry, what happens when play is brought into a landscape of work? This practicum examines how ludic activities can be integrated into a landscape previously devoted to work - resulting in a reenchantment of an industrial landscape. The term reenchantment implies a positive change in perspective, an emergence of magic, toward something formerly disregarded. The explorations of undervalued and overlooked landscapes within the urban environment begin to unearth a curious history. Many carnival rides of the past germinate from technology developed for work, industry and progress. When the carnival is liberated of its artifice, its heart is shown to be machine technology utilized for work. It is possible to put these amusement rides through one more evolution, to make them not only fun, but also functional. The marriage of work and play results in remediating and reenchanting the landscape through ludic activity, spectacle and wonder. This is a poetic act.

This dissertation uses “Derby Cruising” in order to open up the tension between African Americans in Louisville and the Kentucky Derby Festival, especially as that tension was manifest in the spaces of West Louisville. The Kentucky Derby Festival has long served as a site of mediation between people of color and official Louisville. Derby Cruising (1998-2005) and protests around the open housing movement (1967) and anti-police violence (2000) are presented as three critical sites where African American expressions of identity, representation, and belonging have been negotiated through the Kentucky Derby Festival at particular historical moments and in particular places in the city. The dissertation assumes the place of these negotiations in the politics of racialization processes. It employs theories of “festival” and “carnival” inspired by the work of Bahktin, Hall, Nurse, and others in order to conceptualize transgression, protest, and community representation and highlights the importance of festival times as a critical opportunity for marginalized populations to assert a political voice, especially within African American communities. The cases are presented with information drawn from interviews with West Louisville residents, community leaders, and other affiliated officials, as well as from newspaper, media and archival sources.

In the age of an overworked society, struggling to emotionally connect, play is essential. Ludic Landscapes, explores the reenchantment of undervalued landscapes, in particular the industrial site of the Canadian Pacific Railway yards in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. If carnivals are landscapes devoted to play, as rail yards are landscapes devoted to work and industry, what happens when play is brought into a landscape of work? This practicum examines how ludic activities can be integrated into a landscape previously devoted to work - resulting in a reenchantment of an industrial landscape. The term reenchantment implies a positive change in perspective, an emergence of magic, toward something formerly disregarded. The explorations of undervalued and overlooked landscapes within the urban environment begin to unearth a curious history. Many carnival rides of the past germinate from technology developed for work, industry and progress. When the carnival is liberated of its artifice, its heart is shown to be machine technology utilized for work. It is possible to put these amusement rides through one more evolution, to make them not only fun, but also functional. The marriage of work and play results in remediating and reenchanting the landscape through ludic activity, spectacle and wonder. This is a poetic act.

本篇論文企圖運用三種理論，包括傑克森（Rosemary Jackson）的奇幻理論、巴赫金（M. Bakhtin）的嘉年華理論、和依蕊格萊（Luce Irigaray）的假面理論 （masquerade），來分析安琪拉•卡特的《馬戲團的奇幻世界》。本篇論文討論小說中用來解構二元對立以及社會成規的的顛覆的元素。本篇論文分成五個部分來討論。 論文的第一章提供了卡特生平和三個理論的簡略的介紹。論文的第二章以傑克森的奇幻理論為基礎，探討如何以奇幻的呈現手法，達到反動的功用，以為被壓抑的族群發聲。這章也討論到傅柯（Michel Foucault）的圓形監獄的理論。而藉由奇幻理論，小說中的角色和事件，呈現出那些被歸類為不好的、被壓抑的，其實都是權力運作下所產生的。第三章以巴赫金的嘉年華理論來分析小說。文本中的馬戲團，就像是嘉年華世界的化身，充滿了不尋常的事件，舊有的觀點也一一的被挑戰。而藉由這些事件，世俗成規被顯露出來只是建構出來的，而不是本來就存在的。第四章著重於性別方面的議題。以傅柯的權力理論、巴特勒（Judith Butler）的表演理論，和依蕊格萊的假面理論來探討性別成規，以及書中如何打破這些性別成規。最後，本篇論文，以這三種理論，來顯示出小說中對二元對立的解構和對社會成規的反動。 / This thesis aims to analyze Angela Carter’s Nights at the Circus with three theories, inclusive of Rosemary Jackson’s theory of fantasy, Mikhail Bakhtin’s carnival theory, and Luce Irigaray’s theory of masquerade. The thesis discusses the blurring elements which aim to deconstruct and to denaturalize received notions and binarism. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter gives a brief introduction of Carter and three theories. The second chapter discusses the function of the fantastic as a method of revealing the repressed. In this chapter, Michel Foucault’s theory of panopticon is also discussed. Through fantastic events and characters, the novel shows that what is forbidden and repressed results from workings of power and discourse. The third chapter analyzes the novel in terms of carnival. The circus is the embodiment of a carnivalesque world in which things are turned upside down and conventional conceptions are challenged. Characters and events that happen in the circus work to reveal the constructedness of norms in society. The fourth chapter, with a focus on gender binarism, analyzes the novel in respect of the idea that gender is performative. This chapter starts with a brief introduction of Foucault’s discursive theory and Judith Butler’s theory of performativity. Then, Irigaray’s masquerade is applied so as to demonstrate the notion that gender is formed out of power relations. In conclusion, by interpreting the novel with these three theories, the thesis aims to show the constructed nature of binarism and to introduce different perspectives.

Thesis (M.A. (Hons.) - Visual Arts) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1997. / Bibliography : p. 42-45.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-210).