Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Florianópolis, 2013. / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 325329.pdf: 2175421 bytes, checksum: 4f038e08269b194ac4633e70ffdb20cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a aplicação de dióxido de carbono pressurizado como anti-solvente para o encapsulamento da bixina em poli(hidroxibutirato-co-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV). Para os experimentos de encapsulamento, utilizou-se diclorometano como solvente orgânico e dióxido de carbono como antissolvente e uma câmara de precipitação. Durante o processo de encapsulamento, os parâmetros mantidos constantes foram: vazão de solução (1,0 mL.min-1) e a vazão do antissolvente (20,0 mL.min-1), e a influência dos seguintes parâmetros foram investigados: pressão (80 a 100 bar), temperatura ( 308,5 e 313,5 K), concentração de bixina na solução orgânica (0,4 a 1,0 mg.mL-1) e concentração de PHBV na solução orgânica (1,0 a 20,0 mg.mL-1). O percentual e eficiência de encapsulamento foram determinadas submetendo as amostras do material coprecipitado à agitação manual por 20 segundos, a partir do qual foi obtido um percentual real de encapsulamento máximo e uma eficiência máxima de encapsulamento de 42,4 % e 92,0 %, respectivamente. Observou-se que tanto a pressão, temperatura, e a relação de concentração encapsulante e encapsulado na solução orgânica incial, possuem influência tanto na eficiência de encapsulamento como na morfologia das partículas. Os experimentos em que foram obtidos maiores percentuais e eficiência de encapsulamento foram selecionados para o estudo dos ensaios de liberação em meios puros (etanol, acetato de etila, acetona e éter etílico) a 28 °C ± 0,5 °C e 120 rpm. Constatou-se que em acetona o comportamento de liberação foi caracterizado por um burst inicial, na qual grande parte do princípio ativo foi liberada nos primeiros 20 minutos, onde o percentual médio máximo de liberação foi de 92,44 %. Em Acetato de etila, éter etílico e etanol os comportamentos das liberações apresentaram-se diferentes do encontrado em acetona, não sendo verificado o burst inicial. As liberações em éter etílico e etanol ocorreram mais lentamente que em acetato de etila, chegando próximo dos 600 minutos até atingir o percentual médio de liberação de 95,23 % quando o meio de dissolução era composto por etanol. Os valores de concentração dos princípios ativos liberados foram proporcionais aos percentuais reais de encapsulamento da bixina, e dependendo da polaridade do solvente onde se encontravam as partículas pode se obter uma liberação mais rápida ou mais lenta.<br> / Abstract : The objective of this study was to investigate the application of pressurized carbon dioxide as anti-solvent for the encapsulation of bixin in poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV).For the encapsulation trials, dichloromethane and carbon dioxide were used as organic solvent and as antisolvent respectively, and also a precipitation chamber. During the encapsulation process , the parameters were maintained constant: flow solution (1.0 mL.min-1) and antisolvent flow rate (20.0 ml.min-1), and the influence of the following parameters were investigated : pressure (80 to 100 bar) and temperature ( 308.5 and 313.5 K), bixin concentration of the organic solution (0.4 to 1.0 mg.mL-1) and concentration of PHBV in organic solution (1.0 to 20.0 mg.mL-1).The rate and encapsulation efficiency were determined by subjecting samples of the material to coprecipitate manual shaking for 20 seconds, from which it was obtained a percentage of actual maximum and a maximum encapsulation efficiency of encapsulation of 42.4% and 92.0%, respectively. It was observed that both the pressure, temperature, and the ratio of encapsulating and encapsulated organic concentration in the initial solution have much influence on the encapsulation efficiency and particle morphology. The experiments in which higher percentages and encapsulation efficiency were obtained were selected for the study of the release tests in pure media (ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethyl ether) at 28 ° C ± 0.5 ° C and 120 rpm . It was found that in acetone the release behavior was characterized by an initial burst, in which much of the active ingredient was released in the first 20 minutes, being 92.44 % the maximum average percentage of release. In ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and ethanol releases showed behaviors were different from those found in acetone, although the initial burst was not verified. Releases in ethyl ether and ethanol occurred more slowly than in ethyl acetate, reaching close to 600 minutes to reach the average percentage of release of 95.23 % when the dissolution medium was composed of ethanol. The concentration values of the released active ingredients were proportional to the actual percentage of encapsulation of bixin, and depending on the polarity of the solvent in which the particles were can get a faster or a slower release.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_rp_dr_botfm.pdf: 1768816 bytes, checksum: 9cf30006e86899d47a461a8d33e92140 (MD5) / É crescente o número de estudos que demonstram a importância de micronutrientes e compostos bioativos presentes nos alimentos na prevenção de diversas doenças degenerativas crônicas. Entretanto vários estudos moleculares epidemiológicos têm demonstrado que além de fatores ambientais, como a dieta, essas doenças degenerativas podem ser modulada por genes envolvidos no biometabolismo de xenobióticos, metabolismo do carbono e no reparo de DNA. Portanto, o presente estudo avaliou a possível influência do padrão alimentar e dos polimorfismos dos genes GSTP1, CYP1A1, XRCC1 e MTHFR sobre os níveis de danos oxidativos no DNA, uracilas incorporadas no DNA e eficiência do sistema de reparo de DNA em dois grupos de indivíduos residentes em Botucatu com diferentes padrões alimentares. Grupo I (GI): 87 indivíduos com alimentação rica em produtos orgânicos, grãos integrais, frutas e vegetais, e baixa ingestão de produtos industrializados; Grupo II (GII): 97 indivíduos com alimentação rica em produtos industrializados e pobres em frutas e vegetais. A quantificação do nível de danos oxidativos no DNA, uracilas incorporadas ao DNA e a eficiência do sistema reparo de DNA em linfócitos de sangue periférico, foi analisada utilizando-se o Teste do Ensaio Cometa. Os polimorfismos dos genes GSTP1, CYP1A1, XRCC1 e MTHFR foram analisados por realtime PCR. Também foi realizada a análise dos níveis de luteína, criptoxantina, -caroteno, -caroteno, licopeno, retinol e -tocoferol no plasma, pela técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC). Os indivíduos do GI apresentaram menores níveis de danos oxidativos no DNA e menores níveis de dano no DNA induzidos pela H2O2 quando comparados aos indivíduos do GII. Quanto aos subgrupos de micronutrientes: Indivíduos do subgrupo percentil 75 para todos os micronutrientes tiveram maior nível de danos no DNA do que os indivíduos... / Not available

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-08Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000793445_20161108.pdf: 44300 bytes, checksum: 1104528202f640b31f6181c040666115 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-11-16T11:41:25Z: 000793445_20161108.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-11-16T12:24:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000793445.pdf: 794571 bytes, checksum: b0bf9d63d28d7da0a2034c160d31312e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito antioxidante de extratos de pimentas vermelhas in natura do gênero Capsicum e medir a estabilidade oxidativa do óleo de soja adicionado do extrato de pimenta; além de avaliar a retenção dos tocoferóis, naturalmente presentes no óleo de soja, durante os testes de estocagem acelerada em estufa e em temperatura ambiente. Nos extratos hidroalcóolicos liofilizados das pimentas Malagueta, Cumari, Bode e Dedo-de-moça, foram avaliados a atividade antioxidante por meio dos sistemas DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl), β-caroteno/ácido linoleico, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) e ABTS·+ (2,2- azino-bis-3- ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), os teores de compostos fenólicos, carotenoides totais e ácido ascórbico. Os tratamentos: Controle (óleo de soja), TBHQ100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de TBHQ), TBHQ200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de TBHQ), BHA100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de BHA), BHA200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de BHA), Extrato100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de compostos fenólicos totais de pimenta Malagueta) e Extrato200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de compostos fenólicos totais de pimenta Malagueta), foram submetidos ao teste acelerado em estufa (60ºC/20 dias) e ao teste em temperatura ambiente (28ºC/9 meses). Os tratamentos foram analisados por meio das medidas de índice de peróxidos, dienos conjugados, índice de estabilidade oxidativa, teores de tocoferóis e ganho de massa (60ºC/30 dias). Os resultados obtidos das determinações analíticas foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças entre as médias foram testadas a 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey. As pimentas são boas fontes de ácido ascórbico, carotenoides e compostos fenólicos. Estes compostos conferem às pimentas propriedades antioxidantes, mesmo que sejam submetidos a processos de estresse oxidativo. Os extratos da pimenta Malagueta adicionados ao óleo de soja como ... / This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of extracts from red peppers of the genus Capsicum in nature and measure the oxidative stability of soybean oil added of pepper extract, as well as evaluating the resistance of tocopherols naturally present in soybean oil during the accelerated storage tests in stove and at room temperature. In the lyophilized hydroalcoholic extracts of Malagueta, Cumari, Bode, and Dedo-de-moça, the antioxidant activity, by means of antioxidant systems DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), β-carotene/linoleic acid, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), and ABTS·+ (radical 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid), and also the levels of phenolics, total carotenoids, and ascorbic acid were evaluated. Treatments: Control (soybean oil-free antioxidants), TBHQ100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/ kg TBHQ), TBHQ200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg TBHQ), BHA100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/kg BHA), BHA200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg BHA), Extract100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/kg of total phenolic compounds of Malagueta), and Extract200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg of total phenolic compounds of Malagueta) were subjected to the accelerated storage test (60°C/20 days) and to the test at room temperature (28°C/9 months). The treatments were analyzed by measuring the peroxide value, conjugated dienes, oxidative stability index, levels of tocopherols, and mass gain (60ºC/30 days). The results of analytical determinations were subjected to analysis of variance and differences between means were tested at 5% probability by Tukey test. The peppers are good sources of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. These compounds provide the peppers with antioxidant properties, even if they are subjected to oxidative stress conditions. Chilli pepper extracts added to soybean oil as natural antioxidants were capable of reducing the changes suffered by soybean oil during the storage process, thus being able to be natural ...

Orientador: Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano / Banca: Cecilio Viega Soares Filho / Banca: Otto Mack Junqueira / Resumo: A coloração da gema é dependente da absorção e da deposição dos carotenoides presentes na dieta da ave e representa uma característica sensorial de grande influência sobre a aceitabilidade do produto. O milho, ingrediente energético bastante utilizado na composição de ração de galinhas poedeiras, também apresenta potencial pigmentante, que deve ser explorado quando o objetivo é fornecer pigmentação à gema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as proporções entre pigmentos amarelos e vermelhos em rações contendo milho como principal fator energético para galinhas poedeiras visando promover a maximização da coloração de gema. Sessenta galinhas poedeiras da linhagem Dekalbe em fase de postura foram alocadas individualmente em gaiolas em galpão apropriado, onde receberam as rações experimentais durante 21 dias, com arraçoamento diário de 110 g e água à vontade. Foram aplicados 15 tratamentos, definidos por um delineamento composto central rotacional em que as variáveis estudadas foram os pigmentos amarelos provenientes dos ingredientes da ração (milho + farelo de gluten de milho), os pigmentos amarelos suplementares (luteína + zeaxantina) e os pigmentos vermelhos suplementares (cantaxantina), cada uma com três concentrações distintas. As aves foram pesadas no início e ao final do experimento e o peso dos ovos foi registrado diariamente. A cor das gemas foi determinada pelos métodos objetivo (L, a, b) e subjetivo (leque colorimétrico). A aceitação global das gemas foi determinada por meio de escala hedônica de cinco pontos. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análises de variâncias, testes de comparação de médias (teste t e teste de Dunn) e à análise de regressão pela metodologia de superfície de resposta, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. O peso final das aves e o peso dos ovos não foram influenciados pelos diferentes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The color of the egg yolk depends on the absorption and the deposition of carotenoids present in the hens' diets and represents a sensory characteristic of great impact on the product acceptance. Corn is commonly used as energy value ingredient for hens' diets formulations. Moreover, due to its additional pigmentation properties, it might be used to color egg yolk. The purpose of this research was to optimize the proportions between yellow and red pigments in hens' corn based rations to provide color maximization for yolks. Sixty Dekalbe laying hens were separately distributed in cages inside a rearing barn to receive the experimental diets for 21 days at a daily feeding of 110 g and water ad libitum. Fifteen treatments were defined by means of a central composite rotatable design in which the variables were the yellow pigments from the diets (corn + gluten meal), the yellow supplementary pigments (lutein + zeaxanthin) and the red supplementary pigments (cantaxanthin), each of them at three different concentrations. Hens' weights were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and the eggs weights were recorded daily. Yolks colors were determined by means of objective (L, a, b) and subjective (color fan) measurements. Global acceptance of yolks color was investigated with a five points hedonic scale. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, means comparison tests (t test and Dunn test) and regression analysis by Response Surface Methodology, at 5% significance level. Hens' final weights and eggs weights were not influenced by the treatments. Seven distinct colors for yolks were identified with the color fan. The most preferred yolks scored 9 and derived from the treatment which provided the highest yellow pigments concentrations (2.0 mg/hen/day) and no red pigments while the most rejected yolks scored 14 and derived from treatments which provided the highest concentration of red pigment (0.7 mg/hen/day), besides the yellow... / Mestre

Orientador: Vania Regina Nicoletti Telis / Coorientador: Célia Maria Landi Franco / Banca: Maria Aparecida Mauro / Banca: Marinônio Lopes Cornélio / Banca: Izabel Cristina Freitas Moraes / Banca: Carlos Raimundo Ferreria Grosso / Resumo: O amido é ideal como material de parede na preparação de sistemas de liberação controlada, é barato e considerado GRAS. O amido está constituído por dois biopolímeros de D-glicose, a amilose e a amilopectina, as quais representam 99 % da matéria seca do grânulo. A amilose tem a capacidade de formar complexos com algumas moléculas hidrofóbicas como flavors e ácidos graxos, os quais são capazes de resistir a variações de pH e temperaturas elevadas, tornando-se interessante para a formulação de sistemas de liberação controlada de nutrientes. O objetivo inicial deste projeto foi a utilização de amilose extraída da mandioca e do amido de milho com alto teor de amilose comercial (Hylon VII, 72% de amilose) com o intuito de encapsular bixina e avaliar a formação de complexos de inclusão de V-amilose, bem como a sua caracterização usando difração de raios X (DRX), calorimetria exploratória de varredura, espectroscopia de infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), cor, teor de bixina encapsulado, ensaios reológicos oscilatórios e capacidade de liberação. Foram estudados os efeitos das condições de processo de encapsulação por precipitação em solução ácida e através do tratamento com ultrassom sobre as interações entre a bixina e o amido. O efeito da proteína de soro de leite sobre o processo de encapsulação por precipitação em solução ácida também foi estudado. Finalmente, foi realizado um estudo de otimização usando a metodologia de superfície de resposta para... / Abstract: The starch is considered safe and cheap, ideal as wall material in the formulation of delivery systems. Starch granule consists of two major types of α-glucans, amylose, and amylopectin, which represent about 99% of dry matter. Amylose and some hydrophobic molecules such as flavors and fatty acids, form amylose inclusion complexes. Amylose complexes resist to variations of pH and elevated temperature, being good candidates for the formulation of nutrient delivery systems. The initial objective of this thesis was to use high-amylose corn starch (Hylon VII, 72 % amylose) and amylose from cassava starch as wall material for the encapsulation of bixin, evaluating the formation of V-amylose inclusion complexes, and performing their characterization by using X-ray diffractometry, FT-IR spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, oscillatory rheological tests, color, encapsulated bixin content, and release profile. The effects of process parametres used in the methods based on ultrasound treatment and precipitation in acid solution on the interaction between amylose and bixin were studied, as well as the effect of whey protein on the encapsulation process by precipitation in acid solution. The process conditions that would maximize the encapsulate bixin content inside of the starch matrix were determined by using desirability function. In addition, considering that xerogels and cryogels have gained interest as potential systems for microencapsulation of bioactive compounds and the ... / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000739560.pdf: 1243049 bytes, checksum: 78c28184f41fbbc27555d54f96400d9d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The color of the egg yolk depends on the absorption and the deposition of carotenoids present in the hens´ diets and represents a sensory characteristic of great impact on the product acceptance. Corn is commonly used as energy value ingredient for hens´ diets formulations. Moreover, due to its additional pigmentation properties, it might be used to color egg yolk. The purpose of this research was to optimize the proportions between yellow and red pigments in hens´ corn based rations to provide color maximization for yolks. Sixty Dekalbe laying hens were separately distributed in cages inside a rearing barn to receive the experimental diets for 21 days at a daily feeding of 110 g and water ad libitum. Fifteen treatments were defined by means of a central composite rotatable design in which the variables were the yellow pigments from the diets (corn + gluten meal), the yellow supplementary pigments (lutein + zeaxanthin) and the red supplementary pigments (cantaxanthin), each of them at three different concentrations. Hens´ weights were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and the eggs weights were recorded daily. Yolks colors were determined by means of objective (L, a, b) and subjective (color fan) measurements. Global acceptance of yolks color was investigated with a five points hedonic scale. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, means comparison tests (t test and Dunn test) and regression analysis by Response Surface Methodology, at 5% significance level. Hens` final weights and eggs weights were not influenced by the treatments. Seven distinct colors for yolks were identified with the color fan. The most preferred yolks scored 9 and derived from the treatment which provided the highest yellow pigments concentrations (2.0 mg/hen/day) and no red pigments while the most rejected yolks scored 14 and derived from treatments which provided the highest concentration of red pigment (0.7 mg/hen/day), besides the yellow...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T13:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-21. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-09-27T13:45:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000870467.pdf: 1126912 bytes, checksum: 0d220e03b71df656b478827a129bd6d7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / effluent to assess studies on cell mass production, yield, productivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and economic viability of a project to produce bacterial biomass on an industrial scale. Initially, different concentrations of the substrate were performed with the purpose of increasing the productivity and the biomass recovery (¼, ½ and ¾ the initial volume) using microfiltration. Cultivations was accomplished in bioreactors (50 L), at 1,500 ± 200 lux, 32 ± 2°C during 5 days. The biomass was recovery by microfiltration then freeze-dried. Later, the biomass samples were analyzed regarding to proximate composition. Thus, an analysis was developed to assess the resources necessary to estimate costs and revenue that might occur during the project operating (10 years). The main viability indicators used were the Net Present Value (NPV), the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the payback. The results showed greater recovery and biomass productivity in bioreactor with higher organic matter (28.61 ± 0.71 g and 0.1144 g biomass L-1 day-1). The greater COD reduction was 69.23%. Except for the lipids and proteins, whose concentrations were higher in the biomass produced in the most concentrated substrates, the other components remained the same. Regarding the economic viability, the results showed that, with a productivity of 0.085 g biomass L-1 day-1, 9.58 tons of biomass could be produced during one year. The total investment for the project was estimated in R$ 6,361,456.51, with an annual costs of R$ 2,366,131.38 and incomes of R$ 3,870,913.15. Considering these results and the viability indicators of 23.70% for the IRR and R$ 4,466,192.26 for the NPV, per annum, the project was considered feasible, providing the recovery of the invested capital within 3.98 years of activity. / FAPESP: 2011/50274

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-09T13:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-12-09T13:55:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000793445.pdf: 794571 bytes, checksum: b0bf9d63d28d7da0a2034c160d31312e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito antioxidante de extratos de pimentas vermelhas in natura do gênero Capsicum e medir a estabilidade oxidativa do óleo de soja adicionado do extrato de pimenta; além de avaliar a retenção dos tocoferóis, naturalmente presentes no óleo de soja, durante os testes de estocagem acelerada em estufa e em temperatura ambiente. Nos extratos hidroalcóolicos liofilizados das pimentas Malagueta, Cumari, Bode e Dedo-de-moça, foram avaliados a atividade antioxidante por meio dos sistemas DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl), β-caroteno/ácido linoleico, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) e ABTS·+ (2,2- azino-bis-3- ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), os teores de compostos fenólicos, carotenoides totais e ácido ascórbico. Os tratamentos: Controle (óleo de soja), TBHQ100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de TBHQ), TBHQ200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de TBHQ), BHA100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de BHA), BHA200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de BHA), Extrato100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de compostos fenólicos totais de pimenta Malagueta) e Extrato200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de compostos fenólicos totais de pimenta Malagueta), foram submetidos ao teste acelerado em estufa (60ºC/20 dias) e ao teste em temperatura ambiente (28ºC/9 meses). Os tratamentos foram analisados por meio das medidas de índice de peróxidos, dienos conjugados, índice de estabilidade oxidativa, teores de tocoferóis e ganho de massa (60ºC/30 dias). Os resultados obtidos das determinações analíticas foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças entre as médias foram testadas a 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey. As pimentas são boas fontes de ácido ascórbico, carotenoides e compostos fenólicos. Estes compostos conferem às pimentas propriedades antioxidantes, mesmo que sejam submetidos a processos de estresse oxidativo. Os extratos da pimenta Malagueta adicionados ao óleo de soja como ... / This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of extracts from red peppers of the genus Capsicum in nature and measure the oxidative stability of soybean oil added of pepper extract, as well as evaluating the resistance of tocopherols naturally present in soybean oil during the accelerated storage tests in stove and at room temperature. In the lyophilized hydroalcoholic extracts of Malagueta, Cumari, Bode, and Dedo-de-moça, the antioxidant activity, by means of antioxidant systems DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), β-carotene/linoleic acid, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), and ABTS·+ (radical 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid), and also the levels of phenolics, total carotenoids, and ascorbic acid were evaluated. Treatments: Control (soybean oil-free antioxidants), TBHQ100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/ kg TBHQ), TBHQ200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg TBHQ), BHA100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/kg BHA), BHA200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg BHA), Extract100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/kg of total phenolic compounds of Malagueta), and Extract200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg of total phenolic compounds of Malagueta) were subjected to the accelerated storage test (60°C/20 days) and to the test at room temperature (28°C/9 months). The treatments were analyzed by measuring the peroxide value, conjugated dienes, oxidative stability index, levels of tocopherols, and mass gain (60ºC/30 days). The results of analytical determinations were subjected to analysis of variance and differences between means were tested at 5% probability by Tukey test. The peppers are good sources of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. These compounds provide the peppers with antioxidant properties, even if they are subjected to oxidative stress conditions. Chilli pepper extracts added to soybean oil as natural antioxidants were capable of reducing the changes suffered by soybean oil during the storage process, thus being able to be natural ...

Submitted by MARA LINA RODRIGUES null (mara.lina.alimentos@gmail.com) on 2017-04-04T18:47:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese pos defesa 2.pdf: 4529410 bytes, checksum: 0d3e34cac8d41b991a6c9f55822408d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T16:57:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_ml_dr_sjrp.pdf: 4529410 bytes, checksum: 0d3e34cac8d41b991a6c9f55822408d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T16:57:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_ml_dr_sjrp.pdf: 4529410 bytes, checksum: 0d3e34cac8d41b991a6c9f55822408d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / O pequi, fruto típico do cerrado, possui em sua polpa alto teor de lipídios, o que permite obter da polpa desse fruto um azeite de coloração que varia entre o alaranjado e o vermelho. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as características e possibilidades de utilização deste azeite. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade do azeite de pequi comercial (APC) e do azeite de pequi extraído em condições controladas (APECC) sob aquecimento em comparação com a gordura de palma comercial (GPC) e o óleo de soja comercial (OSC). Os óleos foram submetidos ao teste acelerado em estufa (60°C/20 dias), termoxidação (180°C/16 h) e fritura de batatas pré-fritas congeladas. As amostras obtidas no teste acelerado em estufa e na termoxidação foram avaliadas fisicoquimicamente e quanto à estabilidade dos seus compostos bioativos. As batatas fritas foram avaliadas sensorialmente por meio dos testes de aceitação e de intenção de consumo. Os intervalos de confiança foram construídos com a técnica de reamostragem bootstrap. De acordo com a distribuição e a variância, os dados foram avaliados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) paramétrica seguida do teste de Tukey ou pelo teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, ao nível de 5% de significância. No teste acelerado em estufa, as análises físico-químicas revelaram comportamentos semelhantes para o APC e APECC, com resultados muitas vezes próximos aos da GPC, enquanto para o OSC os resultados apresentaram valores maiores que para os demais óleos. A estabilidade oxidativa dos azeites de pequi e da GPC foi similar e diminuiu ao longo da estocagem. Na análise de cor, os óleos avaliados não sofreram grandes alterações. Quanto aos compostos bioativos, os carotenoides e os compostos fenólicos totais dos azeites de pequi resistiram até o final da estocagem. Os maiores teores de fitosteróis foram encontrados nos azeites de pequi e os maiores teores de tocoferóis foram identificados no OSC, que foram degradados ao longo do teste acelerado em estufa. Na termoxidação, as análises físico-químicas mostraram resultados próximos entre os azeites de pequi e a GPC, enquanto para o OSC verificou-se nos resultados valores elevados. As maiores estabilidades oxidativas iniciais foram para os azeites de pequi e para a GPC, mas ao longo do tempo a estabilidade dos azeites de pequi diminuiu e ao final foi similar à do OSC. Maiores alterações na cor foram observadas para os azeites de pequi depois de 4 horas de termoxidação. Quanto aos compostos bioativos, tanto os carotenoides quantos os compostos fenólicos dos azeites de pequi foram totalmente degradados com 4 horas de termoxidação. Maiores quantidades de fitosteróis foram encontradas nos azeites de pequi e de tocoferóis no OSC. A análise sensorial revelou que as médias obtidas para os atributos avaliados nas batatas fritas no APC ficaram acima de 6 e que a intenção de consumo foi de 44,17%. De acordo com os resultados das análises físico-químicas e com os resultados obtidos na avaliação da estabilidade dos compostos bioativos, tanto no teste acelerado em estufa quanto na termoxidação, pode-se concluir que o azeite de pequi apresenta resistência quando submetido ao aquecimento e tem potencial para ser utilizado como meio de fritura. / Pequi, a typical fruit from brazilian savana, has a high content of lipids in its pulp, making it suitable for the extraction of an oil which color varies between orange and red. However, there is a lack of information about its physical-chemical characteristics and potential usefulness. Thus, the objectives of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, the bioactive compounds and oxidative stability of commercial pequi oil (APC) and pequi oil extracted under controlled conditions (APECC) subjected to heating and to compared them with commercial palm oil (GPC) and commercial soybean oil (OSC). The oils were submitted to accelerated storage (60 °C/20 days), termal oxidation (180°C/16 h) and frying. Deep fried potatoes in APC were evaluated sensorially using tests of acceptance and consumption intention. The confidence intervals were constructed using the bootstrap resampling technique. According to the distribution and the variance, datas were analyzed by the parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s test or Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test at the 5% level of significance. In accelerated storage the physical-chemical results revealed similar behaviors between APC and APECC, with both oils results showing similarity to those of GPC. OSC showed higher physical-chemical values than all oil samples. The oxidative stability of pequi oils and GPC oils were similar and decreased throughout the storage time. Greater changes in color were observed for pequi oils after 4 hours of thermal oxidation, althought all samples didn’t undergo big changes in color. When it comes to bioactive compounds, carotenoids and total phenolic compounds of pequi oils resisted until the end of storage. Highest levels of phytosterols were found in pequi oils, whereas highest levels of tocopherol, which was degraded throughout the accelerated test, were identified in OSC. In the thermal oxidation essay, physicalchemical results were similar between pequi oils and GPC, while considerable values were verified in OSC. The initial oxidative stability were high and similar for pequi oils and GPC, but throughout time the stability of the pequi oils decreased significantly until reaching similar values to OSC. Regarding the bioactive compounds, both carotenoids and phenolic compoundstocopherols were found in pequi oils and in OSC, respectively. The sensorial analysis revealed that the atributes of potatoes fried of pequi oils were totally degraded within 4 hours of thermoxidation. Higher amounts of phytosterols and tocopherols were found in pequi oils and in OSC, respectively. The sensorial analysis revealed that the atributes of potatoes fried in APC was above 6 and that the intention of consumption was 44,17%. Accordingly to the physicalchemical and stability of bioactive compounds results obtained from accelerated storage and thermal oxidation, it can be concluded that pequi oil exhibited resistance when subjected to heating and has potential to be used as a frying medium.

Orientador: Neuza Jorge / Banca: Agdamar Affini Sufredini / Banca: Débora Maria Moreno Luzia / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito antioxidante de extratos de pimentas vermelhas in natura do gênero Capsicum e medir a estabilidade oxidativa do óleo de soja adicionado do extrato de pimenta; além de avaliar a retenção dos tocoferóis, naturalmente presentes no óleo de soja, durante os testes de estocagem acelerada em estufa e em temperatura ambiente. Nos extratos hidroalcóolicos liofilizados das pimentas Malagueta, Cumari, Bode e Dedo-de-moça, foram avaliados a atividade antioxidante por meio dos sistemas DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl), β-caroteno/ácido linoleico, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) e ABTS·+ (2,2- azino-bis-3- ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), os teores de compostos fenólicos, carotenoides totais e ácido ascórbico. Os tratamentos: Controle (óleo de soja), TBHQ100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de TBHQ), TBHQ200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de TBHQ), BHA100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de BHA), BHA200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de BHA), Extrato100 (óleo de soja + 100 mg/kg de compostos fenólicos totais de pimenta Malagueta) e Extrato200 (óleo de soja + 200 mg/kg de compostos fenólicos totais de pimenta Malagueta), foram submetidos ao teste acelerado em estufa (60ºC/20 dias) e ao teste em temperatura ambiente (28ºC/9 meses). Os tratamentos foram analisados por meio das medidas de índice de peróxidos, dienos conjugados, índice de estabilidade oxidativa, teores de tocoferóis e ganho de massa (60ºC/30 dias). Os resultados obtidos das determinações analíticas foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças entre as médias foram testadas a 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey. As pimentas são boas fontes de ácido ascórbico, carotenoides e compostos fenólicos. Estes compostos conferem às pimentas propriedades antioxidantes, mesmo que sejam submetidos a processos de estresse oxidativo. Os extratos da pimenta Malagueta adicionados ao óleo de soja como ... / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of extracts from red peppers of the genus Capsicum in nature and measure the oxidative stability of soybean oil added of pepper extract, as well as evaluating the resistance of tocopherols naturally present in soybean oil during the accelerated storage tests in stove and at room temperature. In the lyophilized hydroalcoholic extracts of Malagueta, Cumari, Bode, and Dedo-de-moça, the antioxidant activity, by means of antioxidant systems DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), β-carotene/linoleic acid, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), and ABTS·+ (radical 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid), and also the levels of phenolics, total carotenoids, and ascorbic acid were evaluated. Treatments: Control (soybean oil-free antioxidants), TBHQ100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/ kg TBHQ), TBHQ200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg TBHQ), BHA100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/kg BHA), BHA200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg BHA), Extract100 (soybean oil + 100 mg/kg of total phenolic compounds of Malagueta), and Extract200 (soybean oil + 200 mg/kg of total phenolic compounds of Malagueta) were subjected to the accelerated storage test (60°C/20 days) and to the test at room temperature (28°C/9 months). The treatments were analyzed by measuring the peroxide value, conjugated dienes, oxidative stability index, levels of tocopherols, and mass gain (60ºC/30 days). The results of analytical determinations were subjected to analysis of variance and differences between means were tested at 5% probability by Tukey test. The peppers are good sources of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. These compounds provide the peppers with antioxidant properties, even if they are subjected to oxidative stress conditions. Chilli pepper extracts added to soybean oil as natural antioxidants were capable of reducing the changes suffered by soybean oil during the storage process, thus being able to be natural ... / Mestre