La plupart des logiciels contrôlant les véhicules intelligents traite de la compréhension de la scène. De nombreuses méthodes existent actuellement pour percevoir les obstacles de façon automatique. La majorité d’entre elles emploie ainsi les capteurs extéroceptifs comme des caméras ou des lidars. Cette thèse porte sur les domaines de la robotique et de la fusion d’information et s’intéresse aux systèmes d’information géographique. Nous étudions ainsi l’utilité d’ajouter des cartes numériques, qui cartographient le milieu urbain dans lequel évolue le véhicule, en tant que capteur virtuel améliorant les résultats de perception. Les cartes contiennent en effet une quantité phénoménale d’information sur l’environnement : sa géométrie, sa topologie ainsi que d’autres informations contextuelles. Dans nos travaux, nous avons extrait la géométrie des routes et des modèles de bâtiments afin de déduire le contexte et les caractéristiques de chaque objet détecté. Notre méthode se base sur une extension de grilles d’occupations : les grilles de perception crédibilistes. Elle permet de modéliser explicitement les incertitudes liées aux données de cartes et de capteurs. Elle présente également l’avantage de représenter de façon uniforme les données provenant de différentes sources : lidar, caméra ou cartes. Les cartes sont traitées de la même façon que les capteurs physiques. Cette démarche permet d’ajouter les informations géographiques sans pour autant leur donner trop d’importance, ce qui est essentiel en présence d’erreurs. Dans notre approche, le résultat de la fusion d’information contenu dans une grille de perception est utilisé pour prédire l’état de l’environnement à l’instant suivant. Le fait d’estimer les caractéristiques des éléments dynamiques ne satisfait donc plus l’hypothèse du monde statique. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d’ajuster le niveau de certitude attribué à ces informations. Nous y parvenons en appliquant l’affaiblissement temporel. Étant donné que les méthodes existantes n’étaient pas adaptées à cette application, nous proposons une famille d’opérateurs d’affaiblissement prenant en compte le type d’information traitée. Les algorithmes étudiés ont été validés par des tests sur des données réelles. Nous avons donc développé des prototypes en Matlab et des logiciels en C++ basés sur la plate-forme Pacpus. Grâce à eux nous présentons les résultats des expériences effectués en conditions réelles. / This thesis is situated in the domains of robotics and data fusion, and concerns geographic information systems. We study the utility of adding digital maps, which model the urban environment in which the vehicle evolves, as a virtual sensor improving the perception results. Indeed, the maps contain a phenomenal quantity of information about the environment : its geometry, topology and additional contextual information. In this work, we extract road surface geometry and building models in order to deduce the context and the characteristics of each detected object. Our method is based on an extension of occupancy grids : the evidential perception grids. It permits to model explicitly the uncertainty related to the map and sensor data. By this means, the approach presents also the advantage of representing homogeneously the data originating from various sources : lidar, camera or maps. The maps are handled on equal terms with the physical sensors. This approach allows us to add geographic information without imputing unduly importance to it, which is essential in presence of errors. In our approach, the information fusion result, stored in a perception grid, is used to predict the stateof environment on the next instant. The fact of estimating the characteristics of dynamic elements does not satisfy the hypothesis of static world. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the level of certainty attributed to these pieces of information. We do so by applying the temporal discounting. Due to the fact that existing methods are not well suited for this application, we propose a family of discoun toperators that take into account the type of handled information. The studied algorithms have been validated through tests on real data. We have thus developed the prototypes in Matlab and the C++ software based on Pacpus framework. Thanks to them, we present the results of experiments performed in real conditions.

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The main purpose of the study was to analyze whether age, gender and integrity affect the acceptance of self-driving cars. The theoretical framework TAM (Technology AcceptanceModel) is used as a starting point for acceptance where we set our variables against Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use that are the main variables in the model. A quantitative method has been applied and a survey was used for data collection. The survey was sent to 140 students. The response rate was 82 % involving a total of 116 respondents, of which 60 were women and 53 were men, where age ranged between 18-60 years old. The results of a T-test showed that there was a correlation between gender and acceptance of self-driving cars. The remaining variables could not be linked to acceptance in our study. The conclusion that we could make from this study was that there was a correlation between gender and acceptance of self-driving cars based on the cognitive mindset that is separated between the sexes. / Det huvudsakliga syftet med studien var att analysera ifall ålder, kön och integritet påverkar acceptans av självkörande bilar. Det teoretiska ramverket TAM (Technology AcceptanceModel) används som utgångspunkt för acceptans där vi ställde våra variabler gentemot den Uppfattade Användbarheten och den Uppfattade Användarvänligheten som är huvudvariableri modellen. En kvantitativ metod har använts och där ett frågeformulär skickades till 140 studenter. Svarsfrekvensen låg på 82% där totalt 116 respondenter, varav 60 kvinnor och 53 män i åldrarna mellan 18–60. Resultatet från ett T-test visade att det fanns samband mellan kön och acceptans av självkörande bilar. Resterande variabler kunde inte kopplas till acceptans i studien. Slutsatsen vi kunde dra utifrån denna studie var att det fanns ett samband mellan kön och acceptans av självkörande bilar, baserat på det kognitiva tankesättet som skiljs åt mellan könen.

The thesis deals with the use of solar energy for electromobility. First, the potential of electromobility on the current market is theoretically discussed. This issue includes mainly the producers of electrically powered vehicles, the issue of electric energy storage and the real applications of fast charging and photovoltaic charging stations. In the next part, electric cars are analyzed, which use solar energy for their function and their efficiency is compared with the effiency of combustion engines. The main part of this thesis is the design of photovoltaic charging station for electric vehicles. The final part deals with the economic evaluation of the proposed charging station.

The thesis deals with the use of solar energy for electromobility. First, the potential of electromobility on the current market is theoretically discussed. This issue includes mainly the producers of electrically powered vehicles, the issue of electric energy storage and the real applications of fast charging and photovoltaic charging stations. The second part of the diploma thesis deals with the measurement of electric car consumption and the evaluation of measurement results. In the next part, electric cars are analyzed, which use solar energy for their function and their efficiency is compared with the effiency of combustion engines. The main part of this thesis is the design of photovoltaic charging station for electric vehicles. The final part deals with the economic evaluation of the proposed charging station.

The thesis focuses proposal business plan for company Esponex s.r.o., which wants to enter the market with used spare parts for cars as a mediator. The purpose is proposal business plan for project Vrakotechna.cz and successful launch of new intermediary services on the market. The thesis contains a theoretical part, an analysis of the current state and proposal business plan. The theoretical part discusses the basic terms related to business plans. The analytical part focuses on introduction of the company, its mission, analysis of the market, where the company operates and also includes an analysis of target customer, the company surroundings, competition and SWOT analysis. The aim is to proposal a business plan, particularly marketing and financial plan.

The purpose of our thesis was to examine citizens' attitude in a smaller city to new digital innovations, specifically autonomous vehicles and carpools, as well as opinions about citizens' participation. Through a web-based questionnaire, which was distributed on social media, as well as a discussion group on Facebook, an understanding was formed about the human acceptance, motivation factors, views and mobility habits. This was then analyzed to create an understanding of how a citizen dialogue should be conducted in social media. In line with this, we examined whether connections regarding human acceptance of new digital innovations can be affected, depending on how the dialogue is conducted and how much information the citizens are provided with. The result showed a clear relationship between knowledge and attitude, where a little knowledge created a more negative opinion. Other interesting discoveries that were identified, were that people see both problem areas and opportunities with a more digitized society. We also found how the respondents wanted increased participation, and that citizens' views are taken into account and have a clear impact on urban development. Finally, we conclude that the degree of citizens' participation and how the dialogue is conducted, shape their acceptance and understanding of changes in society and mobility solutions. The research area on human acceptance, participation and dialogue on autonomous vehicles and carpools is an emerging area of research. This means that the essay is exploratory which can enable further and more in-depth research. / Syftet med vår uppsats var att undersöka medborgare i en mindre stads inställning till nya digitala innovationer, specifikt autonoma fordon och bilpooler, samt åsikter kring medborgares delaktighet. Genom ett webbaserat frågeformulär, som distribuerades på sociala medier, samt en diskussionsgrupp på Facebook, bildades uppfattning kring människans acceptans, motivationsfaktorer, synpunkter och mobilitetsvanor. Sedan analyserades detta för att skapa en förståelse kring hur en medborgardialog bör föras i sociala medier. I linje med det undersöktes även samband om människans acceptans till nya digitala innovationer påverkas, beroende på hur dialogen förs och hur mycket information medborgarna tillhandahålls. Resultatet visade en tydlig relation mellan kännedom och inställning, där en liten kännedom skapade en mer negativ åsikt. Andra intressanta upptäckter som identifierades var att människor ser både problemområden och möjligheter med ett mer digitaliserat samhälle. Vi fann även att respondenterna önskade en ökad inkludering, samt att medborgares synpunkter beaktas och har en tydlig påverkan inom stadsutveckling. Avslutningsvis drar vi slutsatsen att graden av medborgarnas delaktighet och hur dialogen förs, formar deras acceptans samt förståelse för samhällsomställningar och mobilitetslösningar. Forskningsområdet kring människans acceptans, delaktighet och dialog kring autonoma fordon och bilpooler är ett växande undersökningsområde. Det gör att uppsatsen är explorativ vilket kan möjliggöra ytterligare och en mer djupgående forskning.

Artificiell intelligens (AI) har integrerats i stor uträckning, framförallt inom bilindustrin där autonoma bilar blir allt vanligare. Då allt fler bilar får autonoma funktioner förändras bilförarnas tidiga roll. Förare går från att manuellt manövrera bilen till att övervaka så att de autonoma funktionerna fungerar. Då förarens roll förändras tillkommer utmaningar kring förarnas upplevelser för autonoma funktioner. Syftet med studien är att identifiera dessa utmaningar vilket leder till frågeställningen: Vilka utmaningar innebär design av initiativskifte i autonoma bilar i förhållande till upplevt förtroende? För att skapa förståelse har en kvalitativ studie genomförts där en designetnografiskt ansats legat till grund för den presenterade illustrationen. Deltagarna i studien har varit personer som äger en bil med autonoma funktioner. Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur upplevt förtroende i relation till det initiativskifte som sker i autonoma bilar vilket presenteras i en illustration. I slutsatsen reflekteras samhälleliga och etiska utmaningar vad gäller designande av autonoma bilar / Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely integrated, especially in the automotive industry where autonomous cars are becoming more common. As more and more cars get autonomous functions, the drivers' previous role changes. Drivers go from manually operating the car to monitoring it, so that the autonomous functions work. As the driver's role changes, challenges arise for drivers' experiences for autonomous functions. The purpose of the study is to identify these challenges that lead to the question: What challenges does the design of initiative shift in autonomous cars in relation to perceived trust entail? To create understanding, a qualitative study has been conducted where a design ethnographic approach was used as the basis for the presented illustration. The participants in the study were people who own a car with autonomous functions. The study contributes with knowledge of how perceived reliance in relation to the change in initiative that takes place in autonomous cars, which is presented in an illustration. The conclusion reflects societal and ethical challenges regarding the design of autonomous cars.

Background: The CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) adoptive T-cell therapy for B-cell leukemia is a promising treatment for relapsed or refractory malignities. The overall response rate of CD19 CAR-T cells in clinical trials was greater than 80% for patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, CAR-T cell therapy of leukemias and solid tumors has been limited by a lot of factors such as antigen loss of tumor escape variants, reduced proliferation, persistence and tumor-infiltration of CAR-T cells in vivo, immunosuppressive tumor environment, absence of ideal antigens and on-target, off-tumor toxicities. Therefore, new strategies improving the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells, including further T-cell modification to overcome the immune suppression, are tested. Aims: (i) Bispecific CARs designed to express two antigen-binding domains prevent of antigen escape. (ii) T-cells were genetically modified to express CAR along with an inducible IL-21 gene cassette driven by NFAT-responsive promoter. IL-21 directly enhances CAR-T cell activity and anti-tumor effects. (iii) Applying suicide epitope modification in CAR enables significantly increasing the therapeutic safety of CAR-T cells. Methods: CARs were constructed by using molecular biology...

Autonoma bilar är ett utav de mest efterlängtade teknologierna som hastigt utvecklas i världen idag. De autonoma bilarna har redan tillämpats på vägarna idag och kommer med stor sannolikhet att fortsätta tillämpas i framtiden med de fördelar som de tillför. Men trots alla fördelar så kan samhället fortfarande känna sig osäkert på ifall det faktiskt kan förlita sig på fullt autonoma bilar. Det gäller att människorna känner sig säkra både när de sitter i bilen och när de befinner sig i den omgivande trafiken. Studien undersöker ifall kön, ålder, tillit och vetskap har en påverkan i hur människor i det svenska samhället uppfattar säkerheten med autonoma bilar i trafiken. En kvantitativ forskningsmetod i form av ett webbaserat frågeformulär användes för att samla in data. Frågeformuläret besvarades av totalt 265 respondenter mellan åldrarna 18-50+ där 121 var män och 144 var kvinnor. Den data som samlades in analyserades sedan genom den statistiska plattformen SPSS Software. Studien rapporterade att inget samband kunde påvisas mellan kön och säkerhetsuppfattningen utav autonoma bilar och likaså för faktorn ålder. Däremot upptäcktes ett samband för både faktorerna tillit och vetskap. / Autonomous cars are one of the most anticipated technologies that are rapidly evolving in the world today. The autonomous cars have already been applied on the roads today and will most likely continue to be applied in the future with the benefits they bring. But despite all the benefits, the society can still feel insecure about whether it can actually rely on fully autonomous cars. It is important that people feel safe both when they are in the car and when they are in the surrounding traffic. The study examines whether gender, age, trust and awareness have an impact on how people in the Swedish society perceive the safety of autonomous cars in the traffic. A quantitative research method in the form of a web-based questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was answered by a total of 265 respondents between the ages of 18-50+ of which 121 were men and 144 were women. The data collected was then analyzed through the statistical platform SPSS Software. The study reported that no association could be indicated between gender and the safety perception of autonomous cars and also for the factor age. However, a correlation was discovered for both factors trust and awareness.