Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-04-13T17:35:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_FRANCISCO_CARLOS_FERREIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3098722 bytes, checksum: acc1b5cacfc09c5de19a66e60a7513a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T17:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_FRANCISCO_CARLOS_FERREIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3098722 bytes, checksum: acc1b5cacfc09c5de19a66e60a7513a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / In the context of the military regime, the president's speech Garrastazu Medici (1975) reinforced the idea of sending "men without land to land without men". The Amazon was seen as breadbasket of the world and had a demographic void, and thus can become the solution to the problems of drought and migration from the Northeast. One of the priorities of the National Security Doctrine was to occupy the territory of the Amazon. The creation of the Land Statute in 1963, the Brazilian Agrarian Reform Institute (IBRA), Agrarian Development National Institute (INDA), created in 1964, the Superintendent of the Amazon Development (SUDAM), established in 1966, would helped that speech became a reality and the construction of the Trans-Amazonian highway and the Cuiab?-Santar?m in 1968. on the other hand, in the midst of so many families who arrived from various corners of the country and having to face the difficulties Rond?nia, in particular offering is the Catholic Church began work in the formation of Base Communities having as guidelines the conclusions of the Second Vatican Council and the Episcopal Conferences in Latin America that emerged from it. It was in this context that was created the Community Nossa Senhora Aparecida da Cachoeirinha in 1982 and is located on Line 605, thirty five kilometers from the Parish S?o Jo?o Batista in the municipality of Jaru, Rondonia, Roman Catholic Diocese of Ji-Paran?, as a model that performance. / No contexto do Regime Militar, o discurso do presidente Garrastazu M?dici (1975) refor?ava a ideia de mandar ?homens sem terra para terra sem homens?. A Amaz?nia era vista como celeiro do mundo e possu?a um vazio demogr?fico, podendo assim transformar-se na solu??o para os problemas da seca e da migra??o do Nordeste. Uma das prioridades da Doutrina de Seguran?a Nacional era ocupar o territ?rio da Amaz?nia. A cria??o do Estatuto da Terra, em 1963, do Instituto Brasileiro de Reforma Agr?ria (IBRA), do Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio (INDA), criados em 1964, da Superintend?ncia de Desenvolvimento da Amaz?nia (SUDAM), criada em 1966, faria com que esse discurso se concretizasse, al?m da constru??o das rodovias Transamaz?nica e a Cuiab?-Santar?m em 1968. Por outro lado, em meio a tantas fam?lias que chegavam de v?rios cantos do pa?s e tendo que enfrentar as dificuldades que Rond?nia, em particular oferecia, ? que a Igreja Cat?lica passou atuar na forma??o de Comunidades Eclesiais de Base tendo como diretrizes as conclus?es do Conc?lio Vaticano II e as Confer?ncias Episcopais na Am?rica Latina que surgiram a partir dele. Foi nesse contexto, que foi criada a Comunidade Nossa Senhora Aparecida da Cachoeirinha no ano de 1982 e que est? localizada na Linha 605, trinta e cinco quil?metros da Par?quia S?o Jo?o Batista no Munic?pio de Jaru, Rond?nia, Diocese de Ji-Paran?, como modelo dessa atua??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdjaneFBS.pdf: 3994026 bytes, checksum: e61df5b55740f230b29442d65ddbda8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Due to environmental restrictions around the world, clean catalytic technology are of fundamental importance in the petrochemical industry and refineries. Creating the face of this a great interest in replacing the liquid acids for solid acids, so as molecular sieves have been extensively studied in reactions involving the acid catalysis to produce chemical substances with a high potential of quality. Being the activity of the catalysts involved in the reaction attributed to the acid character of them involved for the Lewis and Br?nsted acid sites. Based on this context, this study aimed to prepare catalysts acids using a molecular sieve silicoalumino-phosphate (SAPO-11) synthesized in hidrotermical conditions and sulphated with sulphuric acid at different concentrations, using to it the method of controlled impregnating. The samples resulting from this process were characterized by x-ray difratometry (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TG-DTG) and determination of total acidity (by n-butilamin adsorption). The results show that the synthesis method used was efficient in the formation of AEL structure of SAPO-11 and when being incorporated the sulfate groups in this structure the acidity of the material was increased, pointing out that to very high concentrations of acid there is a trend of decrease the main peaks that form the structure. Finally they were tested catalytictly by the reaction model of conversion of m-xylene which showed favorable results of conversion for this catalyst, showing to be more selective of cracking products than isomerization, as expected, in order that for the o-xylene selectivity there was no positive change when to sulfate a sample of SAPO-11, while for light gases of C1-C4 this selectivity was remarkably observed / Devido ?s restri??es ambientais em todo o mundo, tecnologias catal?ticas n?o poluentes s?o de fundamental import?ncia na ind?stria petroqu?mica e nas refinarias. Diante disto, surge o grande interesse em substituir os ?cidos l?quidos por s?lidos ?cidos. Para isso, as peneiras moleculares t?m sido extensivamente estudadas nas rea??es que envolvem cat?lise ?cida a fim de produzir subst?ncias qu?micas com alto potencial de qualidade. Sendo a atividade dos catalisadores envolvidos na rea??o atribu?da ao car?ter ?cido deles distribu?dos em s?tios ?cidos de Lewis e Br?nsted. Com base neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo preparar catalisadores ?cidos utilizando uma peneira molecular silicoaluminofosf?tica (SAPO-11) sintetizada hidrotermicamente e sulfatada com ?cido sulf?rico a diferentes concentra??es, empregando-se para isso o m?todo da impregna??o controlada. As amostras resultantes deste processo foram caracterizadas por difratometria de raios-x (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), an?lise t?rmica (TG-DTG) e determina??o de acidez total (via adsor??o de n-butilamina). Os resultados mostram que o m?todo de s?ntese utilizado foi eficiente na forma??o da estrutura AEL do SAPO-11 e ao serem incorporados os grupos sulfatos a esta estrutura, a acidez do material foi aumentada. Ressaltando-se que, para concentra??es muito elevadas do ?cido, h? uma tend?ncia dos principais picos que formam a estrutura diminu?rem. Por fim, as amostras foram testadas cataliticamente pela rea??o modelo de convers?o do mxileno a qual apresentou resultados favor?veis de convers?o para este catalisador, se mostrando ser mais seletivo a produtos de craqueamento do que de isomeriza??o, como se esperava, tendo em vista que para a seletividade a o-xileno n?o houve altera??o positiva ao se sulfatar a amostra de SAPO-11, enquanto que para os gases leves de C1-C4 esta seletividade foi notavelmente observada

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-29T18:54:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Peter Sana.pdf: 2426905 bytes, checksum: 4886ee552c348aa742f8706df208997b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T18:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Peter Sana.pdf: 2426905 bytes, checksum: 4886ee552c348aa742f8706df208997b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / The work titled as "The educational dimension of the thought and the action D. Adriano Hyp?lito in the social struggles of the Baixada Fluminense during the military dictatorship (1964-1985)", investigated since the formation of the thought of the Catholic Church in Brazil, it's share the colonial, imperial and republican education to date that corresponds to the decision-making by senior ecclesiastical hierarchy, depending on the situation which was driven to coexist in opting for the poorest in society. During the first half of the twentieth century Church, with its conservative nature, seeks the most influential means to ally and so take him a role in active participation of society, whether in the case of formal education means such as schools and seminars, even in the informal means such as the press, radio and television media. The political education now has an importance for the Church in as observing situation in Latin America, it is noticed that the less affluent classes of society suffered from injustice and social inequality. It was in this way that there were some sectors of the Catholic Church, strengthened by the Vatican Council and the Medellin and Puebla conferences, sought more active forms of political activity in the mobilization and politicization of the masses, uniting faith to fight for social justice. In this context that the figure of the Bishop Adriano Mandarino Hyp?lito in the Baixada Fluminense, when in 1966, already observing the political structure set up after the 1964 coup, took over the Nova Igua?u Diocese and joined the movement called Liberation Theology and spent to take a leadership attitude toward the union, social movements, and lay and religious who sought social equality and improvements in the most important sectors of society such as education, health, sanitation, land reform and policy, etc. The participation of Nova Igua?u bishop made the conservative sectors of the Church reacted against his bishopric, as well as the current military government and the economic elite, seeking to end the wave of political awareness of the people, exploited by organizations such as the Christian Communities Base and Neighborhood Friends Movement, these who had the guidance and funding for the Church proposed by Don Adriano de bishopric in line with the situation of struggle and resistance against the military regime and social inequalities and injustices caused by the current system. / No trabalho intitulado como "A dimens?o educativa do pensamento e da a??o de D. Adriano Hyp?lito nas lutas sociais da Baixada Fluminense no per?odo da ditadura militar (1964-1985)", investigamos desde a forma??o do pensamento da Igreja Cat?lica no Brasil, sua participa??o na educa??o colonial, imperial e republicana at? o momento que corresponde ? tomada de decis?o por parte da alta hierarquia eclesi?stica, em fun??o da conjuntura a qual foi impulsionada a coexistir, em optar pelos mais pobres da sociedade. Durante a primeira metade do s?culo XX a Igreja com seu car?ter conservador busca os meios mais influentes para aliar-se e assim tomar para si uma import?ncia na participa??o ativa da sociedade, quer seja no ?mbito dos meios formais de educa??o como escolas e semin?rios, at? nos meios informais como a m?dia impressa, radiof?nica e televisiva. A forma??o pol?tica passou a ter uma import?ncia para a Igreja na medida que observando conjuntura da Am?rica Latina, percebe-se que as classes menos abastadas da sociedade sofriam com a injusti?a e desigualdade social. Foi desta maneira que surgiram alguns setores da Igreja Cat?lica que, fortalecidos pelo Conc?lio Vaticano e as Confer?ncias de Medell?n e Puebla, buscaram formas mais ativas de atua??o pol?tica na mobiliza??o e politiza??o das massas, unindo f? ? luta por justi?a social. Neste contexto que surgiu a figura do Bispo Dom Adriano Mandarino Hyp?lito na Baixada Fluminense, quando no ano de 1966, j? observando a estrutura pol?tica montada ap?s o golpe de 1964, assumiu a Diocese de Nova Igua?u e aderiu o movimento denominado Teologia da Liberta??o e passou a ter uma postura de lideran?a diante dos movimentos sindicais, sociais, e dos leigos e religiosos que buscavam igualdade social e melhorias nos setores mais importantes da sociedade como a educa??o, sa?de, saneamento b?sico, reforma agr?ria e pol?tica, etc. A participa??o do bispo de Nova Igua?u fez com que os setores conservadores da pr?pria Igreja reagissem contra seu bispado, assim como o governo militar vigente e a elite econ?mica, buscando terminar com a onda de conscientiza??o pol?tica do povo, instrumentalizada por organiza??es como as Comunidades Eclesiais de Base e Movimento Amigos de Bairro, estes que tiveram a orienta??o e financiamento pela Igreja proposta pelo bispado de Dom Adriano em conson?ncia com a conjuntura de luta e resist?ncia contra o regime militar e as desigualdades e injusti?as sociais provocadas pelo sistema vigente.

O manejo populacional de cães e gatos é um conjunto de estratégias para controlar e prevenir problemas relacionados com o convívio entre esses animais e os seres humanos. Nesta tese é proposto um fluxo de trabalho baseado em métodos quantitativos, para auxiliar o planejamento, implementação e monitoramento de programas de manejo populacional de animais de companhia. Ao seguir o fluxo de trabalho é possível coletar dados para caracterizar populações, analisar esses dados para propor intervenções e avaliar o efeito das intervenções. A proposta foi baseada na articulação de cinco pesquisas. Na primeira pesquisa foi implementado de um desenho amostral complexo para caracterizar a população de cães e gatos domiciliados de Votorantim, São Paulo. Na segunda pesquisa que foi baseada nos dados levantados na primeira, foram usadas análises de correspondências múltiplas para identificar perfis de opiniões públicas em relação ao abandono de cães e gatos. Na terceira pesquisa foi avaliada a validade do desenho amostral usado na primeira pesquisa, mediante simulações estocásticas. Na quarta pesquisa foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático de manejo populacional que permite priorizar as intervenções de acordo com o efeito que produzem. Na quinta pesquisa foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático para avaliar a eficiência do controle reprodutivo realizado com contraceptivos de efeito reversível. Os modelos das duas últimas pesquisas foram baseados em sistemas acoplados de equações diferenciais e em análises de sensibilidade global e local. A proposta foi implementada em um software de código aberto, o pacote do R capm, que pode ser incorporado na rotina de trabalho dos setores envolvidos no manejo populacional de animais de companhia / Dog and cat population management is a set of strategies to control and prevent problems related with the coexistence between those animals and human beings. In this thesis it is proposed a work-fiow based on quantitative methods to support the planning, implementation and mo- nitoring of companion animal population management programs. Following the work-fiow, it is possible to collecf data to characterize populations, analyze that data to propose interventions and assess the effect of interventions. The proposal was based on the articulation of five rese- arches. In the first research, a complex sampling design was implemented to characterize the owned dog and cat populations of Votorantim, São Paulo. In the second research, which was based on data from the first one, public opinion profiles regarding dog and cat abandonment were identified using multiple correspondence analysis. In the third research, the validity of the sampling design used in the first research was assessed through stochastic simulations. In the fourth research, a mathematical model of population management was developed. With that model, it is possible to prioritize interventions according to the effect they produce. In the fifth research, a mathematical model was developed to assess the efficiency of reproductive control based on contraceptives with reversible effect. The models of the last two researches were based on systems of coupled differential equations, and on global and local sensitivity analysis. The proposal was implemented in an open source software, the R package capm, that can be incorporated in the working routine of sectors involved with companion animal population management

Proporcionar condições favoráveis para animais alojados em ambientes restritos exige o conhecimento sobre comportamentos típicos da espécie em questão. A literatura disponibiliza poucas informações sobre colônias de gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus), em confinamento, levando a um déficit na qualidade de vida e bem-estar destes animais, nessas condições. O presente estudo objetivou analisar, por meio da observação de comportamentos exploratórios, alimentares, diferenças individuais e contato com um humano conhecido, como uma colônia de 35 gatos de um abrigo se comporta durante a alimentação cotidiana (ração seca disposta no comedouro), e em relação à interação com um enriquecimento ambiental alimentar (carne bovina suspensa por um cabo de aço). Os resultados indicaram que os animais possuem uma organização tanto para a alimentação cotidiana como para a utilização do enriquecimento, evidenciando a existência de uma ordenação para a o acesso a um recurso. Os dados também revelaram que a presença do humano influenciou no consumo de ração pelos animais. Com base nas informações contidas neste trabalho enfatizamos que prover condições satisfatórias no alojamento, alimentação e enriquecimentos ambientais, para grupos de animais, exige conhecimento das necessidades da espécie, assim como, da dinâmica de utilização dos recursos. / Provide favorable conditions for animals housed in restricted environments requires knowledge of species-typical behaviors in question. The poor literature, it provides less information about colonies of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus), in confinement, leading to a deficit in quality of life and welfare of these animals under these conditions. This study aimed to analyze, through observation of exploratory behavior, feeding, individual differences and human contact with a known as a colony of 35 cats from a shelter behaves during daily diet (dry food prepared at the feeder), and in relation interaction with an environmental enrichment food (beef suspended from a steel cable). The results showed that animals possess both an organization for the daily diet and to the use of the gain, showing the existence of an ordering for the use of a resource. The data also revealed the presence of human influenced by food intake in animals. Based on the information contained in this paper emphasize that providing satisfactory housing, food and environmental enrichments for groups of animals, requires knowledge of the needs of the species, in this conditions, as well as the dynamics of resource use.

The Inner Piedmont (IP) is the Neoacadian migmatitic orogenic core of the southern Appalachians, exhibiting the widest area of high-grade metamorphism; regional upper amphibolite facies with isolated pods of granulite grade metamorphism. Peak P-T conditions in central GA reached 4.0-7.6 kbars and 630-715 ̊ C. The Brindle Creek fault (BCf) separates high-grade metasedimentary rocks of the eastern Tugaloo terrane (Tt) and Cat Square terrane (CSt). The Tt consists of the Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic(?) Tallulah Falls Formation, Chauga River Formation, and the Mid-Ordovician Poor Mountain Formation, intruded by Early to Middle Ordovician granitoids. The CSt consists of Siluro-Devonian metasedimentary rocks, such as sillimanite-schist, biotite gneiss, amphibolite, and minor calc-silicate, intruded by Acadian-Neoacadian plutons. Original termination of the CSt was mapped by the USGS just south of Athens, GA, against the central Piedmont suture; however, new evidence from aeromagnetic anomalies and detailed geologic mapping revealed that the CSt and BCf extend into central GA. The BCf truncates a suite of curved magnetic anomalies on the aeromagnetic map. The curved anomalies that truncate against the linear feature may represent the Neoacadian deflection of the IP southwestward along the crustally weak Brevard fault zone. Another prominent lineament was identified southeast of the BCf; detailed geologic mapping revealed an additional thrust sheet in the CSt. Mesozoic brittle reactivation of the late Paleozoic dextral Towaliga fault was also identified striking NE-SW through the field area. Multiple episodes of movement were observed in outcrop and at the micro-scale, defined by crosscutting fracture sets. Low temperature quartz mylonite (350-450 ̊ C) may signify continued shearing of the IP into the late Alleghanian orogeny. A felsic plutonic suite extends the length of the field area, consisting of three distinct granitoids: (1) an older biotite-rich megacrystic granite with megacrysts of K-feldspar; (2) a weakly foliated medium to coarse grained inequigranular granodiorite; and (3) a younger non-foliated fine-grained granodiorite. Analysis revealed that granitoids from central GA are similar texturally and petrographically with granitoids from NC’s CSt. Further whole-rock geochemical analysis revealed that these rocks share similar REE, trace element, and tectonic discriminate patterns. The most important point garnered from the trace element and REE patterns in spider diagrams, such as similarities in peaks and troughs, is that they must share either a common parent, process, or contaminant.

Der Einsatz von Ketamin erfolgt in der Humananästhesie, vor allem aufgrund seiner vielfältigen Nebenwirkungen, nur noch nach strenger Indikation. In der Veterinärmedizin ist Ketamin tierartenübergreifend für die Injektionsnarkose weit verbreitet. Um den bekannten Nebenwirkungen vorzubeugen, wird Ketamin mit verschiedenen anderen Anästhetika kombiniert und stellt so ein sicheres Narkoseverfahren bei Tieren dar. Eine besondere Herausforderung ist die Anästhesie bei ophthalmologischen Patienten unter Berücksich-tigung der Kontrolle des Intraokularen Drucks (IOP). In diesem Zusammenhang gibt es in der Literatur widersprüchliche Angaben zur Auswirkung von Ketamin auf den IOP beim Menschen und verschiedenen Tierarten. Auch für die Auswirkungen von Propofol und der endotrachealen Intubation auf den IOP existieren widersprüchliche Aussagen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob gängige Ketamin-Kombinationsnarkosen bei der augengesunden Katze einen Einfluss auf den IOP haben. Angeregt durch Berichte in der Literatur wurde zudem untersucht, ob die Applikation von Propofol sowie die endotracheale Intubation den IOP bei der Katze beeinflussen. Methodik: Untersucht wurden 48 adulte, augengesunde Katzen, die dem chirurgischen Patientengut der Klinik für Kleintiere der Universität Leipzig entstammten. Es handelt sich um eine prospektive, randomisierte Blindstudie. Die Patienten wurden vier Untersuchungsgruppen zugeordnet. Zur intramuskulären Narkoseeinleitung erhielten Tiere der KX-Gruppe Ketamin (10 mg/kg) und Xylazin (1 mg/kg), der KXAtr-Gruppe Ketamin (10 mg/kg), Xylazin (1 mg/kg) und Atropin (0,025 mg/kg), der KA-Gruppe Ketamin (20 mg/kg) und Acepromazin (0,5 mg/kg) und der KM-Gruppe Ketamin (10 mg/kg) und Medetomidin (50 g/kg). Bei allen Patienten wurde mittels Tono-Pen® XL zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der IOP bestimmt: vor Narkoseeinleitung (Ausgangswert), nach Narkoseeinleitung nach 5, Zusammenfassung 86 10, 15 und 20 Minuten und direkt nach der Intubation sowie final nach Beendigung der Narkose während der Aufwachphase. Einige Tiere erhielten zur Vertiefung der Narkose vor der Intubation Propofol. Im Anschluss erfolgte eine ophthalmologische Untersuchung der Patienten, um eine Augenerkrankung auszuschließen. Ergebnisse: Der mittlere Ausgangs-IOP aller Tiere beträgt 15,8 mmHg. Mit p = 0,756 besteht kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen. Getrennt nach linken (OS) und rechten (OD) Augen ist der mittlere IOP 15,7 und 15,8 mmHg. Dieser Unterschied ist nicht signifikant (p = 0,442). Daher wird für die Auswertung der Mittelwert aller 6 Datenpunkte pro Tier und Messzeitpunkt zugrunde gelegt. Im Vergleich zum Ausgangswert zeigt die KX-Gruppe keine signifikanten IOP-Änderungen. Die KXAtr-Gruppe und die KM-Gruppe weisen zur Final-Messung einen signifikanten IOP-Abfall um 16 % (p = 0,012) bzw. 17 % (p = 0,021) im Vergleich zum Ausgangswert auf. Die KA-Gruppe zeigt zur 15-Minuten-Messung den stärksten IOP-Abfall mit 21 % Prozent (p = 0,001) gegenüber dem Ausgangswert. Ab der 10-Minuten-Messung bis zur post-Intubations-Messung ist der IOP-Abfall der KA-Gruppe signifikant. Für die Gesamtstichprobe hat die Intubation keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den IOP (p = 0,063). Die Gabe von Propofol zur Vertiefung der Narkose bei einzelnen Tieren hat ebenfalls keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den IOP (p = 0,42). Schlussfolgerung: Die verwendeten Ketamin-basierten Narkoseprotokolle bewirken bei der augengesunden Katze keinen signifikanten IOP-Anstieg. Die Gruppen KX, KXAtr und KM gewährleisten für den Zeitraum von 20 Minuten nach Narkoseeinleitung einen relativ stabilen IOP. Trotz des signifikanten IOP-Abfalls in der KA-Gruppe sind sämtliche IOP-Schwankungen aller Gruppen klinisch nicht relevant. Die gemessenen IOP-Werte bewegen sich alle im physiologischen Bereich. Zudem geben die Ergebnisse keinen Hinweis auf eine IOP-Steigerung infolge Propofolgabe und Intubation bei der Katze. / Ketamine is used in human medicine based on strict indications, mainly due to its numerous side effects. In veterinary medicine however Ketamine is commonly used to induce anesthesia intramuscularly throughout all species. To minimize the well known side effects Ketamine is used in combination with several other anesthetics and thus represents a safe anesthetic procedure in animals. Ophthalmological patients are a particular challenge for anesthetists with regard to maintaining the intraocular pressure (IOP). Conflicting data can be found in the literature about the effects of Ketamine on IOP in humans and various animal species. The literature also contains various statements about the effects of Propofol and endotracheal intubation on IOP. In this clinical trial we investigated the effects of commonly used Ketamine-based anesthetic protocols on IOP in cats. Motivated by conflicting statements in the literature the analysis of the effects of Propofol and endotracheal intubation on IOP was included in the study. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, blinded study. 48 adult cats without ophthalmological abnormalities, recruited from the pool of admitted surgical patients of the Department of Small Animal Medicine of the University of Leipzig were included in the study. The patients were assigned to one of the following four groups and anesthesia was induced intramuscularly. Cats in the KX-group were induced with Ketamine (10 mg/kg) and Xylazine (1 mg/kg). Cats in the KXAtr-group were induced with Ketamine (10 mg/kg), Xylazine (1 mg/kg) and Atropine (0,025 mg/kg). Cats in the KA-group were induced with Ketamine (20 mg/kg) and Acepromazine (0,5 mg/kg). Cats in the KM-group were induced with Ketamine (10 mg/kg) and Medetomidine (50 g/kg). In all patients the IOP was measured three times per eye using the Tono-Pen® XL at particular times: baseline IOP before induction of anesthesia, at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after induction of anesthesia, after intubation and final IOP after completion of surgery. Some cats received a single bolus of Propofol to be able to tolerate endotracheal intubation. After the final IOP-measurement all Zusammenfassung 88 cats were subjected to an ophthalmological examination, including slitlamp biomicroscopy and gonioscopy, in order to exclude patients with ophthalmological pathologies. Results: The mean baseline IOP for all animals is 15,8 mmHg (SD 4,0). There is no significant difference between the four groups (p = 0,756). The mean IOP for the right (OD) and left eyes (OS) of all patients was 15,8 mmHg and 15,7 mmHg, respectively. There is no significant difference between right (OD) and left eyes (OS) (p = 0,442). Therefore all further analyses are based on the mean of all six data points per animal and measuring time. The KX-group shows no significant IOP-change relative to baseline-IOP. The KXAtr and KM-group show a significant decrease in IOP of 16 % and 17 %, respectively, at the final measurement compared with baseline-IOP. The KA-group shows a significant decrease in IOP starting at 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia until the post-intubation measurement. The maximum decrease in IOP in this group is 21 % relative to baseline-IOP 15 minutes after induction of anesthesia. For the total data no significant influence of endotracheal intubation on IOP could be detected (p = 0,063). The application of Propofol in a total of 14 cats has no significant effect on IOP (p = 0,42). Conclusion: The Ketamine-based anesthetic protocols used in this study do not cause a significant increase in IOP in cats without ophthalmological abnormalities. The KX, KXAtr and KM-group ensure a relatively stable IOP for the time period of 20 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Despite the significant IOP-decrease in the KA-group none of the IOP-changes in all groups examined are of clinical relevance. All of the collected IOP-values are within the physiological range for cats. There is no evidence for an increase in IOP caused by endotracheal intubation or the application of Propofol.

En la primera parte se evalúan los efectos sedantes, adversos y sobre el sistema cardiorrespiratorio de la romifidina en la especie felina. Se utilizaron cinco y se realizaron 4 grupos experimentales: romifidina 200, 400 y 600 μg/Kg IM y medetomidina 80 μg/Kg IM. En la segunda parte se evalúa la combinación romifidina/ketamina en la especie felina. Se utilizaron siete gatos. Se realizaron 5 grupos experimentales: Romifidina 100 y 200 μg/Kg con ketamina 7,5 y 10 mg/Kg y romifidina 200 μg/Kg con ketamina 5 mg/Kg. Se monitorizó el grado de relajación muscular, la respuesta al clampado y el sistema cardiorrespiratorio durante 60 minutos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el efecto sedante de la romifidina puede ser útil en premedicación anestésica y en intervenciones no dolorosas. La romifidina potencia la actividad de la ketamina, y su combinación compensa parcialmente los efectos adversos de la misma. / Firstly, the sedative, cardio respiratory and adverse effects produced for the administration of romifidine were evaluated in five cats. Four experimental groups were established: romifidine 200, 400 and 600 μg/Kg in comparison to medetomidine 80 μg/Kg. Secondly, the anaesthetic quality, cardiorespiratory and adverse effects produced by the mixture of romifidine and ketamine were studied in seven cats. Five experimental groups were established: Romifidine 100 μg/Kg and ketamine 7.5 mg/Kg and 10 mg/Kg, romifidine 200 μg/Kg and ketamine 5 mg/Kg, 7.5 mg/Kg, and 10 mg/Kg. The drugs were administred intramuscularly. The results of this experience suggest that romifidine could be a good alternative as a sedative for the development of non-painful procedures, as well as anaesthetic pre-medication. Romifidine enhances the anaesthetic effects of ketamine and the disadvantages of each compound are well remedied in the combination. This mixture in combination wit h opioids could be a chance to perform minor surgery procedures.

The purpose of the present study is to compare ability estimations obtained from computerized adaptive testing (CAT) procedure with the paper and pencil test administration results of Student Selection Examination (SSE) science subtest considering different ability estimation methods and test termination rules. There are two phases in the present study. In the first phase, a post-hoc simulation was conducted to find out relationships between examinee ability levels estimated by CAT and paper and pencil test versions of the SSE. Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Expected A Posteriori were used as ability estimation method. Test termination rules were standard error threshold and fixed number of items. Second phase was actualized by implementing a CAT administration to a group of examinees to investigate performance of CAT administration in an environment other than simulated administration. Findings of post-hoc simulations indicated CAT could be implemented by using Expected A Posteriori estimation method with standard error threshold value of 0.30 or higher for SSE. Correlation between ability estimates obtained by CAT and real SSE was found to be 0.95. Mean of number of items given to examinees by CAT is 18.4. Correlation between live CAT and real SSE ability estimations was 0.74. Number of items used for CAT administration is approximately 50% of the items in paper and pencil SSE science subtest. Results indicated that CAT for SSE science subtest provided ability estimations with higher reliability with fewer items compared to paper and pencil format.

The Inner Piedmont (IP) is the Neoacadian migmatitic orogenic core of the southern Appalachians, exhibiting the widest area of high-grade metamorphism; regional upper amphibolite facies with isolated pods of granulite grade metamorphism. Peak P-T conditions in central GA reached 4.0-7.6 kbars and 630-715 ̊ C. The Brindle Creek fault (BCf) separates high-grade metasedimentary rocks of the eastern Tugaloo terrane (Tt) and Cat Square terrane (CSt). The Tt consists of the Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic(?) Tallulah Falls Formation, Chauga River Formation, and the Mid-Ordovician Poor Mountain Formation, intruded by Early to Middle Ordovician granitoids. The CSt consists of Siluro-Devonian metasedimentary rocks, such as sillimanite-schist, biotite gneiss, amphibolite, and minor calc-silicate, intruded by Acadian-Neoacadian plutons. Original termination of the CSt was mapped by the USGS just south of Athens, GA, against the central Piedmont suture; however, new evidence from aeromagnetic anomalies and detailed geologic mapping revealed that the CSt and BCf extend into central GA. The BCf truncates a suite of curved magnetic anomalies on the aeromagnetic map. The curved anomalies that truncate against the linear feature may represent the Neoacadian deflection of the IP southwestward along the crustally weak Brevard fault zone. Another prominent lineament was identified southeast of the BCf; detailed geologic mapping revealed an additional thrust sheet in the CSt. Mesozoic brittle reactivation of the late Paleozoic dextral Towaliga fault was also identified striking NE-SW through the field area. Multiple episodes of movement were observed in outcrop and at the micro-scale, defined by crosscutting fracture sets. Low temperature quartz mylonite (350-450 ̊ C) may signify continued shearing of the IP into the late Alleghanian orogeny.A felsic plutonic suite extends the length of the field area, consisting of three distinct granitoids: (1) an older biotite-rich megacrystic granite with megacrysts of K-feldspar; (2) a weakly foliated medium to coarse grained inequigranular granodiorite; and (3) a younger non-foliated fine-grained granodiorite. Analysis revealed that granitoids from central GA are similar texturally and petrographically with granitoids from NC’s CSt. Further whole-rock geochemical analysis revealed that these rocks share similar REE, trace element, and tectonic discriminate patterns. The most important point garnered from the trace element and REE patterns in spider diagrams, such as similarities in peaks and troughs, is that they must share either a common parent, process, or contaminant.