Introdução - O peso mais baixo ao nascimento (PN<3 kg) pode estar relacionado a modificações na composição corporal na infância e vida adulta, pois a desnutrição intra-utero pode se associar a diminuição de massa magra e muitas vezes ao aumento de massa gorda. O peso mais alto ao nascimento (PN3 kg) e/ou ganho ponderal acima de 2DP em relação ao peso de nascimento nos primeiros dois anos de vida (catch-up growth) também podem se associar ao aumento de massa gorda, IMC, circunferência abdominal e circunferência do pescoço. Objetivos - Verificar a associação entre peso ao nascimento, ganho de peso nos primeiros dois anos de vida e alteração na composição corporal na idade escolar. Materiais e métodos - Estudo transversal avaliando-se 124 crianças escolares com cinco anos de idade, matriculadas no primeiro ano de quatro escolas municipais e uma particular de Capão Bonito, SP. Foram investigados fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos através de questionários e realizadas medidas antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferências abdominal e do pescoço). A bioimpedanciometria foi utilizada para avaliação da composição corporal. O peso ao nascimento (PN) foi transcrito das fichas hospitalares dos recém-nascidos e o ganho de peso nos primeiros dois anos de vida, das carteiras de vacina ou prontuários médicos dos postos de saúde de Capão Bonito. Análise estatística - Para armazenamento e análise dos dados foi utilizado o software Stata versão 10. Foi estabelecido um nível de significância de 5 por cento . Para investigação das relações entre peso ao nascimento, ganho ponderal nos primeiros dois anos de vida e composição corporal aos 5 anos de idade, foi utilizada análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados O PN 3,0 kg, o catch-up growth (>2DP) e a obesidade materna se associaram a aumentos de média de massa gorda (p=0,036; p=0,007; p= 0,018, respectivamente); IMC (p=0,011; p=0,004; p=0,002, respectivamente) e circunferência abdominal (p= 0,002; p=0,001; p= 0,002, respectivamente). O PN 3 kg e catch-up growth se associaram (p=0,003 nos dois casos) ao aumento da média da circunferência do pescoço. Quando avaliados separadamente por sexo tanto o catch-up growth como a obesidade materna apresentaram associação com aumentos na média de massa gorda (p= 0,033 e p=0,014, respectivamente) e circunferência abdominal (0,048; 0,003, respectivamente) em meninos. A obesidade materna teve associação com maior media de IMC (p=0,001) no sexo masculino. O PN 3 kg esteve associado a aumentos de média de IMC (p=0,008), circunferência abdominal (p=0,001) e circunferência do pescoço em meninas (p=0,002). Conclusões Nesta pesquisa as maiores médias de massa gorda, IMC, circunferência abdominal estiveram associadas ao PN 3kg, catch-up growth e à obesidade materna. Maiores médias de circunferência de pescoço estiveram associadas ao PN 3kg e à ocorrência de catch-up. No sexo masculino as maiores médias de massa gorda e circunferência abdominal apresentaram associação positiva com a ocorrência de catch-up growth e obesidade materna. A maior média de IMC esteve associada à obesidade materna. Não houve associação entre a circunferência do pescoço e as variáveis independentes estudadas. No sexo feminino não foi observada associação de massa gorda com estas variáveis, contudo houve associação de maiores médias de IMC, circunferência abdominal e circunferência do pescoço com PN 3kg. Visando a prevenção e controle de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adultos, é importante considerar PN, catch-up growth, historia de obesidade materna e o sexo do individuo / Introduction: Sub nutrition during intra-uterine life may be related to a decrease in lean mass and, quite often, to an increase in fat mass. Therefore, lower birth weight (BW<3kg) may bear a relationship with changes in body composition during childhood and adult life. Heavier birth weight (BW3kg) and/or weight gain during the first two years above 2 DP in relation to birth weight (catch-up growth) may also be associated to increased fat mass, BMI, abdominal and neck circumferences. Objectives: To determine the relationship between birth weight, weight gain during the first two years of life and changes in body composition at school age. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty four children aged five years were included in a cross-sectional study carried out in Capão Bonito, SP, Brazil. A survey was carried out by means of structured questionnaires in order to establish socioeconomic and demographic parameters. In addition, anthropometric data (weight, height, abdominal and neck circumferences) were recorded for each student. Body composition was determined by bioimpedance measurements. Birth weight (BW) was obtained from medical records on file at the local hospital, while weight gain during the first two years was transcribed from the childs vaccination card or from medical files available at public health stations in Capão Bonito. Statistical Analysis: Data storage and analysis was carried out using the Stata statistical package, Version 1.0, using 5 per cent as the significance level. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between birth weight, weight gain during the first two years of life and changes in body composition at school age. Results: BW3.0 kg, catch-up growth (>2DP) and maternal obesity were related to increased fat mass (p=0,036; p=0,007; p= 0,018, respectively), BMI (p=0,011; p=0,004; p=0,002, respectively) and abdominal circumference (p=0,002; p=0,001; p=0,002, respectively). BW 3.0 kg, catch-up growth (>2DP) were associated (p=0,003 in both cases) with increased neck circumference. When the results were considered separately for boys and girls, for boys there was a relationship between the two variables: catch-up growth and maternal obesity with fat mass (p=0,033 and p=0,014, respectively) and abdominal circumference (p=0,048 and p=0,003, respectively). BW 3.0 kg was associated with increases in BMI (p=0,008), abdominal circumference (p=0,001) and neck circumference (p=0,002) in girls. Conclusions This research shows that high averages of fat mass, BMI and abdominal circumference were associated to three main factors: i) BW 3 kg; ii) catch-up growth and, iii) maternal obesity. It also shows that high averages of neck circumference were associated to BW 3 kg and to the occurrence of catch-up growth. For males, high averages of fat mass and high averages of abdominal circumference were positively associated to the occurrence of catch-up growth and maternal obesity; the highest average of BMI was associated to maternal obesity. There was no association between neck circumference and the independent variables studied. In contrast, for females this research did not show associations between fat mass and BW 3kg, catch-up growth or maternal obesity. However, there was a positive association between high averages of BMI, abdominal circumference and neck circumference with BW 3kg.These findings indicate that, in order to prevent and control overweight and obesity in children and adults, it is important to consider BW, catch-up growth, maternal obesity and gender

Im Rahmen eines vierjährigen Feldversuches wurden der Einfluss von Bodenbearbeitung, Bodenbedeckung und Stickstoffdüngung auf die N-Dynamik und N-Verlagerung während der Winterhalbjahre und deren Nachwirkungen auf die Hauptfrucht der nachfolgenden Vegetationsperiode untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass sich neben den Prüffaktoren auch Unterschiede der Vorfrucht und des Witterungsverlaufes auf die Höhe der Nitratauswaschung über Winter auswirkten. Generell führte der Anbau von Winterrübsen gegenüber der Brache erwartungsgemäß zu einer Reduzierung des N-Austrages, was sowohl auf die geringeren Sickerwassermengen als auch auf die geringeren Nitratkonzentrationen in der Bodenlösung zurückzuführen war. Die N-Konservierung der Winterrübsen wirkte sich auf die folgende Hauptfrucht positiv hinsichtlich der Stickstoffverfügbarkeit im Oberboden und der N-Aufnahme des Sommerweizens während dessen Standzeit aus. Der Schwerpunkt in der methodischen Vorgehensweise dieser Arbeit lag in der Erfassung der Sickerwassermengen zur Abschätzung der N-Verlagerung anhand der Daten der Nitratkonzentration in der Bodenlösung. Die Durchflussmengen im Boden wurden ausgehend von der klimatischen Wasserbilanz und unter Berücksichtigung der Veränderungen der Bodenwasservorräte bestimmt, die anhand von Messungen der Matrixpotentiale und der Kenntnis der Bodenwassercharakteristika im Profilverlauf des Bodens berechnet wurden. Dieser Ansatz wurde drei weiteren Ansätzen gegenübergestellt. Diese sind die klimatische Wasserbilanz, die klimatische Wasserbilanz unter Berücksichtigung der Veränderungen der Bodenwasservorräte anhand der volumetrischen Wassergehaltsmessung mit Hilfe der TDR-Messtechnik und die Bestimmung der Perkolation mittels Wasserleitfähigkeitsfunktionen und Potentialgradienten. Mögliche Fehlerquellen der verschiedenen Ansätze wurden diskutiert und Schlussfolgerungen für die praktische Versuchsdurchführung gezogen. / The influence of different tillage managements, soil covering and different nitrogen applications on the N-dynamic and N-leaching during winter and their effects during the following vegetation period have been investigated within the scope of a field trial of several years. Beside these treatments, differences of the preceding crop type and climatic conditions showed also effects on the amount of nitrate leaching during winter. The cultivation of winter rape compared to fallow reduced the N-leaching in accordance with the expectations; generally this was the result of lower rates of water flow as well as lower nitrate concentrations in the soil solution. During the successive vegetation periods the N-conservation by the catch crop led to higher nitrate contents in the soil, particularly in the upper layer, and to an increasing N-uptake of the fallowing spring wheat. Focal point of the methodical proceeding of this study was the recording of the downward water movement to estimate the N-leaching in combination with the nitrate concentration in the soil solution. The calculation of the water movement in the soil based on the climatic water balance in consideration of the variation of the soil water content; the changes in the soil water were determined by data of the soil matrix potential and the knowledge of the moisture characteristics of the horizons, their positions and their wideness. This approach was based to present the results, and was then compared with three other ones. These were the climatic water balance, the climatic water balance in consideration of the variation of the soil water content by data of the changes of the volumetric soil water content measured by ‘time domain reflectrometry’ and the calculation of water flow with hydraulic conductivity functions and data of the hydraulic potentials. Possible sources of error of the methods are discussed to draw conclusions for conducting field trials.

A pesca artesanal de pequena escala representa a principal fonte de proteína animal e tem um importante papel na atividade econômica das populações que dela dependem. Entretanto, a pesca de pequena escala também pode levar à diminuição dos estoques pesqueiros. Estratégias de manejo da pesca de pequena escala costumam se dar em diferentes níveis de organização: individual, comunitário e regional. Devido à limitação logística e financeira que as instituições de manejo da pesca enfrentam, é necessário direcionar os esforços para aprimorar o manejo. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar em qual escala espacial de manejo o desembarque pesqueiro no Rio Tapajós (Amazônia brasileira) é mais influenciado. Onze comunidades ribeirinhas pertencentes a diferentes categorias de unidades de conservação de uso sustentável tiveram seus pescadores entrevistados. Os desembarques foram avaliados por meio da biomassa capturada, da captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) e do rendimento econômico potencial. No total, 2013 desembarques pesqueiros, de 51 pescadores, durante 12 meses foram analisados. As variáveis com mais importância sobre a biomassa de peixes, a CPUE e o rendimento potencial foram aquelas correspondentes a escala espacial de manejo individual ligadas ao comportamento do pescador, juntamente com variáveis ambientais. Portanto, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que o manejo da pesca deve priorizar regras que influenciam o comportamento do pescador em face das características ambientais locais. / Small-scale artisanal fisheries represent the main source of animal protein and play an important role in the economic activity of the populations that depend on it. However, small-scale fisheries can also lead to decline of fish stocks. Small-scale fisheries management strategies tend to occur at different levels of organization: individual, communitarian and regional (groups of interest). Due to the logistical and financial limitations of fisheries management institutions, it is necessary to direct the efforts to improve management. The objective of this research is to determine in which spatial scale of management influence most the fish landings in the Tapajós River (Brazilian Amazon). Eleven riverine communities belonging to different categories of conservation units were sampled. Landings were assessed using the biomass of fish caught, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and potential economic yield. In total, 2013 fish landings of 51 fishermen during 12 months were analyzed. The variables with more importance on fish biomass, CPUE and potential yield were those corresponding to the spatial scale of individual linked to the fisherman’s behavior and environmental variables. Therefore, the results obtained in this study indicate that fisheries management should prioritize rules that influence the fisher’s behavior related to the local environmental characteristics.

Haul-by-haul steam trawler catch and effort data for 1918�23, 1937�43 and 1952�57, which covers a large portion of the history of steam trawling in the Australian South East Fishery, were examined in detail for the first time. There were 64,371 haul records in total. The catch-rate for all retained catch combined shows a strong decline overall, with a brief recovery during World War II, probably due to increased retention of previously discarded species. The fishing fleet moved to more distant fishing grounds and deeper waters as the catch-rate declined. The catch-rates of the main commercial species followed a similar pattern in a number of regions within the fishery. The catchrate of the primary target species � tiger flathead (Neoplatycephalus richardsoni) � dropped considerably from the early, very high, catch-rates. Chinaman leatherjacket (Nelusetta ayraudi) and latchet (Pterygotrigla polyommata) � species that were apparently abundant in the early years of the fishery � virtually disappeared from catches in later years. The appearance of greater catches of jackass morwong (Nemadactylus macropterus), redfish (Centroberyx affinis), and shark/skate during the war and afterwards was probably due to increased retention of catches of these species. The disappearance of certain species from the catch may be due to high fishing pressure alone, or to a combination of fishing pressure, changes in the shelf habitat possibly caused by the trawl gear, and environmental fluctuations. Catch-rates in weight per haul per species were standardised to annual indices of abundance using a log-linear model. Standardised annual index trends for flathead, latchet and leatherjacket indicate a strong to severe decline over the period covered by the data. All species showed seasonal patterns, but the peak season varied depending on the species. The distribution of standardised catch-rate by area also differed greatly by species, and no single area showed consistent differences across all species. Day trawls caught more flathead, redfish and latchet, while night trawls caught more morwong and leatherjacket. Moon phase had less influence on catch-rates than the other factors examined. Correlation of annual index trends with a number of annual mean environmental factors was examined and no strong correlations were found. Annual catches of the major commercial trawl species on the SE Australian shelf were estimated from recorded total trawl catches, catch species composition from subsamples and estimates of the rate of discarding. These annual catches, standardised indices of abundance and biological population parameters were used in single-species stock reduction models to estimate absolute biomass trends. Biological population parameters and the biomass estimates were used to calculate management reference point fishing mortality rates F0.1, Fspr30 and Fmsy. Results showed that simple plausible population models can be constructed that account for catches over the long period of time from 1915 to 1961. Simple mass-balance ecosystem models were built for the demersal community of the SE Australian shelf for 1915 and 1961 using the Ecopath software. Model inputs were consistent with a more comprehensive SE marine ecosystem model in development by CSIRO. The models demonstrate that biomass estimates produced by the single species stock reduction models can be consistently integrated into simple plausible massbalance ecosystem models. Modern stock assessments for the main commercial species in this fishery today mostly used data collected since about 1985. Abundance indices and total catch estimates from this study have been used in the most recent assessments for tiger flathead and morwong, allowing construction of the exploitation history for these species spanning almost 100 years. Use of the historical information has increased confidence in the estimates of the modern stock assessments � particularly management reference points, and has allowed us to quantify changes in fish abundance that have simply been documented anecdotally in the past.

This study investigates the impacts of regional characteristics on the early-stage performance of New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs) in catch-up regions where a mature industrial cluster has yet to be formed. It hypothesized that the average NTBF performance in a region is a function of its scientist job market conditions, cultural diversity, venture capital, academic research, industrial structure, and local entrepreneurial climate. Using the events of Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and Merger & Acquisitions (M&A) as an indicator of early-stage success of NTBFs, this study constructs a set of Zero-Inflated-Negative-Binomial (ZINB) models to predict the spatial distribution of such events in the U.S. biopharmaceutical and Information Technology (IT) service industries during the period from 1996 to 2005. Several empirical findings emerge from this study. First, the local entrepreneurial climate plays a significant and positive role on NTBF performance in both industries. Second, the positive impact of cultural diversity is more significant in the IT service industry than in the biopharmaceutical industry. Third, the scientist job market size and absolute salary level have positive impacts on NTBF performance, but the effect of relative salary level is negative. Fourth, proximity to venture capital firms has positive but non-linear effects, but the adverse effect of excess venture capital is stronger in the IT service industry. Fifth, there is little evidence of the direct effects of academic research in determining the NTBF performance in both industries. Finally, industrial specialization is significant and positive only in the IT service industry. The results suggest that promoting local entrepreneurial climate and cultural diversity are two effective policy instruments for catch-up regions to foster their NTBF growth.

Understanding the differential bonding mechanics underlying bleeding disorders is of crucial importance to human health. In this research insight is provided into how four of these bleeding disorders (each with somewhat similar clinical characteristics), work at the molecular bond level. The bleeding diseases studied here can result from defects in the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα the von Willebrand factor (vWF) molecule, or the ADAMTS-13 enzyme. Types 2B and 2M von Willebrand Disease (VWD) result in excess bleeding, yet type 2B has increased binding affinity between platelet GPIbα and vWF, while type 2M has decreased binding affinity between these two molecules. Platelet type VWD (pt-VWD) causes mutations in the GPIbα molecule and has similar characteristics to type 2B VWD. Further, in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, bleeding results when there is a lack of active ADAMTS-13 enzyme. Each disease results in patient bleeding, but due to different mechanisms. This dissertation will explore the bonding mechanics between GPIbα and vWF and how they are altered in each disease state. To observe the GPIbα-vWF bonding mechanics, rolling velocities, transient tethering lifetimes, and tether frequency were determined using a parallel plate flow chamber. Data from these experiments suggest that wt-wt interactions are force dependent and have biphasic catch-slip bonding behavior. The data show that the shear stress at which the maximum mean stop time occurs differs between gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations. Using similar methods, we study the changes resulting from pt-VWD mutations in GPIbα, and find that the catch bond seen for wt-wt interactions is lost for these mutations. Further, the data suggest that interactions with gain-of-function GPIbα mutations may be transport rather than force dependent. Finally, how the GPIbα-vWF tether bond changes for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was also investigated to show that the bond lifetime in the absence of the enzyme is increased presenting a possible rationale for why bleeding occurs in this disease. Overall, the data show how the bonding mechanics of the GPIbα-vWF tether bond differ in four bleeding diseases. Further, these observations offer potential explanations for how these changes in the bonding mechanism may play a role in the observed patient bleeding.

The aim of this thesis is to gain improved understanding of the income convergence between Finland and Sweden 1950-2000 with a focus on catch-up growth, wage formation, productivity growth, migration and structural change in a setting of structural and institutional differences on the factor markets. Earlier studies of Finnish and Swedish convergence has overlooked the international perspective and therefore missed the general European – US convergence during the period. The results shows that Sweden converged to 80 percent of the US productivity level in the early 1970s and is following US productivity growth thereafter. The Finnish catch-up growth towards the US continues until the beginning of the 1990s. This corresponds well with the convergence of labour productivity between Finland and Sweden which took place around 1970 and the gap was closed in the beginning of the 1990s. The convergence between the countries can therefore be understood from the catch-up growth against the USA and if the countries growth rates are plotted against their income level 1950 one can see that the two countries are well in line with other West European countries. This means that either country is deviating in a positive or negative direction during the period. This is to some extent in contrast with the view that has been put forward in the countries national economic historical writing where Finland is often since as a growth miracle while Sweden especially since 1970s is seen as a case of falling behind.      In order to explain the convergence scenario structural and institutional differences on the countries factor markets is examined. One aspect concerns Barry Eichengreens hypothesis regarding wage moderation as cause of the Post-War European convergence. The wage setting system in Sweden has been put forward by Eichengreen as a raw model for the type of institutional setting that would promote wage moderation. One central finding in this thesis is that we can not find support for wage moderation for Sweden as the labour share of the national income rises during the phase of Swedish catch-up growth while the labour income share was constant and periodically falling in Finland. In contrast with the view of the Finnish low interest rate policy during the post- the actual real interest rate was lower in Sweden.      There has also been a significant migration flow from Finland to Sweden especially from the 1950s to mid 1970s.  In the thesis we find a positive and significant relationship between wage and productivity differences on industry level between the countries. This supports the conclusion that migration was leading towards factor price convergence between the countries.      The shift-share analysis shows that there were higher gains for the productivity growth in reallocating labour on the Finnish labour market than in Sweden. This could be explained by the higher share of the labour in the agricultural sector as predicted by Peter Temin.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 YuriVAL_TESE.pdf: 1148530 bytes, checksum: bbc02b3ccb620b662b009f4dfd2dbaf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / The influence of temporal and spatial gradients of the abiotic variables was evaluated in an artificial reservoir in tropical semi-arid region, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte - BR. In relation to data on fisheries was held monthly during the course of one year (January 2012 to December 2012) through interviews with artisanal fishermen that use the reservoir as explored environment. Through the artisanal fishing landing, was sampled a total of 9932.65 kg fish, was parallel obeisant environmental data trying to find the relationship from entering the capture and environmental variables. Environmental variables were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The species caught in the reservoir were the peacock bass, tilapia, hake, curimatã and piau. The first two axes of the PCA explained 78.58% of the total variation of environmental data related to the reservoir. Axis 1 was positively influenced by pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total N, total-P, and negatively influenced by dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and precipitation. Once the first four variables (pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total-N, total-P) presenting a high level of redundancy, the two variables with minor amounts (total N, P total) were excluded for further analysis. The transparency and conductivity were the variables that most influenced the Axis 2, while Chlorophyll, showed no interaction with any of the two axes. According to the CCA, the abiotic oxygen factors dissolved, electrical conductivity and temperature, favored the increase of the capture of species curimatã, tilapia and piau these more factors transparency favored catch hake while the pH and total dissolved solids favored the increase in the catch of the peacock bass. Thus the results demonstrate that the environmental variables influence the capture of the species composition in the reservoir during the study Santa Cruz. During the second study The survey data was conducted on a quarterly basis over the years 2011 to 2014. Sampling was carried out in eight points distributed in the reservoir. Environmental variables observed in the study showed no difference in the spatial distribution. However, when observed in the temporal sense of statistical analysis indicated difference between the years in the reservoir. The rainfall proved to be a determining factor in the temporal dynamics of abiotic variables in the reservoir of Santa Cruz, mainly temperature; pH; Dissolved oxygen; oxygen saturation; electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. The reservoir of Santa Cruz, showed a trend of increase in total dissolved solids concentrations, high electrical conductivity and pH, characteristics that indicate eutrophication trend in this environment / A influência dos gradientes temporal e espacial sobre as variáveis abióticas foi avaliada em um reservatório artificial no semiárido tropical, localizado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte – BR. Em relação aos dados sobre a pesca, foi realizado mensalmente durante o ciclo de um ano (janeiro de 2012 à dezembro de 2012), através de entrevistas com os pescadores artesanais que utilizam o reservatório como ambiente explorado. Através do desembarque da pesca artesanal, foi amostrado um total de 9.932,65 kg pescado, paralelamente foi mesurado os dados ambientais buscando encontrar a relação entrem à captura e variáveis ambientais. As variáveis ambientais foram analisadas através da Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). As espécies capturadas no reservatório foram a tucunaré, tilápia, pescada, curimatã e piau. Os dois primeiros eixos da PCA, explicou 78,58% da variação total dos dados ambientais relacionados com o reservatório. Eixo 1 foi positivamente influenciado pelo pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), N-total, P-total, e influenciado negativamente por oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura e precipitação. Uma vez que as quatro primeiras variáveis (pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), N-total, P-total) apresentando um alto nível de redundância, as duas variáveis com os menores valores (N-total, P-total) foram excluídos de análises posteriores. A transparência e condutividade foram as variáveis que mais influenciou o Eixo 2, enquanto que a Clorofila, não apresentou interação com nenhum dos dois eixos. De acordo com a CCA, os fatores abióticos oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica e temperatura, favoreceram o aumento da captura das espécies de curimatã, tilápia e piau, esses fatores mais a transparência favoreceram a captura da pescada, enquanto, o pH e sólidos totais dissolvidos favoreceu o aumento na captura do tucunaré. Desta forma os resultados demonstram que as variáveis ambientais influenciaram na composição da captura de espécies durante o estudo no reservatório de Santa Cruz. Durante o segundo estudo O levantamento dos dados foi realizado de forma trimestral ao longo dos anos de 2011 a 2014. As amostragens foram realizadas em oito pontos distribuídos no reservatório. As variáveis ambientais observadas no estudo não apresentou diferença na distribuição espacial. Entretanto, quando observado no sentido temporal a analise estatística indicou diferença entre os anos no reservatório. A precipitação pluviométrica revelou-se um fator determinante na dinâmica temporal das variáveis abióticas no reservatório de Santa Cruz, principalmente temperatura; pH; oxigênio dissolvido; saturação de oxigênio; condutividade elétrica e sólidos totais dissolvidos. O reservatório de Santa Cruz, demonstrou uma tendência de aumento nas concentrações de sólidos totais dissolvidos, elevação da condutividade elétrica e pH, características que indicam uma tendência de eutrofização deste ambiente / 2017-04-03

The thesis focuses on catch crops and crop rotation used in conventional agriculture and the possibility of their utilization in anti-erosion protection. The thesis includes a research which describes land consolidation and the main territorial systems which allow anti-erosion protection. Different kinds of erosion and the crop rotation are described in this thesis. The chapter about catch crops is focused on the inclusion of catch crops into the crop rotation. The goal of this study is to assess the real suggested actions used during the land consolidation and to compare their effectiveness with the effectiveness of crop rotation including catch crops.