Background: Substantial variation exists between ethnicities in both birth weight and the prevalence of obesity-related non-communicable diseases (OR-NCDs). South Asians, who display a reduced birth weight and increased risk of developing these OR-NCDS, have been the focus of much of the research into the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm. However, little research utilising ultrasonically derived estimates of fetal growth has been conducted. The use of more direct measures of fetal growth may also enable the identification of relationships between patterns of fetal growth with patterns of postnatal growth, explicitly, whether periods of restricted or rapid growth lead to postnatal catch-up or down, respectively. The known differences in birth weight existing between South Asians and White British infants may also have implications for the assessment of neonatal health in these sub-groups when using a population derived birth weight chart, such as the UK-World Health Organisation (UK-WHO). Customised charts, which adjust for maternal variables including ethnicity, have been recommended for clinical practice, yet evidence for their efficacy is varied. Objectives: The aims of this thesis were to: 1) investigate whether fetal growth patterns differ between Pakistani and White British foetuses and determine whether maternal size and demographic variables mediate any such differences; 2) produce a birth weight chart adjusting for ethnicity and compare this to the UK-WHO and customised birth weight charts to determine which chart better identifies neonates at risk of the adverse delivery and neonatal outcomes associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA); 3) identify whether there is evidence of weight growth tracking between fetal and infant periods and determine whether patterns of fetal growth predict patterns of postnatal growth. Methods: All data come from the Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort. Objective 1: Multilevel models and fractional polynomials were employed for the modelling of fetal weight, head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC) growth. Potential mediators of the effect of being of Pakistani origin were entered into the model and the effect on the ethnicity variable was assessed. Objective 2: Ethnic specific birth weight charts (BiB) were constructed using the LMS method. SGA and LGA were defined as a birth weight <10th and >90th relative to the BiB, the UK-WHO or the customised charts. Sensitivity, specificity, positive & negative predictive values and area-under-the curve were calculated for each of the three charts SGA and LGA cut-offs, to assess the predictive ability of each chart for a range of delivery and neonatal outcomes. Objective 3: Multilevel models were employed for the modelling of fetal and postnatal growth. Fitted values were produced at 20, 30, 40 prenatal weeks & 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 postnatal months in both an internal reference and the sample population. Z scores were calculated and conditional Z scores were generated to account for regression to the mean. Growth tracking was defined as change in Z score ≤ 0.67 & ≥ -0.67. Restricted and rapid fetal growth were defined as a change in Z score in the fetal period of <-0.67 and >0.67, respectively. Catch-down and catch-up growth were defined in the same way, except in the postnatal period. ANOVAs were used to test for differences in size and growth by type of fetal growth. Furthermore, logistic regression and a sensitivity and specificity analysis were employed to examine the predictive ability of the type of fetal growth. Results: Objective 1: Pakistani fetuses were significantly smaller and lighter than White British fetuses, throughout gestation. In terms of weight, Pakistani fetuses were approximately 2.25% lighter at 20 weeks, 4.13% at 30 weeks and 5.94% at 40 weeks. The differences in size for AC and HC between the two groups were not as great, with the AC and HC of Pakistani fetuses being approximately 4.1% and 1.25% smaller, respectively, at 40 weeks. Despite these significant differences in size the pattern of growth for HC and weight was not significantly different between the two groups. There was a trend for Pakistani fetuses to display a greater deceleration of growth in the final trimester (figure 4-12). The biggest mediators of the effect of being of Pakistani origin were maternal height and weight. Objective 2: Classifying infants as SGA or LGA by the BiB, UK-WHO or customised charts had low predictive utility for the outcomes under investigation. Despite the fact that the BiB ethnic specific birth weight reference provided significantly better prediction for more outcomes than both the UK-WHO and customised charts in both White British and Pakistani infants, with the exception of shoulder dystocia, AUROC values for all three charts were all below 0.61. Objective 3: The prevalence of tracking within the same centile band from 20 weeks gestation to 2 years was 10.82%. Infants who experienced restricted fetal growth remained significantly lighter than those who had not, for the duration of infancy. In this group however, there was a pattern of greater growth than expected during infancy. This was opposite to the pattern observed in infants who had experienced rapid fetal growth, who exhibited less growth than expected during infancy. However, the ability of the type of fetal growth to predict the pattern of postnatal growth was minimal, with only rapid fetal growth being significantly associated with increased odds of catch-down growth in infancy. Conclusions: No ethnic difference in the pattern of growth was found in terms of the whole body (weight) or in HC. The trend for reduced growth of the AC in Pakistanis may be a result of a reduced growth of the visceral organs during the third trimester, which may lead to both an altered liver metabolism and impaired renal function in post-natal life. Although being small or large at birth may increase the risk of an adverse neonatal outcome, size alone is not sensitive or specific enough with current detection to be a useful clinical tool. The finding that neither restricted nor rapid fetal growth predicted postnatal catch-up growth may suggest that the timing of canalisation is outside of the fetal period. If infant catch-up and down growth are not associated with periods of restricted or rapid fetal growth, the definitions of these growth patterns may need revising.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Claudia Nessi Zonenschain.pdf: 2218637 bytes, checksum: 96ec388650808f3513785a54c6f43908 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-15 / This thesis analyses the Chinese catch-up process from an institutional-historical perspective. It follows a gerschenkronian inspired approach and its purpose is to identify some of the unique characteristics of this experience and the understanding of its importance for the success of the catch-up. The specific pattern of gradual political and economic transition and the acting profile of the Chinese Communist Party in leading the process render a particular design to the Chinese experience. They are subject to specific history and institutions and give rise to institutional arrangements unprecedented in history. The huge dimensions of China, the diversity among regions and the impossibility of controlling and coordinating all the economic actions, together with other important elements which characterize the environment in which the Chinese enterprises are inserted (including those which derive from a deliberate action by the Party-State) create a fertile field for the accomplishment of experiments and the raising of innovating and creative initiatives which are rapidly spread, giving place to the development of complex industries with increasing levels of productivity and technological autonomy. The thesis is comprised of three articles which are, to some extent, independent in themselves. On the other hand, they are complementary to the effect that the subject of the two first ones constitutes a conceptual reference to the approach of the third article. The first article deals with the institutional-historical framework. The second one brings forth discussions and contrasts regarding concepts of catch-up and convergence. The third article deals with the Chinese catch-up experience. / Esta tese analisa o processo de catch-up chin?s a partir de uma perspectiva hist?ricoinstitucionalista. Seguindo uma abordagem de inspira??o gerschenkroniana, o objetivo ? identificar algumas caracter?sticas ?nicas dessa experi?ncia e compreender sua import?ncia para o sucesso do catch-up. O padr?o espec?fico de transi??o pol?tica e econ?mica gradual e o perfil da atua??o do Partido Comunista Chin?s na condu??o deste processo imprimem um desenho pr?prio ? experi?ncia chinesa. S?o condicionados por uma hist?ria e por institui??es espec?ficas e d?o origem a arranjos institucionais sem precedente hist?rico. A enorme dimens?o da China, a diversidade entre regi?es e a impossibilidade de controlar e coordenar todas as a??es econ?micas, junto a outros elementos importantes que caracterizam o ambiente em que as empresas chinesas est?o inseridas (inclusive aqueles que decorrem da a??o deliberada do Estado-Partido) criam um campo f?rtil para a realiza??o de experimenta??es e para o surgimento de iniciativas criativas e inovadoras que s?o rapidamente difundidas, dando ensejo ao desenvolvimento de ind?strias complexas e com n?veis crescentes de produtividade e de autonomia tecnol?gica. A tese est? organizada em tr?s artigos que s?o, em parte, independentes entre si. Por outro lado, s?o complementares, na medida em que os temas dos dois primeiros constituem referencial anal?tico para a abordagem do terceiro. O primeiro artigo trata do marco conceitual hist?rico-institucionalista. No segundo s?o discutidos e contrastados os conceitos de catch-up e de converg?ncia. O terceiro artigo examina a experi?ncia chinesa de catch-up.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-08-21T18:59:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaSousa.pdf: 2280503 bytes, checksum: a06b53b8d68a96973316e3b881bd15d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T18:59:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaSousa.pdf: 2280503 bytes, checksum: a06b53b8d68a96973316e3b881bd15d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Introduction: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth (PT) are considered to be public health problems in developing countries. The occurrence of catch-up favors the ability of these infants to obtain equivalent growth to that of infants born without IUGR and at term. Objective: To assess the influence of IUGR and of PT on the occurrence of catch-up in weight and BMI in schoolchildren from two birth cohorts from cities with contrasting socioeconomic conditions in the Northeast and Southeast of Brazil. Method: A total of 1,463 children were studied, from whom information was collected at birth and at school age in 1994 and 2004/2005 in Ribeirão Preto, SP (RP) and in 1997/1998 and 2005/2006 in São Luís, MA (SL). The response variable was defined as the difference in weight and BMI between the Z-score of the schoolchild and the Z-score at birth. A change in Z-score ≥ 0.67 was considered to be catch-up. The explanatory variable was divided into four categories: without IUGR and at term (NIUGR-T), only IUGR (IUGR-T), only PT (NIUGR-PT), and PT plus IUGR (IUGR-PT). Estimates of the relative risk for catch-up in weight were obtained by logistic regression in separate models for each city. Results: RP children had a greater proportion of both catch-up than SL children. In RP, 90.8% of IUGR-PT and 70.8% of NIUGR-PT (it was more frequent in pre-terms, restricted or not) caught up in weight at school age. In SL, the NIUGR-PT and IUGR-T caught up in a similar way. There was no difference between genders. Regarding marital status, in RP, no difference was found, however, in SL, the odds of catching up at 7 years old was 65% lower for those schoolchildren whose mothers did not have a partner. Having only one child, both in RP and in SL, increased almost twofold (OR=1.89 in RP and 1.83 in SL) the odds of the schoolchild catching up; and receiving up to 5 times the monthly minimum wage decreased by 50% the odds of catching up in SL, although no difference was found in RP. The head of the family’s occupation being unqualified manual labor or unemployed decreased by half the odds of catching up in both cities. Maternal age and education level were not associated to catchup in school age. Conclusion: In both cities, children born preterm with/without IUGR had a greater proportion of catch-up in weight and without IUGR and at term in BMI. / Introdução: A restrição de crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) e o nascimento pré-termo (PT) são considerados problemas de saúde pública nos países em desenvolvimento. A ocorrência de catch-up propicia que estes consigam equiparar seu crescimento ao das crianças nascidas sadias. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da RCIU e do PT na ocorrência de catch-up de peso e IMC em escolares de duas coortes de nascimentos de cidades com condições socioeconômicas contrastantes. Método: Foram estudadas 1.463 crianças, cujas informações foram coletadas ao nascer e na idade escolar em 1994 e 2005/06 em Ribeirão Preto, SP (RP) e em 1997/98 e 2005/06 em São Luís, MA (SL). A variável resposta foi definida pela diferença entre o escore z do escolar e escore z ao nascimento do peso e IMC. Considerou-se como catch-up uma mudança de escore z de ≥ 0,67. A variável explanatória foi dividida em quatro categorias: sem RCIU e a termo (TNR), só RCIU (TR), só PT (PTNR) e PT com RCIU (PTR). Estimativas do risco relativo para catch-up de peso foram obtidas por regressão logística em modelos separados por cidade. Resultados: O fenômeno “catch-up” tanto de peso quanto de IMC foi mais evidente em RP para todas as categorias das chamadas condições de nascimento. Para ambas as cidades a maior incidência de catch-up de peso se deu para os PT e/ou com RCIU, já o de IMC para os TNR. Não houve diferença entre os sexos. Ter somente 1 filho, maior renda familiar e escolaridade materna além da ocupação do chefe mais qualificada aumentou a frequência do catch-up de peso e IMC em ambas as cidades. Conclusão: Não só condições biológicas ao nascer mas também as condições de vida, tais como, acesso aos serviços de saúde e melhor oferta de alimentos nas idades mais precoces da criança influenciam na ocorrência de catch-up de peso e IMC nas duas cidades estudadas.

Fokuset i denna uppsats ligger på att undersöka hur vilken roll Catch Up spelar för de unga vuxnas återintegrering i samhället via studier och arbete. Studien vill vidare undersöka om större förmåga att integrera sig i samhället stärker deltagarens egen roll i samhället, ändrar dennes attityder mot sig själv och andra samt ökar kommunikationsförmågan. Genom denna studie hoppas vi kunna bidra till en ökad förståelse av de socialpsykologiska problem som de unga vuxna deltagarna i Catch Up upplever samt kunna förklara de problem mekanismer som försvårar unga vuxnas integrering i samhället. Verksamheten Catch Up ligger i Skövde kommun och är en del av socialtjänsten. Verksamhetens mål är myndighetssamverkan kring unga vuxna i åldrarna 18-29. För att delta i verksamheten ska individen vara beroende av försörjningsstöd samt ha ett hinder av någon form, t ex. psykisk ohälsa. Uppsatsen utgår från den symbolisk interaktionistiska traditionen med inslag av teorin om symboliskt kapital. Tillvägagångssättet har en kvalitativ grund med semistrukturerad intervju, där åtta deltagare på Catch Up intervjuades. Resultatet visade att uppmärksamheten individerna får från Catch Ups personal gör att de kan ändra sin attityd gentemot sig själv och samhället till mer positivt. Dessutom ökar och effektivera de sin kommunikationsförmåga samt skapar en större tillit till sin sociala kontext.

Technological backwardness is the common problem for all developing nations. The acquisition and creation of advanced technologies are the common dreams of these catch-up economies. How to build up the adequate technological innovation system for high-tech industries is the major challenge to all catching-up economies. Because of the success of technological development, this research will investigate the technology innovation and diffusion system by taking the IC industry in Chinese Taipei as a case study. The purpose of this research is the provide a guide for the future direction of technological innovation and diffusion systems and of share experience on the development of technology in the IC industry of Chinese Taipei with other catch-up economies. This paper first presents hottest study topics: Knowledge Management and National Innovation System (NIS), next introduced two analytical frameworks --- the technological trajectory framework and the multiple cooperation framework --- which are used as tools to describe the evolution of technological development in catch up economies. It will then propose a technological innovation and diffusion system for catch up economies. The structure and components of the system will be discussed and a questionnaire survey designed for the IC industry in Chinese Taipei. The results of the survey will be discussed and future development of the technological innovation and diffusion system of the IC industry in Chinese Taipei will be proposed by this research.

The aim of this thesis was to analyze, if the Czech Republic is ready to adopt the Euro and to evaluate benefits and risks of this step. The analysis is comlemented by evaluation of Maastricht criteria, and there is a short view of their fulfilling in the future. The problem of real convergence is discussed in the following chapter. I paid attention to business cycle synchronization in selected countries, to the situation on the Czech labour market and the fiscal policy. Both of them could play the important role after transition to commom monetary policy as other adjustable mechanisms. These mechanisms would help to absorb asymetric shocks our economy after joining eurozone. Finally I explain the dilemma of exchange rate mechanism ERM II and I mention the impact of global crisis on decision on adopting Euro in the Czech Republic.

Despite being safe and effective, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates are lower than other recommended adolescent vaccines. CDC recommends catch-up vaccination for all persons through age 26 years if not adequately vaccinated when younger making college campuses an important site for catch-up vaccination programs. The project is a quality improvement project being implemented on a public southeastern college campus. The campus health services clinic is the setting for the practice change. Aims: The overall purpose of the QI project is to enhance usage of current CDC HPV recommendations and increase campus population awareness of HPV. Processes: The project received a “Determination of Not Human Subjects Research” from the ETSU Human Research Protection Program. Staff in-service detailing the practice change for routine HPV vaccine status assessment and promotion of HPV vaccination, based on CDC HPV recommendations. Digital-based HPV education materials are being shared with both health services and the student wellness ambassador group. The ambassador group will share items with the campus community via social media and flyers. An optional, anonymous survey will be available when accessing the digital HPV content. De-identified chart audit data will be monitored to assess adoption of the practice change. Nonidentifiable digital access data will be used to assess usage of the educational materials. Results: The final results of the QI project will not be available. Preliminary descriptive statistics will be presented. Limitations: The vaccine isn’t available on campus and the electronic health record lacks directed HPV vaccine assessment on most visit forms. Conclusions: The preliminary conclusions and impact will be presented.

This dissertation unpacks "innovation" along its constituent dimensions, namely technological, geographic, and people. I study how these dimensions interact among each other to define the course or trajectory of innovation. The setting for this study is the global wind power industry, a rapidly evolving innovation-intensive emerging industry. The innovations are studied at two levels - location-level and firm-level. At the location-level, I measure breadth and depth of innovation along the three dimensions. I then examine how the innovation breadth and depth at a location impact the locations' innovation performance. I find negative curvilinear effects for both but breadth having a larger impact than depth. Since breadth has the potential to develop earlier than depth, I argue that late entering new locations can catch-up faster with leading incumbent locations in emerging industries. At the firm-level, I study the development of firm's innovation capabilities. A special focus is given to emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) as they start with lower amounts of technological and market knowledge but exhibit a fast catch-up to get on par with the industry leading advanced economy multinationals (AMNEs). EMNEs are catching up with AMNEs even in emerging, high technology industries, where their knowledge-based disadvantages are most severe. I explain this phenomenon by distinguishing between output and innovation capabilities. By comparing the knowledge bases of an industry leading AMNE and a fast follower EMNE, I find that AMNE's knowledge base is deeper and composed of more distinct technology groups than that of the EMNE. Thus, although the EMNE has caught up in terms of output capabilities, it still lags in terms of innovation capabilities. Next, I study closely the process of innovation catch-up by analyzing firms' R&D internationalization strategies. I study EMNE R&D internationalization by comparing it to that by AMNE to find that its purpose and drivers are different for EMNEs. While the internationalization of AMNEs' R&D activities can to a large extent be explained in terms of the twin strategies of competence exploitation and competence creation, EMNE R&D internationalization is rooted in the firms' overall catch-up strategy to get on par with industry leaders. An in-depth comparison of knowledge flows reveals that within AMNEs, headquarters often serves the primary source of knowledge for R&D subsidiaries. In contrast, within EMNEs, headquarters accesses knowledge from R&D subsidiaries in advanced economies for innovation catch-up. Within this dichotomy, accessing is more difficult and slower than sourcing making EMNE innovation catch-up harder and slower. / Business Administration/Strategic Management

Yes / Integrating and extending new growth theory and resource-based views, this paper provides a theoretical foundation for the catch-up hypothesis. It examines the role of technology gap, technological capability, and cultural proximity in local firms’ catch-up with MNEs. Hypotheses are developed and tested with a dynamic model on a large firm-level panel dataset from Chinese manufacturing. The results confirm that catch-up is positively related to technology gap and technological capability. Furthermore, in the presence of cultural proximity, the speed of local Chinese firms’ catch-up with MNEs from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan is not significantly lower than that with other MNEs. / The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC: 71302179 and 71240026); the Project of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ministry of Education, China (Project No. 11XJA630001), and the “211 project” of the Southwestern University of Finance and Economics.

Submitted by Rafael Kuramoto Gonzalez (rafael_k_gonzalez@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-23T14:48:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Final_Rafael_Kuramoto_Gonzalez.pdf: 7373873 bytes, checksum: 4e120ff57a6ae6198920ff7722bd7d8f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2016-03-23T18:45:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Final_Rafael_Kuramoto_Gonzalez.pdf: 7373873 bytes, checksum: 4e120ff57a6ae6198920ff7722bd7d8f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-03-30T14:42:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Final_Rafael_Kuramoto_Gonzalez.pdf: 7373873 bytes, checksum: 4e120ff57a6ae6198920ff7722bd7d8f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T14:42:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Final_Rafael_Kuramoto_Gonzalez.pdf: 7373873 bytes, checksum: 4e120ff57a6ae6198920ff7722bd7d8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This thesis concerns about the technological development and innovation in natural resources’ intensive industries in the context of emerging economies. The thesis explores how the accumulation of technological capabilities and the learning mechanisms influenced the technological trajectory in the sugarcane bioethanol industry in Brazil, during the period from mid-1970 to 2014. Much progress has been made in understanding the technological catch-up process of firms and industries in emerging economies. However, these studies often explore the process of technological catch-up related to technological trajectories already mapped by world leaders in manufacturing and processing industries. Part of this studies ignore that the development of industrial activities could occur in natural resources’ intensive industries. In addition, between academic researchers and policy makers, natural resources’ intensive industries are encapsulated as commodities and low-tech, characterized by a limited opportunity for technological learning and accumulation of technological capabilities. However, the process of industrialization in natural resources’ intensive industries in regions such as Latin America is poorly understood and there are scarce research investigating the process of technological catch-up systematically in industrial level, with rare exceptions. Based on evidence from sugarcane bioethanol industry in Brazil, this research explores a process of technological catch-up that has received little attention in the literature. To examine this issue, this research adopts a qualitative design based on a case study strategy at industry level, with extensive fieldwork and collection of firsthand empirical evidence with long-term coverage on 20 organizations. This research found that: (1) The technological trajectory’s evolution of sugarcane bioethanol industry in Brazil was characterized by the opening of a different direction from that mapped by existing technology leaders. This qualitative shift process of the dominant technological trajectory started during the early stages of technology development. So, the industry went through a trajectory of early entry in path-creating; (2) The evolution of this technological trajectory did not happen in a homogeneous way. Were found three relatively distinct patterns of accumulation of technological capabilities for specific technological functions (or areas): feedstock, agricultural processes and industrial processes. In feedstock and industrial processes technological functions there an accumulation of technological capabilities of global leadership, while in the agricultural processes technological function the accumulation of technological capabilities has not evolved beyond the intermediate level; (3) These capabilities were accumulated in a disperse way among industry’s actors (producer firms, research institutes, universities, suppliers, biotechnology companies and etc.) and made possible the opening of exploration of new businesses, albeit modestly exploited; (4) The subtle heterogeneity found in the patterns of technological capabilities accumulation was influenced by a combination of technological learning processes used by the industry over time. Finally, the research also found that this technological trajectory contributed to generate significant implications and was also influenced by other factors. Nevertheless, these results deserve more systematic research effort. Therefore, this research concludes that relevant technological positions, especially for industries from emerging economies, can be achieved through technological trajectories that are not based necessarily on dominant technologies, already exploited by world leaders in advanced economies. Thus, alternative processes of catch-up may be highly relevant for obtaining industrial progress. Furthermore, the research concludes that natural resources’ intensive industries offer opportunities for significant innovations and can be protagonists in this alternative catch-up process, particularly in the context of countries with abundance of natural resources. Therefore, this research contributes to generate new evidence and explanations that help us expand the notion of alternatives to the industrial and economic development in the context of emerging economies. In the debate on industrial and economic development, alternative technological trajectories, as well as intensive industries in natural resources, should receive special attention by public policy makers and business actions. / Esta tese diz respeito ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e inovação em indústrias intensivas em recursos naturais no contexto de economias emergentes. A tese explora como a acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas e os mecanismos de aprendizagem influenciaram a trajetória tecnológica na indústria de bioetanol de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, durante o período de meados da década de 1970 a 2014. Muito se avançou na compreensão do processo de catch-up tecnológico de empresas e indústrias de economias emergentes. Contudo, essas pesquisas geralmente exploram o processo de catch-up tecnológico relacionado às trajetórias tecnológicas já mapeadas pelos líderes mundiais em indústrias de manufatura e transformação. Parte desses estudos ignora que o desenvolvimento de atividades industriais poderia ocorrer em indústrias intensivas em recursos naturais. Além disso, indústrias intensivas em recursos naturais são geralmente encapsuladas como commodities e low-tech, caracterizadas por uma limitada oportunidade de aprendizagem tecnológica e acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas. Entretanto, o processo de industrialização em indústrias intensivas em recursos naturais em regiões como a América Latina ainda é pouco compreendido e são escassas as pesquisas que investigam o processo de catch-up tecnológico em nível de indústria, com raras exceções. Baseando-se em evidências da indústria de bioetanol do Brasil, esta pesquisa explora um processo de catch-up tecnológico que tem recebido pouca atenção na literatura. Esta pesquisa adotou um desenho qualitativo com base em uma estratégia de estudo de caso em nível de indústria, com extensivo trabalho de campo e coleta de evidências empíricas de primeira mão com cobertura de longo prazo em 20 organizações. Esta pesquisa encontrou que: (1) a evolução da trajetória tecnológica da indústria de bioetanol no Brasil caracterizou-se pela abertura de uma direção distinta daquela mapeada por líderes tecnológicos existentes. Esse processo de desvio qualitativo da trajetória tecnológica dominante iniciou durante os primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento tecnológico. Assim, a indústria percorreu uma trajetória de entrada precoce em path-creating; (2) a evolução dessa trajetória tecnológica não se deu de maneira homogenia. Foram encontrados três padrões relativamente distintos de acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas para funções (ou áreas) tecnológicas específicas: feedstock, processos agrícolas e processos industriais. Nas funções de feedstock e processos industriais, houve acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas de liderança mundial, enquanto na função processos agrícolas a acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas não evoluiu além do nível intermediário; (3) essas capacidades foram acumuladas de forma dispersa entre os atores da indústria (empresas produtoras, institutos de pesquisa, universidades, fornecedores, empresas de biotecnologia etc.) e possibilitaram a abertura de oportunidades de exploração de novos negócios, ainda que modestamente aproveitadas; e (4) a sutil heterogeneidade encontrada nos padrões de acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas foi influenciada pela combinação de mecanismos de aprendizagem tecnológica utilizados pela indústria ao longo do tempo. Por fim, constatou-se também que essa trajetória tecnológica contribuiu para gerar implicações significativas e foi também influenciada por fatores outros. Não obstante, esses resultados merecem esforço de investigação mais sistemático, uma vez que foram examinados aqui de forma superficial. Concluiu-se, portanto, que posições tecnológicas relevantes, especialmente por indústrias de economias emergentes, podem ser alcançadas por meio de trajetórias tecnológicas que não se baseiam, necessariamente, em tecnologias dominantes, já exploradas por líderes mundiais, de economias avançadas. Assim, os processos alternativos de catch-up podem ser altamente relevantes para a obtenção de progresso industrial. Ademais, a pesquisa concluiu que as indústrias intensivas em recursos naturais oferecem oportunidades para inovações significativas, e podem ser protagonistas nesse processo de catch-up alternativo, particularmente no contexto de países abundantes em recursos naturais. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa contribui para gerar novas evidências e explicações que nos ajudem a ampliar a noção de alternativas para o desenvolvimento industrial e econômico no contexto de economias emergentes. No debate sobre desenvolvimento industrial e econômico, as trajetórias tecnológicas alternativas, bem como as indústrias intensivas em recursos naturais, deveriam receber uma atenção especial por parte de decisores de políticas públicas e de ações empresariais.