This study investigated whether the PGCE adequately develops the WIL skills of student teachers. WIL skills have contributed extensively to the effectiveness of the facilitation of teaching and learning in schools. The definitions of WIL in this study refer to the skills required to succeed in practice. The four domains of Danielson provide the WIL skills, namely Preparation and Planning, the School Environment, Instruction and Professional Responsibilities. The study showed that there is a link between the four domains and the capacity of student teachers to integrate the theory they acquire at the HEIs and practice in the schools. The quantitative approach is referred to by Creswell (2005:39) as a type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study, asks specific narrow questions, collects numeric data, which is numbered data from participants, analyzes these numbers using statistics, and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner. As this study requires numeric data that ask specific questions, two questionnaires were distributed. One questionnaire was directed at school – based mentors and the other at PGCE student teachers. The mentors rated the students’ capacity in the four domains and the students rated themselves on the same items based on the four domains. The research instrument provides insight from school-based mentors with regard to whether there is a balance between the theoretical knowledge provided by HEIs and the WIL skills that student - teachers need. The questionnaires completed by PGCE student teachers provided perspectives from the students with regard to the relevance of their WIL skills for the schools at which they were placed. The hypothesis for this study is: The PGCE makes a significant contribution to the development of the WIL skills of ITE student teachers. Some of Some of the key findings in this study indicated that: • Constant curriculum changes in the schools create uncertainty for student teachers. • Student teachers need assistance to motivate learners to take pride in their work and achievements. • Managing learner behaviour is cause for concern for student teachers. • Language proficiency continues to be problematic in the teaching and learning environment, because it impacts on questioning, discussion techniques and the student teachers’ capacity to explain concepts. • Student teachers need assistance with the pacing of their lessons. • Adjusting their lessons, which requires spontaneity from student teachers is needed. • Opportunities need to be created for student teachers to gain access to the parents of their learners. • Student teachers need to devote more time to the development of reflective skills. • Excessive administrative tasks hamper delivery in the classroom and teacher and learner productivity. The findings strongly suggested that a significant relationship exists between the WIL skills of PGCE students and their effectiveness as facilitators of learning. The findings of the study indicated that the PGCE curriculum needs to incorporate the crucial WIL skills as identified in the four domains. The findings of this study supported the hypothesis that the PGCE makes a significant contribution to the development of the WIL skills of Initial Teacher Education student teachers (ITE).

This thesis focuses on the analysis of environmental audit instruments in economic terms. It is primarily aimed at assessing the effectiveness of this tool for entrepreneurs. The first stage of work is focused on the concept and definition of environmental audit and its history. This study then reports an analysis of benefits and costs of the environmental management system which is a prerequisite for setting auditing ISO 14001 and EMAS. The practical part of this thesis contains two case studies of specific examples of audits based on ISO certification.

No description available.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T17:23:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A produção de empreendimentos habitacionais no Brasil tem como desafios atender as expectativas que correspondam às realidades socioeconômicas, de déficit e de demanda. Além disto, é necessário produzir em grande quantidade, em menor tempo e pelo menor preço. Essa produção em larga escala e sem parâmetros mínimos de desempenho resultou, durante anos, na construção de moradias precárias com qualidade bastante inferior às necessidades dos usuários. Diante deste histórico de baixa qualidade das habitações surge a necessidade de estabelecer o desempenho mínimo para a construção das novas moradias proposta pela norma ABNT NBR 15575:2013 – Edificações habitacionais – Desempenho. Outro desafio para os países em desenvolvimento está em atender aos conceitos de sustentabilidade por meio dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. Com a norma em vigor e sua obrigatoriedade de aplicação, torna-se imprescindível que os conceitos de desempenho sejam contemplados pelos sistemas de certificação, uma vez que estão orientados a uma avaliação ambiental e prescritiva. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar o quanto os sistemas nacionais de certificação ambiental para edifícios habitacionais já estão atendendo aos critérios estabelecidos pela norma brasileira de desempenho. O método de pesquisa adotado foi uma revisão bibliográfica de cunho descritivo e exploratório, em que foram realizadas análises comparativas entre os critérios estabelecidos pelo AQUA, Selo Casa Azul e RTQ-R e os critérios de desempenho exigidos pela norma NBR 15575:2013. Os sistemas de certificação brasileiros sofreram adaptações e influências das metodologias internacionais, orientadas a uma avaliação ambiental. No entanto, os sistemas de certificação analisados já estão atendendo a algumas exigências da norma brasileira de desempenho. Neste caso, construtoras e escritórios de projetos que já atendem a alguma destas metodologias terão menos dificuldades para aplicação da norma, uma vez que algumas exigências já foram contempladas. A norma NBR 15575 visa assegurar a qualidade das habitações durante seu ciclo de vida, cujas exigências já estão sendo incorporadas, ainda que aos poucos na forma de projetar e construir, a exemplo dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. / The production of housing projects in Brazil is to meet the challenges and expectations correspond to socioeconomic realities, of deficit and demand. Moreover, it is necessary produce in large quantities, in less time and at the lowest price. This large-scale production and no minimum parameters resulted, for years, in the construction of substandard housing with much lower quality to user needs. Given this historical low quality of housing it is the need to establish minimum performance for the construction of new housing through of the standard ABNT NBR 15575:2013 - Residential Buildings - Performance. Another challenge for developing countries is to cater to the concepts of sustainability through environmental certification systems. With the agreed standard and its mandatory application, it is essential that the concepts of performance are contemplated by certification systems, since they are oriented to an environmental assessment and prescriptive. This research aims to identify how national systems of environmental certification for residential buildings are already meeting the criteria established by the Brazilian standard of performance. The research method used was a literature review of descriptive and exploratory nature, where comparative analyzes of the criteria established by AQUA, Blue House Seal and RTQ-R and the performance criteria required by the standard NBR 15575:2013 were performed. Brazilian certification systems have been adapted and influenced of the international methodologies, oriented to an environmental assessment. However, certification systems analyzed are already catering to some criteria of the Brazilian standard of performance. In this case, construction companies and design offices that already meet any of these methods will have less difficulty in applying the rule, since some criteria were already attended. The standard NBR 15575 is intended to ensure the quality of housing during their life cycle, whose demands are already being incorporated, albeit slowly as design and build, the example of environmental certification systems.

Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta a Metodologia para a Homologação dos Equipamentos do Sistema Canal Azul da Carne - MHECAC. Esta proposta de metodologia é complementar ao desenvolvimento do Sistema Canal Azul da Carne e tem o objetivo de apoiar o MAPA (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento) no estabelecimento de um processo de verificação da conformidade de equipamentos, buscando garantir a interoperabilidade, o desempenho e a segurança de seus componentes de hardware. O Sistema Canal Azul é uma realização do MAPA em conjunto com o GAESI da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP) e a iniciativa privada, e tem o objetivo de reduzir o tempo empregado nos processos de exportação de carnes no Brasil. A MHECAC baseia-se na estrutura de processo de avaliação de conformidade estabelecida pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Avaliação da Conformidade - SBAC e seus requisitos gerais podem ser aplicados à avaliação de conformidade de produtos em setores variados. No desenvolvimento da MHECAC foram aplicadas as principais referências técnicas e normativas correspondentes aos equipamentos que compõe a arquitetura do sistema Canal Azul. Além disto, foram definidos os modelos de homologação, auditoria e inspeção, os planos de amostragem, os requisitos mínimos e a metodologia de ensaio. A MHECAC subdivide-se em dois segmentos principais. O primeiro apresenta os requisitos gerais para o estabelecimento de sistemas de avaliação da conformidade e certificação de produtos, a aplicação destes requisitos não se limita ao Sistema Canal Azul, e o segundo apresenta requisitos específicos ao sistema estabelecido pelo MAPA. A aplicação da MHECAC favorece o tratamento isonômico de fornecedores e é um importante balizador para a seleção de equipamentos, pois permite a qualificação e a comparação de soluções, por meio de um embasamento técnico, pautado pela qualidade. / This research presents a methodology to the Blue Path Technology equipments\' certification, MHECAC (Metodologia para a Homologação dos Equipamentos do Sistema Canal Azul da Carne). The MHECAC is a propose methodology, which aims to support the MAPA in the definition of a process of certification, based on the analysis of compliance with minimum requirements, so that there is a mechanism of standardization and interoperability assurance, quality and safety where equipment of Blue Path Technology are applied. The Blue Path Technology is a project developed by MAPA in conjunction with the GAESI (Department of Electrical Energy and Automation) of the Polytechnic School (POLI) of the University of São Paulo (USP) and the private sector, and aims to reduce the time spent in meat export processes in Brazil. The MHECAC is based on SBAC (Sistema Brasileiro de Avaliação da Conformidade) and can be expanded for other sectors. In the development of MHECAC were applied the main technical references and standards corresponding to the equipment of the Blue Path Technology. In addition,were defined the approval mode, the audit/nspection and sampling plans, the list of minimum requirements and the testing methodology. The MHECAC is divided in two main segments. The first presents the general requirements for establishing conformity assessment and product certification systems, the application of these requirements is not limited to the Blue Path Technology, and the second provides specific requirements to the system established by MAPA. The application of MHECAC contributes to the equal treatment of suppliers and is an important tool for the selection of equipment, it allows the classification and the comparison solutions, by means of a technical basis, based on the quality.

In this thesis we propose an abstraction based certification technique for Java programs which is based on rewriting logic, a very general logical and semantic framework efficiently implemented in the functional programming language Maude. We focus on safety properties, i.e. properties of a system that are defined in terms of certain events not happening, which we characterize as unreachability problems in rewriting logic. The safety policy is expressed in the style of JML, a standard property specification language for Java modules. In order to provide a decision procedure, we enforce finite-state models of programs by using abstract interpretation. Starting from a specification of the Java semantics written in Maude, we develop an abstraction based, finite-state operational semantics also written in Maude which is appropriate for program verification. As a by-product of the verification based on abstraction, a dependable safety certificate is delivered which consists of a set of rewriting proofs that can be easily checked by the code consumer by using a standard rewriting logic engine. The abstraction based proof-carrying code technique, called JavaPCC, has been implemented and successfully tested on several examples, which demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. We analyse local properties of Java methods: i.e. properties of methods regarding their parameters and results. We also study global confidentiality properties of complete Java classes, by initially considering non--interference and, then, erasure with and without non--interference. Non--interference is a semantic program property that assigns confidentiality levels to data objects and prevents illicit information flows from occurring from high to low security levels. In this thesis, we present a novel security model for global non--interference which approximates non--interference as a safety property. / Alba Castro, MF. (2011). Abstract Certification of Java Programs in Rewriting Logic [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/13617 / Palancia

The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between best practice adherence and the ownership status of an eco-labeling organization. The research question that is aiming to answer is what key factors most often explain differences in the level of credibility between for-profit carbon management eco-labels and not-for-profit carbon management eco-labels in transnational environmental governance. The case studies of interest are the two certification agencies Verra and The Carbon Reduction Institute. The issue of credibility of eco-labeling schemes will be looked through a Green IR theoretical perspective and debunked with Neoliberal IR theory. The methods which will be used are Small-N comparison and Qualitative Content Analysis conducted through Index for Best Practices. The data for the study is acquired from the online platforms of the two case studies for investigation.

The demand for organic sustainable products has been growing exponentially in the past years, pressuring the industry to showcase the sustainable origin and conditions of their products to their consumers. Companies use certifications and eco-labels to show the sustainability behind their products, but the standards behind these certifications can be hard to understand as certification companies are struggling to communicate them to the end consumers. Emerging technologies such as QR codes, IoT and blockchain provide new options for increasing traceability and transparency in the certification industry, but these technologies are not widely adopted. This thesis investigates the current practices in certification companies by performing semi-structured interviews with different actors in the certification industry, to understand what are the motivations and barriers that companies see in the adoption of new technologies for transparency and traceability. Once motivations and barriers have been identified, the authors frame them into a motivational model and propose organisational strategies for these companies in order to overcome the barriers and produce change towards technology adoption, traceability and transparency improvement, and sustainability advocacy.Industry practitioners can use these technologies to increase the trust in their brands and to ensure the sustainability of their supply chains. Further, new emerging technologies can be seen as a tool to assess the companies’ strategic and tactical decisions to comply with their CSR policy, decisions that can eventually lead to an organisational change providing companies with a more sustainable perspective of their operations.

This master´s thesis deals with problems of certification authorities and digital signature. There are analyzed principles of digital certificates and certification authorities. It describes the the most widely used cryptosystems and hash functions, which are used in communications with certificates and digital signature. Analysis is focused on Public key infrastructure standard, which describes rules of creating of certification authority and digital signature. There is also described detailed principle of digital signature. Next chapters deals with studying of protocol SSL, principles of functions and usage of SSL. Practical part of this thesis realizes certification authority and information system. There is shown used software and configuration of it. Last part describes procedures during using aplication and her realization.

Presented diploma work analyzes a current strategy of a specific machinery company and aims to design an optimal strategy for quality management to improve a competitive advantage of a company and to reduce costs.