This is a study of a child abuse panic. The events that brought Martensville, Saskatchewan to national and international attention in 1992 were similar in many respects to other panics concerning multiple allegations of child abuse that occurred in the Western world in the 1980s and 1990s. The methodology of the study included a review of descriptions of child abuse panics published in the mass media and in books and journal articles. Interviews were conducted with residents of Martensville, child advocates, reporters, investigators, officers of the court, expert witnesses and several of the accused. Five theoretical accounts or explanations of the events were examined in detail: Satanic ritual abuse, recovered memories, false memory syndrome, hysterical epidemic and moral panic. These accounts were considered in light of broader sociological theory. It was determined that the moral panic account provided greater explanatory potential than the other accounts. Moral panics are seen as a form of distorted communication that was typical of mass media treatment of certain conditions in the 1980s and 1990s under which allegations of child abuse targeted a group of people who were defined as a threat. Feminist theory, the concept of risk society and Habermas' theory of communicative action were examined to provide insights into ways of addressing and mitigating the panic and harm that occurred in Martensville. Conclusions and policy considerations centre on the need for training of professions involved in the investigation and response to child abuse, public education within a framework of communicative rationality and, ultimately, reclamation of the public sphere with attendant expansion of opportunities for face-to-face communication in public decision-making.

The sexual abuse of children is an issue that society must address with urgency and commitment, given the profoundly damaging effects and widespread occurrence of this kind of crime. Providing psychological treatment to identified offenders is an important endeavour of the criminal justice system, with the aim of reducing recidivism and thereby preventing future victims. This dissertation explores a number of areas relevant to the treatment of sexual offenders on a sample of 223 adult males who completed a prison-based programme for child sexual offenders in New Zealand. Specifically, the assessment of treatment outcome and its relationship with recidivism, risk assessment, and the influence of specific offender factors on estimates of treatment outcome and risk were investigated. Study 1 (N = 218) is an independent validation of the validity of the Violence Risk Scale: Sexual Offender Version (VRS:SO; Olver, Wong, Nicholaichuk, & Gordon, 2007), a recently developed risk assessment instrument for sexual offenders that incorporates both static and dynamic risk factors and contains protocols for the assessment of change as a result of treatment. Results indicate support for the inter-rater reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the VRS:SO with regard to sexual recidivism, with pre-treatment and post-treatment scores showing superior predictive validity relative to a widely used measure of static risk (Static-99; Hanson & Thornton, 1999) and a measure of "Deviance" based on a 4-factor battery of relevant psychometric tests (Allan, Grace, Rutherford, & Hudson, 2007). In Study 2 (N = 218), three separate methods of assessing proximal treatment outcome (representative of three categories of treatment outcome measures that have previously been applied in the literature) are applied and compared in terms of their predictive validity with regard to sexual recidivism, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of their use. These measures are: change on a battery of relevant psychometric tests administered prior to and following treatment; change across treatment on the VRS:SO; and post-treatment ratings of the attainment of treatment goals as measured by a modified version of Hogue’s (1994) Standard Goal Attainment Scaling for Sexual Offenders (SGAS). Results indicate that positive treatment outcomes as measured by all of these methods are associated with reduced sexual recidivism. SGAS scores are identified as being relatively simple and efficient to obtain, however the VRS:SO and the psychometric battery are both able to provide useful pre-treatment clinical information regarding potential treatment targets for a particular offender. Study 3 (N = 223) and Study 4 (N = 216) are explorations of the influence of particular offender characteristics on response to treatment and risk of recidivism. Of particular interest was the personality construct of psychopathy (measured using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, PCL-R; Hare, 1991), and both studies are attempted replications and extensions of previously reported interaction effects involving this construct (Heilbrun, 1979; Seto & Barbaree, 1999). The results of Study 3 indicate that there is no interaction effect between PCL-R scores and treatment outcome (as measured by the SGAS) on sexual recidivism, in contrast to an influential study by Seto and Barbaree (1999). Study 4 reports an interaction effect between PCL-R scores and intelligence on recidivism, such that higher than average IQ scores appear to moderate the well-known association between psychopathy and risk. Overall, the findings reported in this dissertation suggest the importance of considering dynamic factors as well as static factors in sex offender risk assessments, and support the premise that dynamic factors are changeable, with change being associated with changes in recidivism. The potential for certain offender characteristics to influence treatment response and risk of recidivism is highlighted, and several areas for further exploration are identified.

Terapeutiese hulpverlening aan die seksueel gemolesteerde kind binne gesinsverband vanuit 'n Sielkundige Opvoedkundige perspektief is in hierdie studie onderneem. 'n Oorsig oor seksuele kindermolestering binne gesinsverband het getoon dat dit reeds vanaf die vroegste tye voorgekom het en tans kommerwekkende afmetings aanneem in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, sonder dat die opvoedkundige sielkundige as lid van 'n multi-professionele span betrek word by terapeutiese hulpverlening. 'n Beskrywing van seksuele kindermolestering binne gesinsverband het getoon dat seksuele kindermolestering verskeie vorme aanneem en dat die oortreders daarvoor verantwoordelik is dat ouerskap en gesinstrukture ontoereikend verwerklik word. Dit bied aan die opvoedkundige sielkundige die moontlikheid om vanwee sy toeganklikheid en professionele deskundigheid as lid van 'n multiprofessionele span toereikend terapeutiese hulp te verleen aan die seksueel gemolesteerde kind. Terapeutiese hulpverlening aan die seksueel gemolesteerde kind binne gesinsverband is onderneem vanuit 'n Sielkundige Opvoedkundige benadering met relasie terapie as wyse van hulpverlening / This study investigates therapeutic aid to the child who is sexually abused by a family member, from the viewpoint of Psychology of Education. An overview of sexual abuse of children in the family context indicates a long history of occurence and present statistics show an alarming increase in reported cases with educational psychologists seldom being included in a multi-discipl inary thera-peutic team. A description of sexual abuse of children in the family context suggests that this may take different forms and the perpetrators are responsible for the breakdown in parenting and family structures. Educational psychologists are, because of their professional expertise and accessibility, able to offer thera-peutic aid to the sexually abused child as a member of a multi-professional team. Therapeutic aid to the sexually abused child in the family context is undertaken with Relationship Therapy as a medium of aid / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Orientador: Cristiane Pereira Dias / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T08:14:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tafarello_PauloCesar_D.pdf: 3220728 bytes, checksum: 41282ddba18ac08afc0831938bd03a1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Um discurso não circula por si só: ele depende do resultado das relações de sentido e relações de força presentes no momento de sua produção. Os sentidos que produz e o resultado de seu enfrentamento com o discurso dominante irá determinar o aceite de sua circulação na sociedade. Os discursos do Ativismo Pedófilo, nesse trabalho representado pelos discursos do Ipce e do Newgon são marca clara dessa disputa de forças. Ao enunciar de um lugar favorável ao reconhecimento das relações sexuais entre adultos e crianças o ativismo pedófilo busca garantir um espaço de circulação de seus discursos em oposição a uma estrutura social que rejeita suas práticas. O embate entre esses lados leva o ativismo pedófilo a reconfigurar (ou tentar reconfigurar) sentidos diversos no discurso dominante como as noções de criança e a possibilidade de consentimento por parte desta numa relação sexual. A própria prática pedófila, assentada pelo ativismo num discurso de antiguidade histórica dessa prática, é alinhada aos discursos pedagógicos "XXVII - O pedófilo experiente tem qualidades que faltam a muitos professores e outros pedagogos (...)" como parte dessa busca de aceitação de sua prática e principalmente circulação de seus discursos. A constituição de um "espaço" social que suplante os professores e pais (nesse sentido os outros pedagogos) nas relações entre adultos e crianças, ao mesmo tempo que produz um apagamento do "sexual" dessa relação, dependeria da circulação de uma "nova imagem" do pedófilo, cuja construção passaria pelo enfraquecimento da memória que memória que leva aos sentidos de crime e doença que, na visão do ativismo, seriam aqueles que impediriam a livre circulação dos discursos de configuração positiva acerca da pedofilia:"XXV - O que eu sugiro é que agora nós criemos uma nova imagem de um pedófilo ideal como queremos que ele seja. Eu quero pintar um retrato de um boy-lover que leva o seu "trabalho" a sério". Essa tentativa de reconfiguração também se dá na forma de agir do próprio pedófilo. Antes um sujeito constituído no silêncio e no espaço daquele que "é dito" passa a buscar um espaço a partir do qual possa enunciar e encontra no ativismo social um espaço de nivelamento com outros grupos, com referência especial aos grupos homossexuais (o que não implica, obviamente, na aceitação desse nivelamento por parte destes) / Abstract: A speech does not flow by itself: it depends on the outcome of relations of meaning and power present at the time of its production. The meaning generated and the result of his confrontation with the dominant discourse will determine the acceptance of its circulation in society. The speeches of pedophile activism, represented in this work by the discourses of Ipce and Newgon, are clearly marks of this contest of strength. By stating from a favorable position to the recognition of sexual relations between adults and children, pedophile activism seeks to ensure a space for circulation of his speeches in opposition to a social structure that rejects their practices. The conflict between these sides takes pedophile activism to reconfigure (or attempting to reconfigure) different meanings in the dominant discourse and the notions of children and the possibility of his/her consent in a sexual intercourse. The pedophile practice itself placed by activism in an old historical discourse of this practice is aligned with the pedagogical discourses "XXVII - The experienced pedophile has qualities that lack to many school teachers and other educators (...)" as part of this search for acceptance of his practice and especially circulation of his speeches. The creation of a social "space" which supersedes teachers and parents (in this sense the other educators) in the relations between adults and children, while producing a deletion of the sexual connotation of this relationship, would depend on the movement of a "new image" of the pedophile, whose construction would go through the weakening of memory that leads to the senses of crime and disease that, in view of activism, would be those who would impede the free circulation of discourses about the positive configuration of pedophilia:"XXV - WhatI suggest now is that we create a new image of an ideal pedophile as we want him to be. I want to paint a portrait of a lover-boy who takes his "job" seriously". This reconfiguration attempt also occurs in the own pedophile's form of acting. Then a subject constituted in the silence and space of which "is said" now seeks a space from which he can enunciate and find in social activism a space of leveling with other groups, with special reference to homosexual groups (which obviously does not imply this leveling acceptance from their part) / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

This is a study of a child abuse panic. The events that brought Martensville, Saskatchewan to national and international attention in 1992 were similar in many respects to other panics concerning multiple allegations of child abuse that occurred in the Western world in the 1980s and 1990s. The methodology of the study included a review of descriptions of child abuse panics published in the mass media and in books and journal articles. Interviews were conducted with residents of Martensville, child advocates, reporters, investigators, officers of the court, expert witnesses and several of the accused. Five theoretical accounts or explanations of the events were examined in detail: Satanic ritual abuse, recovered memories, false memory syndrome, hysterical epidemic and moral panic. These accounts were considered in light of broader sociological theory. It was determined that the moral panic account provided greater explanatory potential than the other accounts. Moral panics are seen as a form of distorted communication that was typical of mass media treatment of certain conditions in the 1980s and 1990s under which allegations of child abuse targeted a group of people who were defined as a threat. Feminist theory, the concept of risk society and Habermas' theory of communicative action were examined to provide insights into ways of addressing and mitigating the panic and harm that occurred in Martensville. Conclusions and policy considerations centre on the need for training of professions involved in the investigation and response to child abuse, public education within a framework of communicative rationality and, ultimately, reclamation of the public sphere with attendant expansion of opportunities for face-to-face communication in public decision-making. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Objectif: Ce mémoire avait pour objectif d’examiner le contenu cognitif du discours d’agresseurs sexuels d’enfants dans un échantillon d’hommes francophones afin de déterminer s’il est possible de reproduire les catégories de théories implicites telles que proposées par Ward et Keenan (1999). Le but était également d’investiguer la possibilité de retrouver de nouvelles théories implicites. Méthode: 20 entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès d’un échantillon d’agresseurs sexuels d’enfants judiciarisés (Centre hospitalier Robert-Giffard, Établissement Montée St-François). À partir de ces entrevues, 2 juges indépendants ont sélectionné le contenu cognitif du discours des agresseurs sexuels. Ce contenu a ensuite été classé thématiquement. Chacun des thèmes émergents a fait l’objet d’une analyse indépendante afin de déterminer si les catégories permettaient une classification optimale des distorsions cognitives. Les juges ont donc repris 3 entrevues et ont recodifié les données afin de comparer la codification. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de NVivo, un logiciel d’analyse de données qualitatives. Les résultats ont été discutés et comparés aux résultats de Ward et Keenan (1999). Résultats: Les analyses ont permis de trouver 6 théories implicites. Les théories Le droit d’agir à sa guise, Le monde est incontrôlable et L’agression ne cause pas de tort aux enfants étaient identiques à leur version originale. La théorie Le monde est dangereux variait de sa version originale car aucun lien causal n’a été trouvé entre la perception des adultes et des enfants. Deux visions uniques et indépendantes l’une de l’autre ont plutôt été observées. Aussi, les résultats ont montré que les agresseurs partageaient une image dichotomique de la femme. D’ailleurs, ce résultat est consistant avec la théorie implicite Les femmes sont dangereuses de Polaschek et Ward (2004). La théorie Les enfants sont des êtres sexuels variait de sa version originale quant à sa conceptualisation. Les enfants sont des partenaires de vie est une nouvelle théorie implicite n’ayant pas été discutée par Ward et Keenan. Ce résultat est consistant avec les recherches de Wilson (1999) sur la congruence émotionnelle envers les enfants des agresseurs sexuels. / Objective: The goal of this thesis was to further examine implicit theories of male child molesters in a sample of French speaking offenders to determine whether we could replicate Ward and Keenan’s proposed categorization. It was also to investigate the possibility of finding new implicit theories in our sample. Method: 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with convicted child molesters (Robert-Giffard hospital, Montée St-François institution). Two independent raters selected all cognitive distortions found in these interviews and codified them into categories. The categories were then assessed in order to make sure that the categories allow an optimal classification of the child molesters’ cognitive distortions. In order to do this, raters independently re-coded three interviews, and compared the resulting categories. The data was analyzed with NVivo, a statistical package for qualitative data. Results were discussed and compared to those of Ward and Keenan (1999). Results: Results of this research have helped to find six implicit theories. Entitlement, Uncontrollability and Nature of harm were identical to their original version. Dangerous World varied slightly from what Ward and Keenan (1999) found because we found no evidence of the direct causal link between views of adults and views of children. Instead, we found that child molesters have specific and separate perceptions of adults and children. Also, results have shown that child molesters have a dichotomic perception of women. This result is consistent with finding from Polaschek and Ward (2004) about their Women are unknowable implicit theory. Child as Sexual Being varied from his original version as for his conceptualization. Child as Partners is a new implicit theory not discussed by Ward and Keenan. This result is consistent with findings from Wilson (1999) on sexual offenders’ emotional congruence toward children.

Objectif: Ce mémoire avait pour objectif d’examiner le contenu cognitif du discours d’agresseurs sexuels d’enfants dans un échantillon d’hommes francophones afin de déterminer s’il est possible de reproduire les catégories de théories implicites telles que proposées par Ward et Keenan (1999). Le but était également d’investiguer la possibilité de retrouver de nouvelles théories implicites. Méthode: 20 entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès d’un échantillon d’agresseurs sexuels d’enfants judiciarisés (Centre hospitalier Robert-Giffard, Établissement Montée St-François). À partir de ces entrevues, 2 juges indépendants ont sélectionné le contenu cognitif du discours des agresseurs sexuels. Ce contenu a ensuite été classé thématiquement. Chacun des thèmes émergents a fait l’objet d’une analyse indépendante afin de déterminer si les catégories permettaient une classification optimale des distorsions cognitives. Les juges ont donc repris 3 entrevues et ont recodifié les données afin de comparer la codification. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de NVivo, un logiciel d’analyse de données qualitatives. Les résultats ont été discutés et comparés aux résultats de Ward et Keenan (1999). Résultats: Les analyses ont permis de trouver 6 théories implicites. Les théories Le droit d’agir à sa guise, Le monde est incontrôlable et L’agression ne cause pas de tort aux enfants étaient identiques à leur version originale. La théorie Le monde est dangereux variait de sa version originale car aucun lien causal n’a été trouvé entre la perception des adultes et des enfants. Deux visions uniques et indépendantes l’une de l’autre ont plutôt été observées. Aussi, les résultats ont montré que les agresseurs partageaient une image dichotomique de la femme. D’ailleurs, ce résultat est consistant avec la théorie implicite Les femmes sont dangereuses de Polaschek et Ward (2004). La théorie Les enfants sont des êtres sexuels variait de sa version originale quant à sa conceptualisation. Les enfants sont des partenaires de vie est une nouvelle théorie implicite n’ayant pas été discutée par Ward et Keenan. Ce résultat est consistant avec les recherches de Wilson (1999) sur la congruence émotionnelle envers les enfants des agresseurs sexuels. / Objective: The goal of this thesis was to further examine implicit theories of male child molesters in a sample of French speaking offenders to determine whether we could replicate Ward and Keenan’s proposed categorization. It was also to investigate the possibility of finding new implicit theories in our sample. Method: 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with convicted child molesters (Robert-Giffard hospital, Montée St-François institution). Two independent raters selected all cognitive distortions found in these interviews and codified them into categories. The categories were then assessed in order to make sure that the categories allow an optimal classification of the child molesters’ cognitive distortions. In order to do this, raters independently re-coded three interviews, and compared the resulting categories. The data was analyzed with NVivo, a statistical package for qualitative data. Results were discussed and compared to those of Ward and Keenan (1999). Results: Results of this research have helped to find six implicit theories. Entitlement, Uncontrollability and Nature of harm were identical to their original version. Dangerous World varied slightly from what Ward and Keenan (1999) found because we found no evidence of the direct causal link between views of adults and views of children. Instead, we found that child molesters have specific and separate perceptions of adults and children. Also, results have shown that child molesters have a dichotomic perception of women. This result is consistent with finding from Polaschek and Ward (2004) about their Women are unknowable implicit theory. Child as Sexual Being varied from his original version as for his conceptualization. Child as Partners is a new implicit theory not discussed by Ward and Keenan. This result is consistent with findings from Wilson (1999) on sexual offenders’ emotional congruence toward children.

In this thesis, I work from a poststructural feminist framework to examine the pedophile monster as a Western cultural discourse. I argue that in the formation of this discourse, medical and moral discursive strands are conflated to produce the pedophile monster as a subject. I undertake a genealogical exploration to trace the historical emergences of the pedophile monster discourse from the Victorian Era forward. Here I critically deconstruct two contemporary forms of media as case studies to illustrate the current work of the pedophile monster discourse in distributing responsibility for child sexual abuse between subhuman monsters, mothers and the child victims themselves. I argue that, with the exception of their role as patriarchal defender, men are artfully neglected in the construction of commercial child sexual abuse as a social problem. I then make use of a Foucauldian discourse analysis to study text from online forums and chat rooms used by men to discuss commercial child sexual exploitation. I was specifically interested in the discursive strategies used by the men to construct their subjectivities in relation to that of the pedophile monster. This thesis is an attempt to challenge the dominance of the pedophile monster discourse by implicating men in the problem of commercial sexual exploitation of children beyond the polarised categories of protector and monster. My goal in this thesis is to bring visibility and shift responsibility to men who perpetrate commercial sexual exploitation of children.

Univ., Diss.--Hannover, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 307 - 330.

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