The goal of this research was to construct a time series of accurate chlorophyll-a concentration for the Strait of Georgia (SoG), Canada, using an improved atmospheric correction scheme and workflow for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer AQUA (MODIS) satellite instrument to describe the chla dynamics and spring bloom phenology in the SoG. In situ radiometric samples were acquired via Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), and hyperspectral data collected from a Hyperspectral Surface Acquisition System (HyperSAS) to assess three potential atmospheric correction schemes. Water property samples including total suspended material (TSM), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and chlorophyll concentrations (chla) were collected to further assess atmospheric corrections and the applied ‘Ocean Color 3 Modis’ (OC3M) standard chlorophyll algorithm. Regression, Absolute percentage difference (APD), Relative Percentage difference (RPD), and Root mean squared error (RMSE) analysis revealed the most appropriate method to be the ‘Management Unit of the North Seas Mathematical Models’ (MUMM) using the shortwave infrared spectrum (SWIR) to determine NIR-derived aerosol model. This method was used to construct a time series (July 2002-June 2014) of daily chlorophyll maps for all available imagery. Files were spatially binned into 8-day composites for the North and Central SoG where a modified threshold-based definition was used to determine the start of the spring phytoplankton bloom period, as well as timing of maxima and duration of the largest spring bloom. Results indicate Central SoG start dates range from late February to late April, with an average start date at the last week of March. These results compare favorably to Hindcast predictive modelling of bloom start dates. The Northern SoG bloom phenology starts on average 9 days earlier, and experiences lower chlorophyll-a magnitudes. Hierarchical clustering with correlation similarity of spring seasons indicate 2008 and 2007 were anomalous, while 2009 and 2012 were the most correlated for blooms occurring in the spring season. / Graduate / 0366 / 0416 / 0752 / 0368 / carswell@uvic.ca

Orientador: Enes Furlani Junior / Resumo: O algodão é a principal fibra têxtil produzida mundialmente, ocupando uma posição expressiva na economia do agronegócio sendo caracterizada como uma das culturas com maior tecnificação no mundo. Por realizar fotossíntese C3, e ser altamente sensível a fatores bióticos e abióticos, faz-se necessário o bom uso de práticas de manejo com o intuito de melhorar a produtividade da cultura. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar parâmetros de crescimento e metabolismo do algodoeiro tratado com doses de nitrogênio, doses de níquel e dose hormética de 2,4-D de modo a fornecer informações do comportamento da planta sob as condições avaliadas. Para tanto aplicaram-se via solo aos 55 dias após a emergência, doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120) kg ha-1 e doses de níquel (0, 300, 450 e 600) g ha-1 assim como empregou-se, ou não, 2,4-D em dose hormética (1,8 g e. a ha-1) em um esquema fatorial 4x4x2, para avaliar, indicadores de crescimento (altura, diâmetro, número de ramos e produtividade) e metabolismo (índice Spad, teor de nitrogênio, aminoácidos, amônia, nitrato e pigmentos fotossintéticos em tecidos foliares) por meio de ajustes de regressão (1% e 5%) e teste de comparação de médias. O aumento na dose de níquel até 600 g ha-1 juntamente com a adubação nitrogenada em doses crescentes, associadas com o uso do 2,4-D em dose hormética, aparentemente afetam o padrão fonte-dreno das plantas de algodoeiro favorecendo o pegamento de estruturas reprodutivas, pois ainda que há diminuição em altur... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cotton is the main textile fiber produced worldwide, occupying a significant position in the agribusiness economy being characterized as one of the most technologically advanced crops in the world. By carrying out C3 photosynthesis, and being highly sensitive to biotic and abiotic factors, for that it is necessary to the good use of management practices in order to improve crop yield. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate growth and metabolism parameters of cotton treated with nitrogen doses, nickel doses and hermetic doses of 2,4-D to provide information of the plant behavior under the conditions evaluated. For this purpose it was applied to the soil at 55 days after emergence, nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 e 120) kg ha-1 and nickel doses (0, 300, 450 e 600) g ha-1 and, if applied, or not, 2,4-D in hormetic doses (1,8 g a.e ha-1) in a factorial arrangement 4x4x2, to assess growth indicators (height, diameter, number of branches and yield) and metabolism (Spad index, nitrogen content, amino acids, ammonia, nitrate and photosynthetic pigments in leaf tissues) by means of regression adjustments (1% e 5%) and averages comparison test. The increase in nickel dose up to the 600 g ha-1 coupled with increasing nitrogen fertilization associated with the use of 2, 4-D in a hormetic dose apparently affect the source-sink pattern of cotton plants favoring the fixation of reproductive structures, although there is a decrease in height, the data obtained for the param... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia e seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, isolados e em misturas, para o controle de plantas daninhas e os efeitos sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da soja convencional (M-SOY 8001) e transgênica (M-SOY 7908 RR). Também foram estudados os efeitos dos produtos sobre a atividade fotossintética e nas características morfológicas externas e internas das plantas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, no ano agrícola 2006/2007 e repetido em 2007/2008, em condições de campo, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Produção da UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação de herbicidas isolados e em misturas: lactofen (168 g ha- 1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl (96 + 10 g ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr (10 + 70 g ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl + bentazon (10 + 600 g ha-1), glyphosate + imazethapyr (900 + 70 g ha-1), lactofen + chlorimuronethyl + imazethapyr (96 + 10 + 70 g ha-1) e lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr/haloxyfop-methyl (96 + 10 + 70 / 60 g ha-1). Além disso, foram mantidas duas testemunhas sem aplicação de herbicida (capinada e mantida infestada). Concluiu-se que os herbicidas utilizados foram seletivos para a soja; exceção dos tratamentos com glyphosate na soja M-SOY 8001. Na condição de baixa infestação de plantas daninhas, os herbicidas aplicados foram eficazes no controle destas. Na área com maior infestação de plantas daninhas, a aplicação de glyphosate isolado ou em mistura com imazethapyr proporcionou melhor controle das plantas infestantes. Quanto a eficiência fotossintética máxima, apenas o cultivar convencional foi suscetível à aplicação dos herbicidas, principalmente às misturas contendo lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research was carried out to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity postemergence herbicides applied alone and in mixtures to the weed control and the effects on the growth and the development transgenic (M-SOY 7908 RR) and conventional (M-SOY 8001) soybean. The effects of the products on the photosynthetic activity and the external and internal morphologic characteristics of the plants, also it studied. Two experiments were carried out from 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 under field conditions on Education, Research and Production Farm of UNESP in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. A randomized complete block experimental design with four replications was used. Herbicide treatments consisted lactofen (168 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), lactofen + chlorimuronethyl (96 + 10 g ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr (10 + 70 g ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl + bentazon (10 + 600 g ha-1), glyphosate + imazethapyr (900 g + 70 g ha-1), lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr (96 + 10 + 70 g ha-1) and lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr/haloxyfop-methyl (96 + 10 + 70 + 60 g ha-1). The tests included two nontreated (no hand weeded and hand weeded). The herbicides were selective for the soybean; exception of the treatments glyphosate applied in the M-SOY 8001 soybean. Under low weed condition, the herbicides applied were effective in the weed control. In the area with larger weed condition, glyphosate applied alone and glyphosate plus imazethapyr caused better control the weeds compared other herbicides. With respect to maximum photosynthetic efficiency response, just conventional soybean was susceptible the herbicides applied, mainly the mixtures containing lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl and lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr / haloxifop-methyl. For total chlorophyll response, the varieties presented susceptibility to the lactofen alone and in mixture with chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves / Coorientadora: Fabíola Vitti Moro / Banca: Dagoberto Martins / Banca: Maria Aparecida Pessoa da Cruz Centurion / Banca: Ricardo Victoria Filho / Banca: Núbia Maria Correia / Doutor

During 1999 ex-situ microcosm experiments were carried out at Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban using natural assemblages of microplankton (< 200 m in size) in a series of enrichment experiments using continuous culture techniques to determine q - the yield of chlorophyll from dissolved available inorganic nitrogen (DAH\I), during and after an enrichment event. The experiments lasted between 11 and 14 days and produced a time series of q after an enrichment of either 12 M ammonium or 12 M nitrate. Allother essential nutrients, vitamins and trace metals were added in excess so that only DAIN would limit chlorophyll synthesis. Experiments were carried out during Spring, Summer and Autumn and environmental regimes in the growth room were set-up tomimic ambient conditions at the sampling site for each season. Water samples were collected every 2 days and were analysed for chlorophylls a, b and c, chlorophyll a breakdown products, carotenoids, dissolved inorganic nutrients and particulate nitrogenand carbon. Identification and enumeration of microplankton was also undertaken. During 2 of the experiments nitrogen isotope techniques were used to determine uptake rates for nitrate and ammonium. The results indicated that the microplanktonic response to an enrichment event could be divided into 3 phases: Phase I q - a rapid uptake of DAINand the synthesis of large quantities of pigments; Phase H q - DAIN became limiting and there was a decline in q caused by nutrient limitation and an increase in grazing pressure; Phase II q - after declining q remained fairly stable. Nitrogen tied-up in autotrophicbiomass was transferred to the heterotrophs as grazing pressure and algal death increased accompanied by a calculated rise in dissolved organic nitrogen through degradation processes (assuming mass conservation of nitrogen was occurring in the microcosms),and, presumably, regenerated DAIN. There were seasonal differences in q caused by changing environmental conditions such as light, temperature and background nutrient concentrations. Seasonal changes in the community structure of microplankton collected from the sampling site could also have affected the value of q. During the Summer and Autumn Experiments ammonium enriched microcosms produced lower values of q compared to nitrate enriched microcosms but further investigation is needed to clarify the reasons for this. The method used to estimate chlorophyll or nitrogen had an effect on the value of q. Refined values of q have been produced for use in the screening model used to predict potential eutrophication in the UK.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-11T14:22:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DivanovinaLM_DISSERT.pdf: 844399 bytes, checksum: 4f563cad25852f151e7da88702c008f0 (MD5) / Rejected by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br), reason: corrigir referencia on 2017-07-11T14:57:34Z (GMT) / Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-11T14:59:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DivanovinaLM_DISSERT.pdf: 844399 bytes, checksum: 4f563cad25852f151e7da88702c008f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:10:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DivanovinaLM_DISSERT.pdf: 844399 bytes, checksum: 4f563cad25852f151e7da88702c008f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:10:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DivanovinaLM_DISSERT.pdf: 844399 bytes, checksum: 4f563cad25852f151e7da88702c008f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T15:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DivanovinaLM_DISSERT.pdf: 844399 bytes, checksum: 4f563cad25852f151e7da88702c008f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The gherkin is a vegetable of the family of the Cucurbitacea creeping plant or creeper, annual, rustic and cultivated in small scale. The commercial groups of these fruits, with and without aculeus, present a short shelf life. Its quality and productivity are influenced by the conditions of cultivation whose information is few in the literature. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of salinity on quality and post-harvest conservation of gherkin. For this, an experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (two cultivars, 'Gherkin do Norte' and ' Gherkin Liso Gibão' and four levels of salinity - 0.50; 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 dS m-1), with three replicates, the experimental unit being represented by six plastic vessels with a capacity of 10 liters of substrate, with one plant in each vessel. The harvest was carried out 60 days after planting of the seedlings and the following analyzes were carried out: length, fruit diameter; soluble solids; titratable acidity; SS/AT ratio; total sugars; chlorophyll and total phenolics. The Maxixe 'Liso Gibão' presented higher production and the fruits were stored at 15 ° C and 85% RH for 0, 3 and 6 days. The use of saline solution reduced the fruit length and diameter and increased pH, soluble solids and SS / AT ratio. The cultivar 'Liso Gibão' was superior to 'North' cultivar for the variables length, diameter, pH, total sugars and SS/AT ratio. The Liso Gibão fruits were stored during six days without loss of quality. Fruits cultivated with saline solution of 2.0 dS m-1 presented higher acidity and chlorophyll during storage, but reduced total sugars and pH in fruits of gherkin / O maxixeiro é uma hortaliça da família da Cucurbitácea planta rasteira ou trepadeira, anual, rústica e cultivada em pequena escala. Os grupos comerciais desses frutos, com e sem acúleos, apresentam período de vida útil pós-colheita curto. Sendo a sua qualidade e produtividade influenciadas pelas condições de cultivo, cujas informações são poucas na literatura. Assim, o intuito deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da salinidade na qualidade e conservação pós-colheita de maxixe. Para isto, um experimento foi realizado em campo em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (duas cultivares, „Maxixe do Norte‟ e „Maxixe Liso Gibão‟ e quatro níveis de salinidade - 0,50; 2,0; 3,5 e 5,0 dS m-1), com três repetições, sendo a unidade experimental representada por seis vasos plásticos com capacidade para 10 litros de substrato, com uma planta em cada vaso. A colheita foi realizada 60 dias após o plantio das mudas e efetuadas as seguintes análises: comprimento, diâmetro do fruto; sólidos solúveis; acidez titulável; razão SS/AT; açúcares totais; clorofila e fenólicos totais. O maxixe „Liso Gibão‟ apresentou maior produção e foi armazenado à temperatura de 15°C e 85%UR por 0, 3 e 6 dias. O uso da solução salina reduziu o comprimento e o diâmetro dos frutos e aumentou o pH, sólidos solúveis e a razão SS/AT. A cultivar „Liso Gibão‟ foi superior à cultivar „do Norte‟ para as variáveis comprimento, diâmetro, pH, açúcares totais e razão SS/AT. Os frutos do maxixeiro Liso Gibão foram armazenados por seis dias sem perda de qualidade. Frutos cultivados com solução salina de 2,0 dS m-1 apresentaram maior acidez e clorofila durante o armazenamento, porém houve redução de açúcares totais e pH em frutos de maxixeiro / 2017-07-11

A major limitation for remote sensing analyses of oceanographic variables is loss of spatial data. The Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF) method has demonstrated effectiveness for filling spatial gaps in remote sensing datasets, making them more easily implemented in further applications. However, dataset reconstructions with this method are sensitive to the characteristics of the input data used. The spatial and temporal coverage of the input imagery can heavily impact the reconstruction outcome, and thus, further metrics derived from these datasets, such as phytoplankton bloom phenology. In this study, the DINEOF method was applied to a three-year time series of MODIS-Aqua chlorophyll-a of the Salish Sea, Canada. Spatial reconstructions were performed on an annual and multi-year basis at daily and week- composite time resolutions, and assessed relative to the original, clouded chla datasets and a set of extracted in situ chla measurements. A sensitivity test was performed to assess stability of the results with variation of cross-validation data and simulated scenarios of lower temporal data coverage. Daily input time series showed greater accuracy reconstructing chla (95.08-97.08% explained variance, RMSExval 1.49 - 1.65 mg m-3) than week-composite counterparts (68.99-76.88% explained variance, RMSExval 1.87 – 2.07 mg m-3), with longer time series of both types producing a better relationship to original chla pixel concentrations (R 0.95 over 0.94, RMSE 1.29 over 1.35 mg m-3, slope 0.88 over 0.84). Original daily chla achieved a better relationship to in situ matchups than DINEOF gap-filled chla, with annual DINEOF-processed data performing better than the multi-year. The results of this study are of interest to those who require spatially continuous satellite-derived products, particularly from short time series, and encourage processing consistency in future DINEOF studies to allow unification for global purposes such as climate change studies (Mélin et al., 2017). / Graduate

The thesis deals with the influence of cold plasma,as a stress factor, on content and fluorescence of chlorrophylls of oilseed rape. Theoretical part deals with characteristic oilseeds rape, fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments and the effects of cold plasma on on physiology of plants. The theoretical part continues in experimental mesurement. The eperiment was done in laboratory conditions. The own of eperiment was to discover the influence of cold plasma on the amount of chlorophylls and fluorescence of chlorophylls. The rape seads were treated with cold plasma for the duration of various time interval. The thesis considersif the plants, which were sprouted from treated seeds, show higher values of physiological activities as compared with plants germinated from conventional seed.

The aim of this thesis was to determine the response of trees to air pollution in the city. For this purpose, APTI index (Air pollution tolerance index), the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and the analysis of the content of photosynthetic pigments were used. The examined trees were Platanus acerifolia and Prunus subhirtella v. autumnalis rosea growing in Lannova třída in České Budějovice. For evaluation of APTI index, four parameters are required. These are the quantity of ascorbic acid and the photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, the relative water content in the leaves and the leaf extract pH. The samples of leaves were taken in August 2015. From Lannova třída, three trees of each species were chosen. This research has showed that in terms of evaluation APTI index of Platanus acerifolia is more tolerant and less sensitive to air pollution than Prunus subhirtella. The value of the APTI index at the Platanus acerifolia was 9,33, at the Prunus subhirtella APTI index was 7,84. During the evaluation of the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, statistically significant differences between the trees were not found. The values obtained via the method of chlorophyll fluorescence at both tree species were low, at the Platanus acerifolia it was 0,65, at the Prunus subhirtella it was 0,68. In terms of content of photosynthetic pigments, Prunus subhirtella has come out better. In almost all, it had greater content of pigments than the Platanus acerifolia. The results of the research were used in the draft for excursions for students of 7th grades of elementary schools to this area.

A eutrofização de ambientes aquáticos continentais é um processo lento e natural, mas que tem se intensificado sobremaneira devido a influência das atividades antrópicas. Uma das consequências da eutrofização artificial são florações de algas cada vez mais frequentes e intensas. Alguns grupos de algas, como as cianobactérias, podem produzir toxinas que representam um risco para o homem e para a biota aquática e, por isso, sua floração merece atenção especial. O Lago Guaíba é um importante corpo hídrico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e o principal manancial do município de Porto Alegre. A sua bacia hidrográfica ocupa cerca de 30% da área do estado e os principais rios - Jacuí, Caí, Sinos e Gravataí - drenam áreas de intenso uso agrícola e industrial. No Lago Guaíba, as florações têm sido frequentes, principalmente na última década e representam um sério desafio ambiental. Neste contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial de identificação dos episódios de floração de algas no Lago Guaíba a partir da integração de dados radiométricos in situ adquiridos simultaneamente a dados limnológicos (clorofila-a, total de sólidos em suspensão, transparência da água, entre outros) e imagens de satélite. Para a obtenção dos espectros de reflectância foi utilizado o espectrorradiômetro portátil FieldSpec® HandHeld, com coleta em 16 pontos amostrais definidos a priori. Os trabalhos de campo ocorreram em março de 2012, maio de 2013 e abril de 2014. Os espectros foram correlacionados com medidas de variáveis limnológicas obtidas simultaneamente. Para a análise espaço-temporal das florações foram selecionadas 10 imagens produzidas pelos satélites Landsat 5 e 7 (sensores TM e ETM+) disponibilizadas pelo Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos (USGS), corrigidas para os efeitos da atmosfera e convertidas em reflectância de superfície. Estas imagens foram obtidas nos meses de verão e outono, entre os anos de 2005 e 2012, e coincidiram com as datas das florações identificadas pelo Departamento Municipal de Água e Esgotos (DMAE) do município de Porto Alegre. Três rotinas de processamento foram aplicadas às imagens: 1) o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI); 2) o Modelo Linear de Mistura Espectral (MLME) e 3) a Análise por Componentes Principais (ACP). Durante a coleta dos espectros em campo não houve florações, mas, ainda assim, estes permitiram identificar padrões de reflectância do lago em diferentes áreas e situações climáticas, bem como a influência da clorofila-a e dos sólidos em suspensão na resposta espectral da água. Os principais resultados do processamento das imagens de satélite foram: a) o NDVI é adequado para o mapeamento da abrangência e intensidade das florações e que resultados superiores a -0,2 indicam áreas de floração; b) o MLME apresentou limitações para o mapeamento das florações relacionadas à dificuldade de obtenção de bons espectros de referência diretamente sobre as imagens, mas permitiu avaliar as variações espaciais das características da água; c) a técnica da ACP ampliou as correlações dos dados das imagens com a Chl-a e as cianobactérias em comparação ao NDVI, e a classificação nãosupervisionada das principais componentes permitiu identificar as áreas (clusters) de floração, assim como áreas onde outros componentes atuavam. Os fatores que contribuíram para o estabelecimento de florações no lago foram: menor velocidade do fluxo da água, menor profundidade da coluna d´água, menor velocidade do vento e menores índices de precipitação pluviométrica, associados à maior disponibilidade de luminosidade e oferta de nutrientes. Concluí-se que as técnicas empregadas foram adequadas para o mapeamento de florações e que análises que utilizam dados de diferentes naturezas podem incrementar as metodologias existentes e abrir novas possibilidades de identificação e monitoramento de algas. / The eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems is a slow and natural process, but that has intensified greatly because of the influence of human activity. One of the consequences of artificial eutrophication are increasingly frequent and intense algae blooms. Some genera groups of algae, and cyanobacteria can produce toxins that pose a risk to humans and aquatic biota and therefore blooms deserve special attention. The Guaiba Lake is an important water body in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and the main source of Porto Alegre city. Its basin covers about 30% of the state area and major rivers - Jacuí, Caí, Sinos and Gravataí - drain areas of intense agricultural and industrial use. In the Guaiba Lake, blooms have been frequent, especially in the last decade and represent a serious environmental challenge. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for identification of episodes of algal bloom in the Guaiba Lake from the integration of radiometric data in situ simultaneously acquired with limnology data (chlorophyll-a, suspended solids total, water transparency, etc.) and satellite images. To obtain the reflectance spectra a portable spectroradiometer FieldSpec® HandHeld was used, with a collection of 16 sampling points defined a priori. The fieldwork took place in March 2012, May 2013 and April 2014. The spectra were correlated with limnological variables obtained simultaneously. For the spatio-temporal analysis of the blooms 10 images produced by Landsat satellites 5 and 7 (TM and ETM+ sensors) were selected and provided by United States Geological Survey (USGS), adjusted for the effects of the atmosphere and converted to surface reflectance. These images were produced in the months of summer and fall, between the years 2005 and 2012, and coincided with the dates of the blooms identified by the Municipal Department of Water and Sewerage (DMAE) in the city of Porto Alegre. Three processing routines were applied to images: 1) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); 2) Linear Spectral Mixture Model (LSMM) and 3) the Analysis by Principal Component (ACP). During the collection of spectra in the field no bloom was identified, but even so it was possible to identificaty reflectance standards in different areas and climatic conditions in the Lake as well as the influence of chlorophyll-a and suspended solids in the spectral response of the water. The main results of the satellite images processing were: a) the NDVI is suitable for mapping the scope and intensity of blooms and results greater than -0.2 indicate flowering areas; b) the LSMM presented limitations for mapping the blooms related to the difficulty of obtaining good reference spectra directly on the images but allowed the evaluation of spatial variations of water features; c) the technique of ACP increased correlations of image data with Chl-a and cyanobacteria compared to NDVI, and non-supervised classification of the principal component identified in the flowering cluster areas as well as areas where other components were at play. Factors that contributed to the establishment of blooms in the lake were slower rate of water flow, the less depth of the water column, lower wind speed and lower levels of rainfall, combined with the greater availability of light and nutrient supply. It was concluded that the techniques used were suitable for mapping blooms and the analysis using data from different natures can improve existing methodologies and open new possibilities for identification and monitoring of algae.

O brócolis e a couve-flor são vegetais que pertencem a família Brassicaceae e contém um complexo de substancias bioativas, como os compostos fenólicos, os carotenoides, os flavonoides, as clorofilas, vitaminas e minerais. O consumo destes vegetais está associado com a redução do risco de câncer, doenças cardiovasculares, catarata e outros distúrbios funcionais relacionados com a idade, por apresentar compostos bioativos. O descongelamento e o processamento são métodos que modificam as condições físicas e químicas e podem afetar a quantidade de compostos bioativos nos alimentos. Deste modo, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições de descongelamento (temperatura ambiente, temperatura refrigerada e micro-ondas) sobre o conteúdo de substâncias bioativas em brócolis (Brassica oleracea var. avenger); também avaliar o efeito do processamento (ebulição, vapor, micro-ondas e sous vide) na estabilidade de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides, carotenoides, clorofila, vitamina A e atividade antioxidante em inflorescências de brócolis e couve-flor cultivados em sistema orgânico. Os resultados mostraram que o descongelamento em micro-ondas reteve maiores conteúdos de vários compostos bioativos analisados, entre eles a clorofila, os compostos fenólicos e a quercetina. Observou-se que para ambas as hortaliças (brócolis e couve-flor) o processamento contribuiu, de alguma maneira, para o aumento do conteúdo de compostos antioxidantes, devido ao rompimento do tecido vegetal pelo aquecimento, mostrando uma maior capacidade antioxidante no processamento em sous vide para o brócolis e a couve-flor orgânica. / Broccoli and cauliflower are vegetables that belong to the Brassicaceae family and contains a complex of bioactive substances, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, flavonoids, chlorophylls, vitamins and minerals. The consumption of these vegetables is associated with reduce of the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, and other functional disorders related to age, for presenting bioactive compounds. Thawing and processing are methods that modify the physical and chemical conditions and can affect the amount of bioactive compounds in foods. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different thawing conditions (room temperature, refrigerated temperature and microwave) on the content of bioactive compounds in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. avenger); also evaluate the effect of processing (boiling, steaming, microwave and sous vide) on the stability of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, vitamin A and antioxidant activity in inflorescences of broccoli and cauliflower grown in organic system. The results showed that thawing in microwave retained higher contents of various bioactive compounds analyzed, including chlorophylls, phenolic compounds and quercetin. It was observed that both vegetables (broccoli and cauliflower) processing contributed in some way to increase the content of antioxidant compounds, due to disruption of the plant tissue by heating, showing a higher antioxidant capacity in sous vide process for organic broccoli and cauliflower.