The diploma thesis presented deals with an overall assessment of the Great Moravian burial ground in Rajhrad (Brno- venkov), which was excavated in the years 1972 to 1976. The work is based on a catalogue of this burial ground and the neighbouring one in Rajhradice published by Čeněk Staňa. It follows individual aspects of funeral rites at a necropolis and evaluates the inventory of the graves. Based on the findings, the work dates the burial ground, compares with burial ground in Rajhradice and puts they into context of all Great Moravian burial grounds. Key words Rajhrad and Rajhradice - Great Moravian Empire - funeral rite - chronology

The presented study analyses on the example of Bohemia the question in what extent the creation of oppida (and more broadly the cultural transformation of the Transalpine world in the recent La Tène period) were influenced by Mediterranean impulses and to what extent they may be on the other hand considered as a local phenomenon. The historical and chronological background are studied in detail, the question itself is approached by an analysis of the corpus of Mediterranean imports in central Europe intended to evaluate the role of Bohemia (within the central European context) in the contacts with the Mediterranean. In the concluding chapter the oppida and their settlement systems are confronted with the Mediterranean towns. The contacts with the Mediterranean turn out to have been constant and significant for the Transalpine word, the oppida, however, seem to be a largely local phenomenon. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Cette thèse est consacrée à la céramique dite« métallique», au Bronze ancien en Mésopotamie du Nord (3e millénaire avant n.è.). Après un historique détaillé des recherches et une mise à plat des problèmes terminologiques, l'ensemble de la production de cette céramique de haute qualité technique est regroupé en trois catégories apparentées: la North Mesopotamian Metallic Ware, la Red Euphrates Ware et la Black Euphrates Ware. L'application d'un système descriptif uniformisé à un corpus de 446 vases complets permet de définir les traits morphologiques et stylistiques de ces catégories. L'analyse de la répartition géographique (2 605 vases) met en évidence quelques différences entre quatre principales régions: le Khabur, le Balikh, l'Euphrate syrien et l'Euphrate turc. L'examen des contextes de découverte (1 456 vases) ne montre pas de relation particulière entre type ou sous-type de vase et les contextes domestique, public ou funéraire. L'étude chronologique (1 231 vases), fondé sur 21 sites présentant des séquences stratigraphiques fiables, permet de documenter l'apparition et la durée des trois catégories céramiques. Ces résultats rectifient, confirment ou complémentent des travaux antérieurs sur les questions chronologiques. La North Mesopotamian Metallic ware témoignerait ainsi de l'apparition sur le cours supérieur de l'Euphrate d'une nouvelle tradition de production céramique, impliquant une nouvelle maîtrise des techniques de cuisson qu'il est tentant de mettre en rapport avec l'émergence précoce de métallurgie du bronze dans cette même région. / This thesis is a study of the so-called "metallic ware" pottery of the Early Bronze Age in northern Mesopotamia (3rd millennium BC). After a detailed overview of research history and terminological problems, all these high-quality ceramics were grouped into three related categories: North Mesopotamian Metallic Ware, Red Euphrates Ware and Black Euphrates Ware. By applying a uniform descriptive system to a corpus of 446 complete vessels, it was possible to define the morphological and stylistic traits of these categories. Analysis of the geographical distribution (2 605 vessels) revealed some differences between the four main regions: the Khabur, Balikh, Syrian Euphrates and Turkish Euphrates. Examination of finds contexts (1 456 vessels) showed no particular relationships between vessel type or sub-type and domestic, public or burial contexts. The chronological study (1 231 vessels), based on 21 sites with reliable stratigraphic sequences, provided evidence for the appearance and duration of the three ceramic categories. These results rectify, confirm or complement earlier research on chronological questions. North Mesopotamian Metallic Ware could thus be seen as reflecting the appearance in the upper Euphrates of a new tradition of pottery manufacture, implying a new mastery of firing techniques that one is tempted to relate to the onset of bronze metallurgy in this same region.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20602号 / 理博第4317号 / 新制||理||1620(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 山路 敦, 教授 山 明, 准教授 伊藤 正一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Dens are a critical component of black bear (Ursus americanus) habitat, yet scale-dependent den-site selection has received limited attention. Natural and anthropogenic factors (e.g., vegetation, roads) may also influence bear den-site selection. I quantified black bear denning chronology and den use and evaluated multi-scale den-site selection in Mississippi, USA during 2005–2011. Females entered dens earlier than males and emerged later; multiple den use by both sexes in a single winter was common. I recorded equal numbers of tree and ground dens, with ground dens at higher elevations surrounded by dense vegetation. Chronology and other denning characteristics of bears in Mississippi were similar to other black bear populations in the southeastern United States. Bears exhibited scale-dependent den-site selection selecting sites with greater percentage horizontal cover and farther from roads. Greater percentage horizontal cover may provide security and increase energetic efficiency. Denning farther from roads likely decreases risk of human disturbance.

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No / Iron Age studies in northern Britain have been dominated by one monument form, the broch. This focus on these monumental towers of the Atlantic Scotland, perhaps at the expense of other archaeological evidence, has brought about a strong division in the archaeological community. MacKie and Armit have both recently summarized the development of broch studies detailing the opposing arguments for the date of construction. In recent years archaeological evidence for these monuments has indicated an indigenous development rather than being associated with the movement of Iron Age peoples. This paper presents new chronological data for the construction of a Shetland broch and examines the archaeological repercussions for the 'early' chronology provided by these dates. Excavations at Old Scatness in the South Mainland of Shetland have revealed new evidence for a broch and defended Iron Age Village.

The research contained in these papers embodies both results from direct archaeological investigation and also the development of techniques (geophysical, chronological and geoarchaeological) in order to understand long-term settlements and their associated landscapes in Orkney and Shetland. Central to this research has been the study of soil management strategies of arable plots surrounding settlements from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. It is argued that this arable system provides higher yields in marginal locations. The ability to enhance yield in good years and to store surplus can mitigate against shortage. Control and storage of this surplus is seen as one catalyst for the economic power of elite groups over their underlying or ¿client¿ population. The emergence of a social elite in the Iron Age, building brochs and other substantial roundhouses of near broch proportions, is seen as being linked to the control of resources. Evidence at the site of Old Scatness indicated that there was a continuity of wealth and power from the Middle Iron Age through the Pictish period, before the appearance of the Vikings produced a break in the archaeological record. The Viking period saw a break in building traditions, the introduction of new artefacts and changes in farming and fishing strategies. Each of the papers represents a contribution that builds on these themes.