University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities / Department of Chinese

The dissertation "Hu Shi's Theory of Social Immortality and Its Relation to Chinese Tradition" aims to map the influence of Chinese traditional thought and modern Western concepts on Hu Shi's theory of social immortality. It also seeks to answer the question whether the theory inclined towards China's own tradition or to the new Western ideas. It consists of four major parts. The first part concentrates on selected parts of Hu Shi's life, which had an impact on his thought and philosophy. This part is primarily built on Hu Shi's own autobiographical work as well as on literature by Western and Chinese authors. The second part of the thesis describes the theory of social immortality in detail. The third part analyses the influence of traditional Chinese concepts on this theory, as revealed in Hu Shi's own articles. The last part of the thesis analyzes reactions to Hu Shi's theory using contemporary sources and modern scholarly articles about Hu Shi and his theory of social immortality.

Les hôpitaux publics français subissent, au gré des alternances politiques, de très nombreux changements qui interrogent aujourd’hui tant les procédés de gestion que les reconfigurations structurelles nécessaires pour faire face aux défis que leur lancent les restrictions budgétaires successives, le vieillissement de la population ou l’apparition de nouvelles pathologies. Cette recherche vise, sur la base d’un cadrage conceptuel analysant les réformes du secteur sanitaire à l’aune du paradigme de l’action publique qu’est le « new public management » d’une part, et d’une seconde analyse relative à la métamorphose des hôpitaux que l’on peut qualifier de bureaucraties professionnelles pluralistes en évolution d’autre part, à proposer une lecture de ces institutions par le prisme culturel dans une démarche exploratoire aux fondements ethnographiques et interprétativistes. Une étude de cas multiples enchâssée portant sur deux centres hospitaliers universitaires a donc été menée. S’appuyant sur 47 entretiens analysés dans une démarche inductive et triangulés avec les résultats d’une observation flottante et de nombreuses données secondaires, elle offre une analyse transversale et comparée des structures étudiées au regard d’un modèle narratif de présentation des résultats reconstruit pour une meilleure compréhension des déterminants hiérarchiques, prospectifs, interactionnistes, sociaux et stratégiques qui caractérisent les cultures des institutions étudiées. Les résultats permettent de faire émerger, au regard d’une discussion basée sur l’application de divers cadres conceptuels, de nombreuses implications managériales applicables au contexte actuel des deux structures étudiées / French public hospitals are currently affected by many changes due to political alternation. These changes raise questions on management processes and structural reconfigurations required by the new challenges they’re facing such as budgets cuts, the aging of the population and the increase of chronical pathologies. This research aims, on one hand to analyze the reforms of the health sector according to the « new public management » paradigm based on a conceptual approach, and secondly to analyze the gradual metamorphosis of hospitals (or evolving pluralistic professional bureaucracies) and finally, to propose a reading of these institutions by the cultural prism following an exploratory methodology based on an ethnographic and interpretivist approach. As a result, multiple case studies were conducted in two hospitals. Based on 47 semi-directive interviews which were analyzed with an inductive approach and then triangulated with the results of a floating observation and additional secondary data, it provides a transversal and compared analysis of the studied structures. Presented by a narrative model therefore rebuilt, these results aims to understand the hierarchical, prospective, interactionist, social and strategic cultures criteria that describes the studied institutions and organizations. A discussion of the results based on the application of various conceptual frameworks, allows to highlight numerous managerial implications applicable to both studied structures

Orientadora: Lina Paola Garces Negrete / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2013

本篇論文旨在探討三民主義青年團與中國國民黨衝突的結構性原因，及其在1949年國民黨政權潰敗過程裡所起的作用。除緒論與結論外，共計五章。大要如下: 第一章: 國民黨派系對峙的延續。本章對三青團成立背景與權力結構的分析，將有助於從派系政治面考察黨團關係自始即欠缺穩定的原因。 第二章: 雙軌競進的黨團體制。從新舊意識分明與體制分劃不清的角度出發，發展出具體的歷史敘事，從而導入黨團關係失衡的論證當中。 第三章: 革新聲中的派系權謀政治。以三青團與國民黨的兩次全國代表大會及開展於抗戰前後的革新運動為例，說明三青團與黨內各派系之間的政治操作與利益分配。 第四章: 三青團二全大會的組黨風潮。以1946年團二全大會為例，說明三青團欲將多年來渾沌的黨團關係做一徹底解決的努力，兼及全會閉幕後嶄新的權力格局。 第五章: 黨團統一與黨權鬆落。旨就蔣介石解決黨團摩擦的決心進行歷史分析，並對黨團統一的辦法與其後原黨團雙方仍分軫域的實情多所著墨。 本章將與前述章節產生相互辯證的效果，以便說明黨團關係在國民黨退出中國大陸的過程中所起的作用，和1950年蔣介石在台灣實施黨務改造的歷史背景。

《金瓶梅》為中國四大奇書之一，廣泛而深入地描寫人們對財色的欲求，透過其中所程現之人情事理的普遍性，可以體會人生的道理。如今，《金瓶梅》一書普行於世，已有多種版本而張竹坡評本《金瓶梅》對於中國內外流傳貢獻最大。本文旨在了解張竹坡利用評點形式分析《金瓶梅》時，是如何認識「小說」和「人生」的，試圖再詮釋張竹坡的小說觀和人生觀，希望藉由研究張批《金瓶梅》，得以更了解「小說」之本質，並且從而體會人生的道理。全文共分六章。第壹章緒論，概述研究旨趣、文獻檢討及使用版本。第貳章則從小說評點的發達情況、《金瓶梅》問世以後世人之評述與清初文字獄及禁燬小說等三方面，來探討張批小說理論之形成背景。第參章概述張竹坡生平及其評點《金瓶梅》之版本問題。第肆章探討張竹坡論小說之本質，創作及閱讀態度。第伍章探討張竹坡有關小說的人物，小說的情節結構，小說的主題，小說的語言，小說的細節，小說的環境構設等等的小說理論。第陸章結語，綜論張批小說理論之價值。

當伊斯蘭信仰與政治勢力結合時，往往能左右一地的宗教信仰與風俗習慣。雖然如此，伊斯蘭在對外傳播與發展的過程中仍吸收了許多各地的文化特質，使得伊斯蘭文化呈現出多元的面貌，意即具有地方性的特色。 　　伊斯蘭在中國即是一例。基本上伊斯蘭是隨著穆斯林的貿易與移民而傳入中國。在唐宋時期前來中國貿易之阿拉伯及波斯商賈中即有許多穆斯林定居中國。到了元代，由於中亞穆斯林助蒙古人入主中原有功，穆斯林在元朝政治、經濟上均扮演重要的角色。明代則由於明中央政府的漢化政策，穆斯林漢化的速度與程度均超過前代。漢化的加深相對地使得穆斯林之信仰顯得薄弱，大多數的穆斯林對伊斯蘭教義模糊不清，對他們而言伊斯蘭似乎只是一種生活習慣。穆斯林的社會地位也逐漸走下坡。比起元代，明代的伊斯蘭文化呈現衰退的狀態。 　　有鑑於此，中國穆斯林中的有識之士便試圖以著作的方式來振興伊斯蘭在中國的地位。明清時期的伊斯蘭漢文著述為數不少，本文擇其中較具代表性的幾本加以分析討論：王岱輿的 ＜正教真詮＞、馬注的 ＜清真指南＞、劉智的 ＜天方典禮＞、 ＜天方性理＞、馬德新的 ＜四典要會＞。這些兼通伊斯蘭經典與儒家學說的穆斯林學者著書闡述伊斯蘭教義，除了希望能讓中國的穆斯林正確地了解伊斯蘭教義，也希望能得到儒者的認同與支持，因此除了以漢文著作外，在詮釋上試圖以儒家學說輔為解釋，如孔子「天」的概念、宋明理學無極、太極、理氣之說等等。一方面強調伊斯蘭與儒家思想的一致性，一方面又不離認主獨一的信念。這樣闡述伊斯蘭教義的方式成為明清伊斯蘭漢文著作的特色，也逐漸形成具有中國特色的伊斯蘭。這些著作一方面顯現出儒家思想對伊斯蘭教義中國化的影響力，一方面也表示出穆斯林對中國大環境的適應之道。

Societies in Hong Kong and Taiwan (Formosa) are not familiar with each as they are separate colonies taken by Britain and Japan respectively. This study explores a rare string linking the two communities through Wan-chu Lee and his son Nan-shong. Their evolving views on China reflect larger historical and social background on one hand and yet demonstrate agencies in choosing and forming individual choices regarding both political identities and postcolonial possibilities on other hand. In particular, their multiple views on China are full of individual judgments mediating among China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong as well as between global and regional forces.

Submitted by ELENILSON DE VARGAS FORTES null (vargasfortes@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-27T22:01:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 4090366 bytes, checksum: c721654fbc082e717b79dc074adcbfa0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-03T18:32:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fortes_ev_dr_ilha.pdf: 4090366 bytes, checksum: c721654fbc082e717b79dc074adcbfa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T18:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fortes_ev_dr_ilha.pdf: 4090366 bytes, checksum: c721654fbc082e717b79dc074adcbfa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho apresenta o Algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado para realizar o ajuste coordenado dos parâmetros de controladores Proporcional-Integral e suplementares de amortecimento (Estabilizadores de Sistemas de Potência e Interline Power Flow Controller - Power Oscillation Damping) em sistemas elétricos de potência multimáquinas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é inserir amortecimento adicional às oscilações eletromecânicas de baixa frequência classificadas como local e interárea. Para representar o sistema, é utilizado o Modelo de Sensibilidade de Corrente. Desse modo, todos os seus dispositivos e componentes foram modelados por injeção de corrente e, portanto, um novo modelo de injeção de corrente para o Interline Power Flow Controller é apresentado. Três sistemas teste foram utilizados nas simulações realizadas neste trabalho, sendo: Simétrico de Duas Áreas, New England e o Sul Brasileiro Reduzido. O desempenho da metodologia proposta (Algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado), no que concerne ao ajuste dos parâmetros dos controladores, foi comparado a outros dois algoritmos bastantes difundidos na literatura: Particle Swarm Optimization e o Algoritmo Genético com Elitismo. Os resultados demonstraram que o algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado foi mais eficiente que as demais técnicas apresentadas, obtendo soluções robustas quando variações de cargas foram consideradas, sendo, portanto, credenciado como ferramenta no estudo da análise da estabilidade a pequenas perturbações. / CNPq: 141084/2016-2