The characteristics of slotted circular waveguides with different dimensions, including cutoff frequencies of TE and TM modes, impedance and modal field distributions will be analyzed using the generalized spectral domain approach. The Method of Moment will be applied, basis functions that include the edge conditions will be used and a computer program will be developed. Obtained results will be presented for different number, depth and thickness of coupling slots, and compared with available data to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the approach. Plots of the electric and magnetic field lines corresponding to the dominant as well as a number of higher order modes will be presented for quadruple ridge case.

Semi-circular specimens (SCB) under three point-bending which are commonly used for fracture testing of rocks were used here for fracture mechanics tests. A total of 65 specimens were tested by using Ankara andesite rock. Investigations including the effects of initial notch thickness, different loading span ratios (S/R), flattened loading end, and little dimensional variations when preparing the specimens were carried out. Stress intensity factors for specimens with different geometries were computed individually by using a 3D finite element program ABAQUS. Specimens with a preliminary notch thickness varying from 0.84 to 3.66 mm were tested under three point bending. For a second group of specimens loading span was changed and fracture toughness variation was studied. Another change in the specimen geometry was made by machining a flat loading end at the upper load application point. Fracture toughness values were computed using the stress intensity values computed from numerical modeling and failure loads from the experiments. It was found that up to 2 mm fracture toughness was not affected by variations in the thickness of preliminary notches. Fracture toughness was not affected by changing the loading span. For specimens with flat loading ends, fracture toughness was about 16% lower than the value found from regular SCB type specimens loaded at a point at the top by a steel roller. As a result of about 46 experiments average fracture toughness of Ankara G&ouml / lbasi andesite was found as 1.36 MPa .

Current seismic design approach of bridge structures can be categorized into two distinctive methods: (i) force based and (ii) performance based. AASHTO LRFD seismic design specification is a typical example of force based design approach especially used in Turkey. Three different importance categories are presented as &ldquo / Critical Bridges&rdquo / , &ldquo / Essential Bridges&rdquo / and &ldquo / Other Bridges&rdquo / in AASHTO LRFD. These classifications are mainly based on the serviceability requirement of bridges after a design earthquake. The bridge&rsquo / s overall performance during a given seismic event cannot be clearly described. Serviceability requirements specified for a given importance category are assumed to be assured by using different response modification factors. Although response modification factor is directly related with strength provided to resisting column, it might be correlated with selected performance levels including different engineering response measures. Within the scope of this study, 27216 single circular bridge column bent models designed according to AASHTO LRFD and having varying column aspect ratio, column diameter, axial load ratio, response modification factor and elastic design spectrum data are investigated through a series of analyses such as response spectrum analysis and push-over analysis. Three performance levels such as &ldquo / Fully Functional&rdquo / , &ldquo / Operational&rdquo / and &ldquo / Delayed Operational&rdquo / are defined in which their criteria are selected in terms of column drift measure corresponding to several damage states obtained from column tests. Using the results of analyses, performance categorization of single bridge column bents is conducted. Seismic responses of investigated cases are identified with several measures such as capacity over inelastic demand displacement and response modification factor.

第22回名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム平成21(2009)年度報告

Conjectured in 1943, Hadwiger’s conjecture is one of the most challenging open problems in graph theory. Hadwiger’s conjecture states that if the chromatic number of a graph G is k, then G has a clique minor of size at least k. In this thesis, we give motivation for attempting Hadwiger’s conjecture for circular arc graphs and also prove the conjecture for proper circular arc graphs. Circular arc graphs are graphs whose vertices can be represented as arcs on a circle such that any two vertices are adjacent if and only if their corresponding arcs intersect. Proper circular arc graphs are a subclass of circular arc graphs that have a circular arc representation where no arc is completely contained in any other arc. It is interesting to study Hadwiger’s conjecture for circular arc graphs as their clique minor cannot exceed beyond a constant factor of its chromatic number as We show in this thesis. Our main contribution is the proof of Hadwiger’s conjecture for proper circular arc graphs. Also, in this thesis we give an analysis and some basic results on Hadwiger’s conjecture for circular arc graphs in general.

<p>  Sound transmission loss of vehicle seals was studied in this thesis. Reverberation room test and semi-anechoic chamber test were respectively studied. By comparing the sound pressure level, sound intensity level and average sound power level at the receiving side, it proved that a simple sound pressure level test may obtain same measurement accuracy when there is little reflected sound. A semi-anechoic chamber was designed for testing sound transmission losses of the seals on a trial vehicle. By comparing the sound pressure levels between the location of the passenger ear and door area, it proved that most of outside sound energy passed through the door seals into the interior. The sound transmission losses of different sealing conditions were measured which included well sealed and imperfectly sealed conditions; Sound pressure levels at passenger’s ear in three different types of vehicles were also compared, these comparison results indicated this laboratory was capable of distinguishing different sealing conditions. The installation procedure was compared with the one in reverberation room test. Numerical analysis showed that the latter method produced a different compression shape which would definitely influence the sound insulation abilities of the seals.</p><p>  The transmission mechanism of the acoustic waves through a vehicle seal was also discussed. Contact analysis showed high compression ratio leaded to tremendous inner stress intensity. But any further increase of the contact depth would not improve the effect of wind noise prevention. A vehicle seal with a complex shape was replaced by a simple model. The sound transmission theory of multiple partitions on the basis of mass law was applied. Whereas, compared with the experimental result, a different trend in the high frequency range was found. When taking the transmission though the side material and integration of incident angle into account, the result was quite similar to the experimental one. FEM analysis was also performed. The majority of sound power was believed to transmit along the seal wall into the interior instead of passing through the multiple partitions. A distorted circular duct model is believed to be close to the real geometry.</p><p> </p>

Dagens trend av industriell tillverkning och konsumtion är av linjär karaktär. Material utvinns, blir produkter och hamnar sedan på deponi. Detta examensarbete har tillsammans med Industrial Development Center AB syftat till att skapa en mer hållbar industriell tillverkning inom Skaraborgsregionen, genom att forma en produktutvecklingsprocess i enlighet med cirkulär ekonomi. Cirkulär ekonomi förespråkar att avfall inte får förekomma och att produkter och material ska cirkulera i kretslopp. Projektet bestod därför av en bred förstudie för att samla och utvärdera ett stort område med teorier, processer och företagens ansvarsroller. Vidare analyserades en generell produkts livscykel och en processkarta skapades tillsammans med cirkulär ekonomi och produktutvecklingsprocesser. Arbetet knöts an med en omfattande kravspecifikation som sedan användes som utvärderingsunderlag för vad som skulle bli en ny produktutvecklingsprocess med cirkulär ekonomi implementerat. Slutligen utvärderades resultatet med en erfaren användare för att få en initial bedömning av resultatets användbarhet för målgrupperna. Resultatet blev en miljöanpassad produktutvecklingsprocess och en folder beskrivande hur och varför cirkulär ekonomi kan gynna företag och samhälle. / Today’s trend of production and consumption has a linear type. Material is extracted, become products and then end up as landfill. This thesis has together with Industrial Development Center AB aimed to create a more sustainable industrial production within the region of Skaraborg, by forming a product development process according to circular economy. Circular economy advocates that there should be no waste and products and material should circulate throughout different cycles. Hence this thesis consist of a broad pre-study to collect and evaluate a big range of theories, processes and enterprise responsibilities. Later on a general product lifecycle was studied and a map of a process was made with circular economy and product development processes in mind. The work was tied together by a performance specification table. This document was also used as a basis for the evaluation of the final product development process with circular economy implemented. Finally, the result was also evaluated by an experienced user to get an initial assessment of the result’s usability for the target groups. The result was an environmentally adapted product development process and a folder explaining how and why circular economy is to support enterprises and the community.

Cations are essential for ribonucleic acids (RNA), as they neutralize the negatively charged phosphate backbone. Divalent metals play important roles in the folding and function of RNA. The relationship between RNA and divalent cations magnesium (Mg(II)) and iron (Fe(II)) has been investigated. Mg(II) is involved in tertiary interactions of many large RNAs, and necessary for ribozyme activity. The influence of Mg(II) on RNA secondary and tertiary structure is investigated experimentally. Mg(II) binding to A-form RNA is accompanied by changes in CD spectra, indicating that Mg-RNA interactions influence the helical structure of RNA duplexes and helical regions of unfolded RNAs. Quantum mechanics calculations are used to probe the energetics of Mg(II)-chelation with phosphate oxygen atoms of nucleic acids. We identify the specific forces that contribute to stability of Mg(II)-chelation complexes in RNA. Fe(II) can serve as a substitute for Mg(II) in RNA folding and function. Fe(II) was abundant on early earth, it is plausible that RNA folding and function was mediated by Fe(II) instead of, or in combination with, Mg(II) in the anoxic environment of early earth. We have investigated oxidoreductase catalytic activity observed in RNA when in combination with Fe(II). This activity, only observed in the presence of Fe(II) and absence of Mg(II)appears to be a resurrection of ancient RNA capabilities that were extinguished upon the depletion of Fe(II) from the environment during the rise of oxygen after the great oxidation event. Finally, metal-ion based cleavage of RNA is used to identify the binding sites of Mg(II) and Fe(II). We observe that both metals cleave RNA in similar positions, providing further support for Fe(II) as a substitute for Mg(II) in RNA.

Bulge-helix-bulge (BHB) elements guide the enzymatic splicing machinery that in Archaea excises introns from tRNAs, rRNAs from their primary precursor, and accounts for the assembly of piece-wise encoded tRNAs. This processing pathway renders the intronic sequences as circularized RNA species. Although archaeal transcriptomes harbor a large number of circular small RNAs, it remains unknown whether most or all of them are produced through BHB-dependent splicing. We therefore conduct a genome-wide survey of BHB elements of a phylogenetically diverse set of archaeal species and complement this approach by searching for BHB-like structures in the vicinity of circularized transcripts. We find that besides tRNA introns, the majority of box C/D snoRNAs is associated with BHB elements. Not all circularized sRNAs, however, can be explained by BHB elements, suggesting that there is at least one other mechanism of RNA circularization at work in Archaea. Pattern search methods were unable, however, to identify common sequence and/or secondary structure features that could be characteristic for such a mechanism.

Sustainable development is an eternal topic and the enterprise’ sustainability provides the answer. Furthermore, emerging market’s sustainable development is frequently mentioned recently due to the serious pollution and waste due to the blind pursuit of higher GDP (Colm, 2012). This paper aims to find out the drivers and barriers of green supply chain management (GSCM) implementation; and figure out how to strengthen the relationship between green purchasing (GP) and GSCM based on the single-case study of Guitang Group. Combining the qualitative and quantitative method, we try to explore and describe the influence on GSCM development caused by the specific background of China. Based on the suggestions of how to strengthen the relationships between GP and GSCM, it will be more efficient for us to find a suitable way for manufacturing industrial companies in China to achieve the path from green purchasing to green supply chain management.