The rebuilding of Slussen is in this thesis used as a case study on citizens’ emotionally engagement. The purpose is to investigate why people get emotionally engaged and whether it has any effect on the planning process. The aim is to contribute to a discussion on planning where emotions play a larger role than today. Two questions are asked and answered: 1) Why do citizens get emotionally engaged in the Slussenproject? 2) In what way have the citizens’ emotions and engagement been considered and used in the Slussen project? Interviews with “ordinary” citizens and “professionals” are conducted along with a supporting analysis of written material connected to the case. Theories of emotions and protests seen from different angles are used in order to uncover citizens’ motives for engagement. Sherry Arnstein’s Ladder of citizen participation is used in order to make clear what the significance of citizens’ engagement in the Slussen case has. The result shows emotionally engagement based on protests against someone or something where the dismissal of the others’ knowledge of Slussen play a big role. Citizens’ emotions and engagement are seen as something positive and the planning process is affected but only within certain limits decided by the municipality.

Citizen proposal is one of many participation governance arrangements introduced the last few decades in Sweden in order to improve communication between local government institutions and citizens. In 2002 citizen proposal was introduced by the state, thus making it possible for the municipalities to allow citizens and other inhabitants to come up with proposals to the elected. In 2007 the law was revised and now gave the municipalities opportunity to delegate decision-making related to citizen proposals to the committees [nämnder/styrelser]. This study examines the implementation of citizen proposals in Kumla municipality 2002-2019. First analysing the arguments raised by the municipality to implement citizen proposal in Kumla, it then proceeds to show how it was implemented before and after the revision of the law that gave opportunity to delegate decision-making to the committees and what consequences it had on the content of the decisions. The study ends by showing how and why Kumla municipality decided to repeal the citizen proposal in favour of another kind of citizen participation.

Political decentralization has been advanced in the 21st century as a prescription for enabling citizens' participation in politics and increasing good governance. However, empirical investigations have offered limited knowledge about decentralization efforts in Liberia. This study explored if decentralization could serve as a catalyst for citizens' participation and good governance in Liberia. The polarity of participation and representation - one of the pairs in the polarities of democracy model developed by Benet - was used to establish the theoretical foundation for this study. The study employed a case study research design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants recruited through snowball sampling and subjected to a thematic content procedure for analysis. The main theme indicated that decentralization was perceived as Liberia's best policy option to repair 171 years of political, social, and economic challenges. Establishment of service centers at the county level to manage social development funds and the passage of the local government act were acknowledged as achievements of the decentralization policy in Liberia. On the other hand, the country's long history of centralized governance, corruption, inequality, constitution violations, and misused of public resources were identified as major obstacles to successful implementation of decentralization policy measures. The social change implication of the study involves identifying a potential avenue for the government and citizens of Liberia to build a stronger relationship through reform which will ultimately enhance citizens' ability to be involved in governmental decision making at both national and local levels.

Orientador: Cesar Apareciddo Nunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T15:21:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_EduardoTadeu_D.pdf: 7619847 bytes, checksum: 5a822f34eda052107b3d6bc35c9f4dc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A pesquisa trabalha o Orçamento Participativo (OP) como instrumento de formação e de educação política. Resgata estudos que apontam a histórica ausência de participação popular no Brasil até o surgimento dos projetos de Orçamento Participativo nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, particularmente a emblemática experiência de Porto Alegre iniciada a partir da posse do governo popular em 1989. A pesquisa reflete ainda sobre a importância desse tipo de mediação política, principalmente nessa conjuntura de avanço da globalização hegemônica de caráter neoliberal. A metodologia da pesquisa-ação-participante foi utilizada, até pela condição de agente político no processo do OP de Várzea Paulista do autor da tese. Partindo das formulações de Boaventura de Sousa Santos e de Gramsci, a tese propugna pela necessidade de fortalecimento de iniciativas, como o próprio OP, que expressem a construção de um senso comum contra-hegemônico. A partir da histórica experiência do OP de Várzea Paulista, cidade industrial de 110 mil habitantes no interior de São Paulo, que implantou o OP desde 2005, com a posse do novo governo, a tese resgata as formas pelas quais o OP proporciona às pessoas que dele participam a possibilidade de elevarem seu nível de consciência política e, dessa forma, avançar no sentido de uma nova hegemonia e de um nova consciência e ação que apontem um novo senso comum emancipatório / Abstract: This research presents the Participatory Budget as an efficient way of reaching political education development. The study is introduced by examining the historical absence of popular participation in Brazil and it goes through until the emergence of projects of Participatory Budget in the decades of 1980 and 1990, particularly started with the emblematic Porto Alegre's experience initiated in 1989 with the ownership of popular government. The research still reflecting on the importance of this type of mediation, mainly in this conjuncture of advance of the hegemonic globalization with neoliberal character. The methodology of the participatory-action-research was choosed, specially because of the al condition of the agent into the process of Várzea Paulista's Participatory Budget as the author of the thesis. Making use of the formularizations of Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Gramsci, the thesis advocates for the necessity to achieve strong initiatives, as the proposed one, that can express the construction of an againsthegemonic common sense. Embased on the historical experience of Participatory Budget in Várzea Paulista, São Paulo's industrial city with 110 thousand inhabitants, which one has implanted its process since 2005, during the ownership of the new government, this thesis describes how a Participatory Budget provides to the people the possibility to raise their level of political conscience and through the citizen participation, go foward to a new hegemony and to a new emancipatory common sense / Doutorado / Historia, Filosofia e Educação / Doutor em Educação

With the more profound use of sustainable developments and degrowth ideas, new trends emerge where urban planners and architects are looking for already built areas that can be re-imaginedas vibrant parts of the city. Most often, those places are post-industrial sites, which are taking a new image and purpose. Multiple examples in European cities shows that those areas are becoming a new vital urban elements and fruitful grounds for implementation of environmentally protective design solutions. However, metamorphic developments of historically important parts of the cities are often susceptible to uninspiring generic design solutions that not necessarily always meet the current needs of citizens. Therefore, this research identifies how such post-industrial zones should be redeveloped with the use of citizens' visions to produce distinctive design solutions that can additionally incorporate sustainable ideas and develop a vibrant area.This research focuses on the post-industrial case in Osijek, Croatia, an old and abandoned Iron Foundry and Machine Factory (OLT). Constructed at the turn of the century (1912.), with its distinguishable architecture, it serves as an important image and industrial heritageof the city. Recently, Osijek Municipality has proposed a plan for its regeneration. Idea became widely appreciated as it was finally decided to somehow protect this valuable public good. However, as this research identifies, the municipal plan does not incorporate any means of citizen participation, nor it goes together with citizens mentioned needs - thus pursuing a plan for developing a generic design. Using qualitative methods, this research is addressing the importance of participation in such projects, as it can focus expertson the hidden meaning and character of the place, derived from citizens’ outputs. Additionally, this research shows that methods suchas participatory workshop, can generate ideas for design solutions that can benefit both current and future users of the place. Furthermore, it suggests that citizens, even though they are notexperts on the topic – can produce interesting and valuable information that can be used by planners and architects to fully utilise and transform the area with design solutions which can incorporate people’s needs.

Este estudo objetivou identificar e caracterizar algumas parcerias, voltadas ao controle da tuberculose, estabelecidas entre organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) e o Programa de Controle da Tuberculose (TB) no Estado de São Paulo. Buscou, ainda, analisar as ações desenvolvidas, de forma a verificar seu potencial para responder aos determinantes da doença. A abordagem do estudo foi qualitativa e utilizou-se a técnica do snowball para a escolha dos sujeitos. Os dados foram coletados entre Março e Julho de 2010, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Participaram do estudo, 6 sujeitos de órgãos governamentais e 13 sujeitos de organizações da sociedade civil. A análise teve como base a determinação social do processo saúde-doença e os conceitos oriundos de Gramsci, de Estado e sociedade civil. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e os sujeitos foram convidados a participar do estudo mediante ciência do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os depoimentos foram analisados segundo técnica de análise de discurso. Os resultados revelaram que as parcerias se iniciaram por estímulo do governo estadual; tiveram como população-alvo, a população geral e alguns grupos específicos (os vulneráveis à doença); em sua maioria, contaram com financiamento do Fundo Global; o monitoramento não foi sistematizado por parte do Estado, mas pelos financiadores dos projetos e; a relação acordada entre ambos foi mais de caráter informal e baseada no compromisso de cada parte. Sobre as ações desenvolvidas, estavam centradas na promoção do controle social, da intersetorialidade, na difusão de informações sobre a doença e, em menor escala, na execução de tarefas que caberiam ao Estado. As ONGs, de maneira geral, não tinham doentes portadores de TB como membros, mas como alvos de suas ações. O papel do Estado, na parceria, foi de estímulo e apoio, enquanto as ONGs se dedicavam à operacionalização das ações. A análise demonstrou que as ações das parcerias foram baseadas no entendimento de que a TB se relaciona com a exclusão social e de que é necessário defender os direitos dos doentes. Ainda, foram capazes de aproximar certos grupos populacionais e o governo. Dessa maneira, as parcerias parecem contribuir para diminuir as vulnerabilidades a que estão expostos alguns doentes com TB, entretanto, não alcançaram revelar a base da exclusão social e as contradições estruturais da sociedade que determinam a TB. / The objective of this study was to identify and characterize some partnerships oriented towards tuberculosis control set between non governmental organizations (NGOs) and the Tuberculosis (TB) Control Program in the State of São Paulo. It also analyzes the actions implemented in order to check their potential responses to the diseases determinants. The study had a qualitative approach and used the snowball technique to select its subjects. Data were collected from March to July 2010 by means of semi-structured interviews. 6 subjects of governmental agencies and 13 subjects of the civil societys organizations participated in the study. The analysis was based on the social determination of the health-disease process and Gramscis concepts of State and civil society. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research and the subjects were invited to join the study by signing a Free and Informed Consent Form. Their statements were analyzed according to the speech analysis techniques. The results disclosed that the partnerships were stimulated by the federal government; their target-population were the population in general and some specific groups (vulnerable to the disease); most of them were financed by the Global Fund; the State did not systematically monitored the program, the projects financers did; and the relationship agreed among the parties was more informal and based on each partys commitment. About the actions implemented, they were focused on promoting social control, cross-sectional actions, divulging information on the disease and, with less emphasis, on doing tasks that are responsibilities of the State. Generally speaking, the NGOs did not have sick people with TB among its members, but they were the target of their actions. The role of the State in the partnerships was to stimulate and support, while the NGOs implemented the actions. The analysis showed that the partnerships actions were based on the understanding that TB is related to social exclusion and that it is necessary to defend the rights of the sick. They were also able to make the government come closer to certain groups of population. So, partnerships seem to contribute to decrease the vulnerabilities to which TB carriers are exposed; however, they failed to disclose the base of social exclusion and structural contradictions of the society which determine TB.

Este estudo objetivou identificar e caracterizar algumas parcerias, voltadas ao controle da tuberculose, estabelecidas entre organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) e o Programa de Controle da Tuberculose (TB) no Estado de São Paulo. Buscou, ainda, analisar as ações desenvolvidas, de forma a verificar seu potencial para responder aos determinantes da doença. A abordagem do estudo foi qualitativa e utilizou-se a técnica do snowball para a escolha dos sujeitos. Os dados foram coletados entre Março e Julho de 2010, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Participaram do estudo, 6 sujeitos de órgãos governamentais e 13 sujeitos de organizações da sociedade civil. A análise teve como base a determinação social do processo saúde-doença e os conceitos oriundos de Gramsci, de Estado e sociedade civil. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e os sujeitos foram convidados a participar do estudo mediante ciência do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os depoimentos foram analisados segundo técnica de análise de discurso. Os resultados revelaram que as parcerias se iniciaram por estímulo do governo estadual; tiveram como população-alvo, a população geral e alguns grupos específicos (os vulneráveis à doença); em sua maioria, contaram com financiamento do Fundo Global; o monitoramento não foi sistematizado por parte do Estado, mas pelos financiadores dos projetos e; a relação acordada entre ambos foi mais de caráter informal e baseada no compromisso de cada parte. Sobre as ações desenvolvidas, estavam centradas na promoção do controle social, da intersetorialidade, na difusão de informações sobre a doença e, em menor escala, na execução de tarefas que caberiam ao Estado. As ONGs, de maneira geral, não tinham doentes portadores de TB como membros, mas como alvos de suas ações. O papel do Estado, na parceria, foi de estímulo e apoio, enquanto as ONGs se dedicavam à operacionalização das ações. A análise demonstrou que as ações das parcerias foram baseadas no entendimento de que a TB se relaciona com a exclusão social e de que é necessário defender os direitos dos doentes. Ainda, foram capazes de aproximar certos grupos populacionais e o governo. Dessa maneira, as parcerias parecem contribuir para diminuir as vulnerabilidades a que estão expostos alguns doentes com TB, entretanto, não alcançaram revelar a base da exclusão social e as contradições estruturais da sociedade que determinam a TB. / The objective of this study was to identify and characterize some partnerships oriented towards tuberculosis control set between non governmental organizations (NGOs) and the Tuberculosis (TB) Control Program in the State of São Paulo. It also analyzes the actions implemented in order to check their potential responses to the diseases determinants. The study had a qualitative approach and used the snowball technique to select its subjects. Data were collected from March to July 2010 by means of semi-structured interviews. 6 subjects of governmental agencies and 13 subjects of the civil societys organizations participated in the study. The analysis was based on the social determination of the health-disease process and Gramscis concepts of State and civil society. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research and the subjects were invited to join the study by signing a Free and Informed Consent Form. Their statements were analyzed according to the speech analysis techniques. The results disclosed that the partnerships were stimulated by the federal government; their target-population were the population in general and some specific groups (vulnerable to the disease); most of them were financed by the Global Fund; the State did not systematically monitored the program, the projects financers did; and the relationship agreed among the parties was more informal and based on each partys commitment. About the actions implemented, they were focused on promoting social control, cross-sectional actions, divulging information on the disease and, with less emphasis, on doing tasks that are responsibilities of the State. Generally speaking, the NGOs did not have sick people with TB among its members, but they were the target of their actions. The role of the State in the partnerships was to stimulate and support, while the NGOs implemented the actions. The analysis showed that the partnerships actions were based on the understanding that TB is related to social exclusion and that it is necessary to defend the rights of the sick. They were also able to make the government come closer to certain groups of population. So, partnerships seem to contribute to decrease the vulnerabilities to which TB carriers are exposed; however, they failed to disclose the base of social exclusion and structural contradictions of the society which determine TB.

The thesis is based on a qualitative research realized in summer 2008 in several municipalities in Šumava. Focus groups organized within this research aimed at the relationship of different stakeholders to the Šumava National Park and more generally to nature and environmentalist thoughts and actors. The research design and the data gathered are presented in the introduction. Then the theory of general principles of consensus is described, which serves as the main theoretical framework for the study of focus groups participants' arguments. Using particular arguments, I show that against the protection of nature as it is realized by Šumava National Park Authority, critical citizens build their arguments on values that are considered legitimate and important in Czech society. The next part of the thesis studies the ecological principle of consensus as a new general principle of consensus: I discuss the conditions for existence of such a principle, its form in the controversy about the management of Šumava and the implications its form can have, supporting broader acceptance of the principle or, on the contrary, its rejection. An important point there is the relationship between expertise and participation, which are, together with the concept of nature, main elements of the ecological principle of...