The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between city branding and community sport focusing on the role of citizens. Community sport means more than just organized sport events, covering all of physical activities, recreation, and leisure that are based on the region. Therefore, Community-based Sport and Recreational Physical Activity (CSRPA) is closely related to urban experience and quality of life of local residents. Specifically, the objectives of this research are to: (1) evaluate the perceptions of internal stakeholders of city branding through CSRPA; and (2) examine the possibility of considering CSRPA as branding opportunities. Participatory city branding theory provided the most relevant theoretical frameworks to shed light on co-creative image building process by leveraging citizens’ participation to CSRPA. The methodology used in the study was case study with the city of Ottawa, Canada. City representatives (n=17) took part in semi-structure interviews to elucidate their perceptions and lived experiences associated with Ottawa city branding. Citizens (n=127) participated in an online survey to express their voices surrounding city brands and sport participation. The findings of the study suggest that CSRPA constitutes an interesting opportunity to contribute to co-creative city branding by incorporating citizens’ voices and promoting collaborative public governance.

In October 2012, then-Mayor Kevin Johnson, surrounded by the region’s chefs, restaurateurs, and others working in the food arena, proclaimed the City of Sacramento “America’s Farm-to-Fork Capital.” The basis for the designation, in part, was Sacramento’s geographic proximity to agricultural production. With more than 50 farmers markets and between 7,000 – 8,000 acres of “boutique farms” in the region, the Mayor stated the designation would be more than “simply a marketing campaign.” Based on interviews with a wide variety of people working in “local food” (including a non-profit organization with a mission to get kids to eat their vegetables, large corporations, and small businesses) this thesis will explore the concept of local food in Sacramento, the Farm-to-Fork movement and what it has meant for the region. With an annual festival that has seen increased attendance in each of its five years, from an estimated 50,000 people the first year, to 75,000 people in 2016, the designation branded Sacramento as a food destination city bringing visitors and their dollars as intended. Beyond a well-attended festival, what has the history behind the title of America’s Farm-to-Fork Capital meant to the local food system and how has it impacted local farmers, chefs, restaurateurs and those whose livelihoods are closely tied to food?

Adopting an inside out perspective to city branding, this doctoral thesis examines the significance of residents and their relationship towards cities in terms of association, identity and ownership of the physical environment, in the context of city branding. This is important because the growing interest towards city branding not only challenged the traditional understanding of branding concepts but also forced academics and practitioners to seek ways to mould and shape existing concepts to the context of city branding. This qualitative study was undertaken within a constructivist grounded theory methodology and uses Leeds, UK and Istanbul, Turkey as deliberately contrasting case studies. In accordance with grounded theory, the literature was only used to inform rather than direct the research design. The sampling design involved initial and theoretical sampling and in total of 22 residents interviewed from both cities. The emergent place brand identity mosaic comprises of four main categories of social process (SP), place attachment (PA), sense of place (SoP) and built environment (BE), and the most significant feature of the place identity mosaic is that it is processual, dynamic, and time and context specific. In terms of contribution to knowledge, the present study bridges the gap in between the subject fields of branding (brand management) and urban studies by proposing an inside out approach to branding cities. The findings indicate that the place brand identity mosaic elements provide a platform to explain how residents make sense of where they live and to begin to understand the concept of the city brand identity. Moreover, in regards to practice, it brings a new perspective to the existing city managements by highlighting a focal point of “keeping the existing customers happy” through investigating and understanding the role and significance of residents, their attachment to where they live and how this insight can be cooperated into creating and developing a sustainable city brand.

Abstract    This thesis explores the evolving relationship between architecture and the globally competitive city, specifically examining how architects are involved in the realization of market metaphors that underpin city-branding on global markets. Specifically, this research focuses on waterfront redevelopment projects of post-industrial cities. Post-Industrial cities responded to their shared period of economic despair and declining port-related activities through embracing market-led city planning. This would repurpose their old redundant port sites and attract further economic investment. Through this, post-industrial cities sought  to appear more attractive on global markets, and this would in turn attract investment and foster new knowledge-based economies. City-branding became a key tool in this effort, with the goal of attracting investors and skilled individuals. The city's framework for city-branding has since greatly guided the output of the urban environment, and this has had a major impact on the work of modern architects. The theoretical section of this paper argues that architectural firms are complicit in maintaining the market metaphors of the city, and act accordingly to city-branding in reinforcing the entrepreneurial ethos of the city.   The argument of this thesis is that the close relationship between architecture and fostering competitiveness within city planning of competitive cities is a result of the prioritization of commercial considerations over architectural autonomy. It is argued that due to globalization, the neoliberal ethos of competitive cities has restructured the development of the built environment globally to economically brand cities. This has resulted in a reproduction of the neoliberal critiques we see which are related to the social welfare of those a part of the neoliberal regimes. The hegemonic nature of neoliberalism ensures the freedom of global markets, which this thesis discovers to have ranging social effects on architecture. Overall, the neoliberal ethos of competitive cities now ensures that architecture should reflect the investment appeal of the city, and promote an entrepreneurial spirit in the urban environment to the dismay of architects.     The analysis section employs press release analysis and interviews with architects to test the proposed theoretical frameworks of city-branding and neoliberal architecture. The findings demonstrate that architectural firms and their flagship projects do align with marketised city branding. However, the insights from our interviews reveal disparities between marketized branding and architects' personal interpretations of their work. Architects perceive architecture as an artform which struggles to maintain balance amidst the demands of global markets.

No description available.

Seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung steht die Stadt Berlin im Fokus einer Kampagne, die die Identität von Berlin neu definiert und die allgemeine Darstellung der Stadt positiv zu beeinflussen versucht. Das weit verbreitete Stadtbild beinhaltet jedoch nicht immer die Vielfältigkeit von sozialen und urbanen Akteuren. Oftmals wird Berlin als eine elitäre Stadt dargestellt, soziale Spannungen werden nicht betrachtet und können sich durch die einseitige Darstellung sogar verstärken. Diese Arbeit vergleicht die verschiedenen Darstellungen der Stadt, die von lokalen politischen Akteuren, der Tourismusbranche und von sozialen Bürgerbewegungen propagiert werden. Sie werden in der Arbeit ausgiebig erläutert und bewertet. Ein abschließender Vergleich legt die unterschiedlichen Darstellungen und Gemeinsamkeiten der verschiedenen Akteure dar. Neben der historischen Analyse mit Einbezug des Wandels der Stadt, werden Aspekte und Themen wie Kommerzialisierung, Bürgerbeteiligung, Multikulturalismus und Subkulturen behandelt. Darüber hinaus werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Fragen und Probleme des Urbanismus und der Gestaltung des Stadtbildes durch einen bildlichen Ansatz mit Einbezug der verschiedenen Konstellationen analysiert. Der Ansatz beruht auf der Idee des “dialektischen Bildes” von Walter Benjamin aus seinem ‘Passagen-Werk’. Die Auswertung ergibt, dass die öffentliche Darstellung der Stadt von lokalen politischen Akteuren und der Tourismusbranche viele Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen, während die Darstellung der Bewohner deutlich davon abweicht. Dieser Kontrast spiegelt eine große Unzufriedenheit von Teilen der Bevölkerung mit der offiziellen Darstellung der Stadt, welche sich auf einen post-industriellen, ökonomischen Ansatz stützt. / Since German Reunification the city of Berlin has been the object of a carefully designed campaign to reinvent its identity and to promote its image. The propagated city image does not always include the wide variety of social and urban expressions, and frequently compels an elitist vision of the city that, far from alleviating emerging social tensions, reinforces them. This research offers a comparative analysis of the city image produced by the local government, and the imagery produced by other actors involved in urban processes. To this end, a collection of images representing the city of Berlin was integrated, with materials produced by three main sectors: the local government, the tourism industry and a variety of social movements. The collected images are described and analyzed with the aim of knowing the assumptions they comprise, and are afterwards compared against each other to find similarities and differences between the city visions of their producers. Topics like historical memory, urban change, commercialization, public participation, subcultural expressions and multiculturalism arose from this comparison. In addition, the dissertation proposes a visual approach for the analysis of issues linked to urbanism and the construction of city image. Such approach is inspired in the idea of “dialectical image”, described by Walter Benjamin in his unfinished ‘Arcades Project’, and consists in putting together a set of chosen pictures in small groups or “constellations” that make evident their similarities and differences. The research shows that the image prompted by the local government and by the tourist industry are alike, while there are significant divergences between the official image and the representations of citizens. These divergences seem to reflect a deep dissatisfaction of some sectors of the population with the official city model, based on assumptions of a post-industrial economy.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to investigate how four companies in Värmland, Sweden, are working strategically with their brands. This is a qualitative method in which we have used a combination of interviews and literature review in order to investigate the link between brands and the Karlstad region.</p><p>Even though there is a huge interest in brands, there are only a few companies who can describe clearly what their own brand represents. This probably due to the fact that the brand is still regarded as a tactical tool, rather than as a strategic one. Because of this we find it very interesting to investigate how organizations in Värmland think about this issue. Are brands regarded as a strategic resource, and how strong is the link between their brands and the region?</p><p>The result indicate that organizations are working strategically with their brands, but they can still get better. Working with brands is a long-term work and the result can not be shown directly. Economic resources and old traditions limit the divisions which work with marketing and their possibilities to develop the brand in becoming an important part of success. Working with brands is a never-ending job, and you must always struggle forward. There is no model for building a strong brand, but we know that a clear vision is a basic condition.</p> / <p>Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur fyra värmländska organisationer arbetar med sitt varumärke och hur de ser på varumärket som strategisk resurs. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod, i form av intervjuer i kombination med litteraturstudier har vi även tittat på deras varumärkens koppling till regionen.</p><p>Trots att intresset för varumärken är stort, är det få företag som faktiskt kan redogöra för vad det egna varumärket egentligen står för. Detta beror förmodligen på att varumärket fortfarande på många håll betraktas som ett taktiskt hjälpmedel snarare än en strategisk resurs. Därför tycker vi att det är intressant att titta på hur man ser på detta i värmländska organisationer. Betraktas varumärket som en strategisk resurs, hur hög dignitet har den och hur stark är kopplingen till regionen?</p><p>Resultatet visar att samtliga av de berörda organisationerna arbetar strategiskt med varumärket men de kan bli bättre. Varumärkesarbete är mycket långsiktigt och resultaten går knappast att se över en natt. Ekonomiska resurser och gamla traditioner begränsar informations-/marknadsavdelningarnas möjligheter att utveckla varumärket ytterligare och bli en avgörande framgångsfaktor. Varumärkesarbete blir aldrig fullbordat, man måste hela tiden sträva framåt. Det finns ingen fullständig mall för vad som kännetecknar ett starkt varumärke, men att ha en tydlig vision har visat sig vara en förutsättning.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how four companies in Värmland, Sweden, are working strategically with their brands. This is a qualitative method in which we have used a combination of interviews and literature review in order to investigate the link between brands and the Karlstad region. Even though there is a huge interest in brands, there are only a few companies who can describe clearly what their own brand represents. This probably due to the fact that the brand is still regarded as a tactical tool, rather than as a strategic one. Because of this we find it very interesting to investigate how organizations in Värmland think about this issue. Are brands regarded as a strategic resource, and how strong is the link between their brands and the region? The result indicate that organizations are working strategically with their brands, but they can still get better. Working with brands is a long-term work and the result can not be shown directly. Economic resources and old traditions limit the divisions which work with marketing and their possibilities to develop the brand in becoming an important part of success. Working with brands is a never-ending job, and you must always struggle forward. There is no model for building a strong brand, but we know that a clear vision is a basic condition. / Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur fyra värmländska organisationer arbetar med sitt varumärke och hur de ser på varumärket som strategisk resurs. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod, i form av intervjuer i kombination med litteraturstudier har vi även tittat på deras varumärkens koppling till regionen. Trots att intresset för varumärken är stort, är det få företag som faktiskt kan redogöra för vad det egna varumärket egentligen står för. Detta beror förmodligen på att varumärket fortfarande på många håll betraktas som ett taktiskt hjälpmedel snarare än en strategisk resurs. Därför tycker vi att det är intressant att titta på hur man ser på detta i värmländska organisationer. Betraktas varumärket som en strategisk resurs, hur hög dignitet har den och hur stark är kopplingen till regionen? Resultatet visar att samtliga av de berörda organisationerna arbetar strategiskt med varumärket men de kan bli bättre. Varumärkesarbete är mycket långsiktigt och resultaten går knappast att se över en natt. Ekonomiska resurser och gamla traditioner begränsar informations-/marknadsavdelningarnas möjligheter att utveckla varumärket ytterligare och bli en avgörande framgångsfaktor. Varumärkesarbete blir aldrig fullbordat, man måste hela tiden sträva framåt. Det finns ingen fullständig mall för vad som kännetecknar ett starkt varumärke, men att ha en tydlig vision har visat sig vara en förutsättning.

This Master's thesis examines the foreign cultural policies of global cities, and incorporates case studies of London and Paris during the years 2007-2016. It answers the question why, in what manner and with what results do these two global cities form the cultural sphere of their respective foreign policies. Through the analysis of the British and French cultural diplomacy, the thesis determines whether the foreign cultural efforts of global cities differ from the ones of their states and share common features among themselves, or whether the influence of the national models, contrary to the global cities theories, still plays the key role. Furthermore, the question of if, to what extent and with what results do Paris and London participate in cooperation among cities is addressed in order to asses Saskia Sassen's hypothesis about the formation of transnational urban networks. The thesis concludes that even though the cultural spheres of London's and Paris's foreign policies share many similarities, the influence of state models is still evident. London, as opposed to Paris, just like the United Kingdom as opposed to France, makes use of modern methods, including marketing and city/state branding, and at the same time puts emphasis on economic profit. On the other hand, both cities use similar tools and...

[pt] Estima-se que até 2050, noventa por cento da população da América Latina esteja residindo em áreas urbanas (UN DESA, 2018), dado que impõe um desafio às cidades, que precisam buscar soluções para melhorar a qualidade de vida de seus habitantes e ainda ser capazes de atrair investimentos e visitantes, desenvolvendo estratégias que as destaquem mundialmente. Visando melhorar a qualidade de vida, a eficiência dos serviços e a competitividade dos centros urbanos, através da tecnologia, respeitando aspectos econômicos, sociais, ambientais e culturais, o conceito de Cidade Inteligente apresenta-se como uma solução para o presente e o futuro das cidades (ITU-T, 2016), influenciando ainda, a indústria do turismo, de onde emerge o Destino Turístico Inteligente, que se propõe a tornar a experiência geral dos visitantes mais divertida, eficiente e conveniente (BOES; BUHALIS; INVERSINI, 2015). O objetivo desta tese é compreender como os atributos de Cidades Inteligentes (GIFFINGER et al., 2007) influenciam a marca de uma cidade. Empregando uma estratégia de métodos mistos, foram coletadas percepções de turistas acerca dos atributos em dez capitais da América Latina. Em seguida, foram investigadas as iniciativas e a comunicação das cidades, através da análise dos sites e publicações nos perfis de turismo da rede social Instagram. Por fim, a trajetória do Rio de Janeiro para se tornar uma Cidade Inteligente e um Destino Turístico Inteligente (BUHALIS; AMARANGGANA, 2014) foi examinada. Os achados apontam dissonâncias entre o que é percebido e o que é comunicado, indicando oportunidades para que os gestores públicos, profissionais de branding e de turismo agreguem tais atributos aos posicionamentos de marcas de cidades, bem como ampliem o escopo de um Destino Turístico Inteligente, aproximando-o do conceito de Cidade Inteligente. A tese contribui com os estudos sobre marcas de lugares, ao investigar de que forma os atributos de Cidades Inteligentes podem influenciar as marcas de cidades ou de destinos turísticos e com a concepção de destinos turísticos, ao identificar que a dimensão Pessoas deve ser ressaltada. Envolver os cidadãos em uma cultura inteligente e adotar as dimensões de Cidades Inteligentes como premissas para direcionar a ideação do plano estratégico das cidades da América Latina, pode contribuir para a construção de sua reputação como Cidade Inteligente. / [en] It is estimated that by 2050, 90 percent of the population of Latin America will be living in urban areas (UN DESA, 2018), as this poses a challenge to cities, which need to seek solutions to improve the quality of life of their inhabitants and still be capable of attracting investments and visitors, developing strategies that make them stand out worldwide. Aiming to improve the quality of life, the efficiency of services and the competitiveness of urban centers, through technology, respecting economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects, the Smart City concept presents itself as a solution for the present and the future of cities (ITU-T, 2016), also influencing the tourism industry, from which the Smart Tourism Destination emerges, which proposes to make the general experience of visitors more fun, efficient and convenient (BOES; BUHALIS; INVERSINI, 2015) . The objective of this thesis is to understand how the attributes of Smart Cities (GIFFINGER et al., 2007) influence the brand of a city. Employing a mixed methods strategy, tourists perceptions of attributes were collected in ten Latin American capitals. Then, the initiatives and the communication of the cities were investigated, through the analysis of the websites and publications in the tourism profiles of the social network Instagram. Finally, Rio de Janeiro s trajectory towards becoming a Smart City and Smart Tourist Destination (BUHALIS; AMARANGGANA, 2014) was examined. The findings point to dissonances between what is perceived and what is communicated, indicating opportunities for public managers, branding and tourism professionals to add such attributes to the positioning of city brands, as well as to expand the scope of an Smart Tourism Destination, bringing it closer to the Smart City concept. The thesis contributes to studies on place branding, by investigating how the attributes of Smart Cities can influence the brands of cities or tourist destinations and with the design of tourist destinations, by identifying that the People dimension should be highlighted. Involving citizens in an intelligent culture and adopting the dimensions of Smart Cities as premises to direct the ideation of the strategic plan of cities in Latin America, can contribute to building their Smart Cities reputation.