Magistro darbe formuluojamos miesto prekės ženklui skirtos literatūros problemos, susietos su pamatinių modelių galimiems ateities tyrimams nepakankamumu ir nekonkretumu. Remiantis iškeltais uždaviniais suformuluotos miesto prekės ženklo teorinės sampratos bei išskirti esminiai jo elementai. Išanalizuotos pagrindinės galimos ženklodaros strategijų grupės bei pasiūlytas konstrukcinis modelis tinkamas Šiaulių miesto prekės ženklo įvaizdžio analizei. Atlikus tyrimą pateiktos išvados bei rekomendacijos sėkmingam miesto prekės ženklo įvaizdžio vystymui. Iš dalies patvirtinama autoriaus iškelta hipotezė, jog Šiaulių miestas nepakankamai dėmesio skiria savo įvaizdžio kūrimui, taigi vartotojų mintyse jis suvokiamas kaip blankus ir paremtas labiau negatyviomis asociacijomis. / Master‘s final paper formulates problems associated with literature of city brand. Such as lack of main elements of brand structure and none of suitable tools created for experiments in future. Theoretical aspects of city brand and city branding are revealed according to tasks of the research. Three main strategies for city branding are purified. At the same time tool for measuring image of Siauliai city was constructed. Conclusions and recommendations for city‘s image development are offered. Hypothesis, that city does not pay enough attention to the city‘s image is partly confirmed.

The concept of branding has been developed mainly in the perspectives of product and corporate. Nowadays, there is an emerging trend and attention to be made on the concept of branding cites. As thought from the perspective of product, the promotion of city has been considered mainly from tourism point of view. Nevertheless, there is increasing number of researchers have started to consider the city branding more broadly and from the perspective of corporate branding. Furthermore, since the importance of communication, especially among different stakeholders, has been emphasized in corporate branding literatures, few literatures in city branding have started to mention the linkage between corporate branding and city branding in this aspect. This paper is then focused on the stakeholder communication strategies in both corporate and city branding, with the identification of major stakeholder in city branding: the local residents/service providers. Then potential stakeholder communication strategies for city branding are developed from the corporate branding literatures and discussed with primary research results from the Design District Helsinki project. In addition, possible application to Taipei City is also discussed.

Dans une perspective strictement structurale, cherchant à étendre et généraliser le calque linguistique à la majorité des champs épistémologiques, une nouvelle science –la sémiologie– est née. Considérant les conventions et systèmes langagiers circulant dans la vie sociale des signes, ladite science n’a pas hésité à comparer les systèmes sémiotiques-forme architecturale et paysage de la ville à des structures discursives ou encore des « textes ». L’intégration du système de signes-forme architecturale dans le paysage de la ville se définit conséquemment comme une « dialogie » entre lesdits systèmes sémiotiques, une « intertextualité » s’effectuant sur la base de codes variés, enchevêtrés. En se basant sur les fondements peirciens du signe, nous proposons (selon une méthodologie décompositive desdits systèmes de signes) d’élucider le sens de cette dialogie dans les stratégies contemporaines du « Branding urbain » où ladite « intertextualité » se transforme en « interimagibilité » (ou « intericonicité ») prenant la ville de Toronto et l’extension du musée royal de l’Ontario (ROM) un corpus remarquable manifestant ladite métamorphose. / In a structural perspective, looking to extend the loan translation to the epistemological fields, semiology was born. Considering conventions and linguistic system of the social life as «signs», both architectural form and cityscape were compared to «discursive structures» or «texts». Consequently, the integration of the architectural form in the cityscape will be defined as a «dialogy» based on entangled codes. With the reference to the peircien’s conception of the sign, we suggest, through a decompositive methodology, to find the meaning of this «dialogy» in the actual strategy of «city Branding» where «intertextuality» is being converted «interimagibility» (or «intericonicity») taking the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) as corpus of this remarquable metamorphosis.

“What is certain is that the question of […] re-making a landscape of prostitution in the city […] needs to be viewed as part of a changing, global discourse on the nature of contemporary cities” (Aalbers & Sabat 2012, p. 114).Prostitution – associated with well-known Red-Light Districts – has for a long time been seen as “a significant urban activity that relates to other economic and social functions of the city [and contributes] […] to the cognitive image of a city held by both residents and non-residents, even those who have never frequented them” (Ashworth, White & Winchester 1988, p. 201). It is therefore no surprise that within the neoliberal framework of inter-city competition, these once notorious districts, commonly associated with crime and violence, ascended into spaces of entertainment and consumption, neatly aligning with entrepreneurial city branding strategies. The Reeperbahn, Hamburg’s famous mile of sin, located within the district of St. Pauli is no exception to this rule. As a place traditionally located outside Hamburg’s social and physical city limits, it is nowadays frequented by thousands of tourists and party seekers, drawn in by the area’s myths and shady reputation (Khan 2012). Actively fostering the (economic) attractiveness of the so-called Kiez has long been part of Hamburg’s city politics and was reinforced with the creation of the Hamburg Brand Marketing Strategy in 2002, where the Entertainment Mile Reeperbahn alongside Hamburg’s Pulsating Scenes became two of the key success modules in branding the city. The repercussion this has had not only for the district and its inhabitants but specifically for the red-light industry has largely been understudied.This Master’s Thesis therefore, aims at studying the general effects of city branding, such as displacement and conflict over spatial uses in the face of Over-Tourism and re-development strategies. Looking at the specific case of the Reeperbahn, it closes the gap of the somewhat understudied effects of gentrification on St. Pauli’s unique culture. By interviewing different local stakeholders, conducting a broad literature review as well as undertaking field work, the Hamburg-St.-Pauli-Brand-Dialectic will be analyzed subsequently, showing, how the Hamburg Brand and the city as a whole have profited from St. Pauli’s reputation and what consequences this has had in turn for the district.

In this research, the “Smart City-edifice” of Lisbon has been examined through qualitative field work carried out in the city. The concept of the Smart City- edifice has been designed by the author in an attempt to grasp the ambiguous Smart City ambition as an assemblage of (i) specific techniques incorporated into the urban environment (ii) the modes of governance which these techniques allow for, particularly real time data collection & (iii) issues of city branding, placemaking and urban, Smart regeneration. The highlighted empirical material has been produced in collaboration with interlocutors from three different projects, and relate to the three different facets of the Smart Cityedifice: A developer of a gamification scheme (e-governance), a sustainable neighbourhood project (Tech-driven sustainability and governance/civic participation) and lastly a creative hub (branding, creativity & regeneration). These facets are being examined in the context of Lisbon, a city which has gone through a re-formulation of urban agendas in the capitalist restructuring of the economy in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. The post-crisis strategy in Lisbon is interpreted as a sort of “attraction hysteria” (Anttiroiko, 2014), as much effort has been placed on attracting global capital and tourism, incentivised not least by a liberalized, profitable housing market. This attraction hysteria is understood by the author as producing specific implications for the development of the Smart Cityedifice. Main findings include the hinderances that said politics have produced for ambitions of civic participation and other democratic visions of the Smart City. These findings are understood in the light of the Lefebvrian framework of the “right to the city” and critical understandings of the touristified city. The field work itself has been guided by two key research questions, these being: a) How are Smart City narratives being operationalized locally by actors in Lisbon? B) What possible tensions could arise between Smart aims of global urban competitiveness and aims of civic participation, in the context of Lisbon?

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and understand how cities are using brandingefforts and strategies to further initiate projects of large scale. The study takes placewithin the cities of Malmö and Helsingborg that are both competing for gaining nationalsupport towards the initiation of megaprojects. Megaprojects are considered by a lot ofliterature to be high risk, which is why I want to understand how city branding strategiescan be used for justifying the implementation of these projects. In doing so the thesiswill conduct a document analysis to try and identify if there are any city brandingstrategies towards the megaprojects and where these strategies can be found. What isalso considered a main goal for this thesis is to uncover what city branding strategies thecities have and where these can be identified within their communication platforms. Thethesis will compare the cities of Malmö and Helsingborg and the megaprojects ofÖresundsmetro and HH-tunnel to find similarities, differences and ultimately try touncover the correlation between city branding and megaprojects.

[pt] Frente à acirrada competição entre cidades, é tarefa dos gestores proporcionar um ambiente de atração para visitantes e investimentos, além de manter os residentes satisfeitos. Portanto, o desenvolvimento local vai além das políticas públicas e se torna um desafio de mercado. Ademais, há um reconhecimento crescente por parte dos gestores e outros agentes de que uma cena musical dinâmica impulsiona a economia ao criar empregos, atrair turistas e fortalecer a marca da cidade. Diante desse contexto, este estudo investiga como a indústria da música ao vivo afeta o processo de construção da marca de uma cidade, analisa os componentes e dimensões dessa indústria e também mostra como uma cidade pode articulá-los para fomentar o desenvolvimento e fortalecer sua marca. A pesquisa foi realizada através de um estudo de caso múltiplo realizado no Rio de Janeiro e em Montreal, cidades com forte tradição de música ao vivo. Como resultado, foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico que propõe a divisão da infraestrutura de música ao vivo em duas partes: uma voltada para grandes eventos e outra voltada para o que acontece durante todo o ano, fora dos grandes eventos. A pesquisa aponta que os grandes eventos têm uma forte influência na marca da cidade. No entanto, é o que acontece ao longo do ano que nutre a identidade cultural de uma cidade, que por sua vez tem uma forte influência na marca da cidade. Os resultados destacam que: (a) as cenas musicais de uma cidade podem ser um argumento turístico porque são um elemento de diferenciação; (b) as cidades devem proteger seus espaços de pequeno e médio porte, pois eles tornam os eventos musicais mais acessíveis e relevantes para a população de diferentes territórios; (c) a proteção da indústria de música ao vivo de uma cidade está conectada com a preservação de seu patrimônio musical. A herança musical influencia a composição, produção, consumo e outros aspectos envolvidos nas cenas musicais de uma cidade; (d) é fundamental garantir a continuidade das políticas públicas de cultura e estabelecer um processo mais inclusivo que considere a diversidade do público; e (e) considerando a escassez de recursos, o financiamento público deve priorizar o apoio à educação musical, aos eventos musicais ao longo do ano e à preservação do patrimônio da cidade. O estudo também mostra que as Secretarias de Turismo e Cultura devem trabalhar juntas para manter a autenticidade da marca da cidade, pois o que não está exclusivamente ligado a um lugar pode ser replicado por outra cidade e, portanto, não pode ser considerado um elemento de diferenciação. Este estudo pretende fornecer informações para acadêmicos, profissionais da indústria musical, gestores públicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento econômico e cultural, e profissionais de turismo que procuram maneiras de impulsionar as economias locais por meio da cultura. / [en] With the increasingly fierce competition among cities, place managers must provide an environment capable of not only attracting visitors and investments but also keeping residents satisfied. Therefore, local development goes beyond public policy and becomes a market challenge. Furthermore, there is a growing recognition among governments and other stakeholders that a dynamic music scene boosts a city s economy by creating jobs, attracting tourists, and strengthening the city s brand. Within this context, the present study investigates how the live music industry affects the process of building a city s brand. The project analyzes the components and dimensions of the live music industry and also shows how a city can articulate them in order to foster the development of its live music industry and strengthen its brand. This analysis was based on a multiple-case study conducted in Rio de Janeiro and in Montreal, cities with strong and long-standing traditions of live music. A theoretical model was developed as a result of this inquiry. It proposes the breakdown of the city cultural infrastructure into two parts: a live music infrastructure geared towards major events, and a live music infrastructure geared towards what happens year-round, outside of major events. The findings show that major events have a strong influence on city branding. Yet the research also shows that it is what happens throughout the year that nourishes a city s cultural identity, which in turn has a strong influence on the city s brand. The results highlight that: (a) strong music scenes can be a tourism argument because they are an element of differentiation; (b) cities must protect their small and medium-sized venues because these spaces can make music events more accessible and relevant to the population of different territories; (c) the protection of the live music industry of a city and the preservation of its musical heritage go hand in hand. Musical heritage influences music composition, consumption and other aspects involved in a city s music scenes; (d) ensuring the continuity of public policies for culture and establishing a more inclusive process that considers the diversity of the audience is key; and (e) considering the scarcity of resources, public funding should prioritize support for music education, year-round live music events, and the preservation of the city s heritage. The study also emphasizes that the Tourism Office and Bureau of Cultural Affairs should work together to keep city branding authentic, since what is not uniquely linked to a place can easily replicated, and therefore can t be considered an element of differentiation. This study intends to provide information for academics, music industry professionals, political leaders and government officials involved in economic and/or cultural development, and tourism and business leaders looking for ways to boost local economies through culture.

The study examined the most common visual representations of the city of Malmö on Instagrams #malmö hashtag over four days. The images were analyzed from a contextual perspective and a constructivist approach.  Results from the study were utilized in the related media production; a series of illustrated and animated Instagram advertisements for Malmös tourist office.

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Les villes de toutes tailles rivalisent aujourd'hui avec des endroits et des organisations situés sur tous les continents pour attirer les investisseurs, touristes, entreprises, travailleurs, étudiants et futurs résidants. Afin de faire face à cette concurrence mondiale, l’utilisation d’approches et de stratégies de marketing et de branding territorial par les autorités municipales dans leur démarche de planification et de gestion urbaine est de plus en plus fréquente. Ce mémoire se penche sur le caractère politique du branding des villes, qui a été jusqu’ici très peu exploré. Il expose l’engouement observé pour l’adoption de ce type de politiques dans un nombre croissant de villes et s’intéresse à l’influence de la communauté de consultants en marketing des villes dans le transfert de ce type de pratiques. Puisqu’il s’agit d’une approche nouvelle, ce mémoire se veut avant tout exploratoire. Il présente un portrait de la communauté d’acteurs œuvrant dans ce domaine d’activité et expose certains des éléments servant à illustrer l’influence que ces acteurs peuvent avoir sur la diffusion internationale de ce type de politiques et de pratiques. / Cities of all sizes compete today with places and organizations located on all continents to attract investors, tourists, businesses, workers, students and future residents. To cope with this global competition, the use of territorial marketing and branding approaches and strategies by municipal authorities in their approach to planning and urban management is becoming more common. This thesis looks at a political component of city branding that is relatively unexplored. It exposes the enthusiasm for the adoption of such policies in a growing number of cities and explores the possible influence the community of city marketing consultants exerts in the transfer of such practices. Since it is a new approach, this research is primarily exploratory. It presents a portrait of the community of actors involved in this area of activity and explores some of the elements that may be used to illustrate their influence on the international transfer of such policies and practices.