Orientador: Roger Darros-Barbosa / Banca: Maria Aparecida Mauro / Banca: José Fernando Durigan / Resumo: A recuperação dos sólidos solúveis presentes na membrana central da laranja, separada durante a etapa de extração industrial do suco, normalmente produz um suco contendo de 5 a 6ºBrix e uma série de outros compostos insolúveis (cerca de 9%), muitos dos quais contribuem para a baixa qualidade do suco, sendo responsáveis pelo amargor e adstringência. O presente trabalho propôs-se a clarificar esse suco contendo sólidos recuperados, empregando um pré-tratamento com enzimas pectinolíticas seguido por tratamento por flotação por injeção de ar comprimido auxiliada por agentes clarificantes: bentonita, sílica sol e colágeno hidrolisado. Constituíram-se os objetivos: (i) a determinação das melhores condições (tipo de enzima pectinolítica, duas hidrolases e duas pectinases, e tempo de incubação) para a degradação enzimática da pectina presente; (ii) a determinação da melhor combinação dos agentes clarificantes visando obter um subproduto clarificado através do monitoramento de parâmetros físico-químicos (capacidade floculante e transmitância) e (iii) a avaliação do processo de flotação com diferentes concentrações de bentonita (500, 1.000 e 1.500 mg L-suco-1 e pressões (490, 680 e 880 kPa) pela determinação do grau de clarificação através de monitoramento da transmitância do clarificado, pela determinação da velocidade de flotação/separação das fases, através da verificação das frações volumétricas das fases separadas (clarificado, sedimentado e flotado), em intervalos de tempos regulares durante o processo de flotação e pela análise do produto final clarificado. Os produtos clarificados foram analisados com relação ao conteúdo de sólidos solúveis e insolúveis, pH, acidez titulável, polpa, transmitância, cor (parâmetros L*, a*, b*) proteína, pectina total, sódio, hesperidina, polifenóis e bioflavonóides. Para o tratamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Core membrane of the orange fruit separated during the juice extraction step in the citrus processing industrial plant, is currently submitted to a soluble solids recovery process, normally producing a by product (secondary) juice containing about 5 to 6º Brix and other insoluble components (about 9%), which contribute to the juice's low quality, since many are responsible for the bitterness and adstringency. This research aimed to clarify this by-product juice containing recovered solids, by enzyme pre-treatment with pectic enzymes, followed by a flotation treatment with compressed air injection using fining agents: bentonite, silica sol and hydrolyzed collagen. The objectives were (i) to determine the best conditions (enzyme type, two hydrolyses and two pectin-liases and incubation time) for the enzyme treatment for pectin degradation; (ii) to determine the best combination of the fining agents to obtain a clarified by-product through monitoring physical chemical parameters (flocculating ability and product transmittance); and (iii) to evaluate the flotation process and the effects of bentonite concentration (500, 1.000 and 1.500 mg L-juice-1) and saturation pressure (490, 680 and 880 kPa) by determining the degree of clarification through monitoring the product transmittance and by determining the flotation rate (and phase separation) through measurements of volumetric fractions of the separated phases (clarified, floated and sediment) over time during the flotation and phase separation processes. Both untreated and clarified juices were analyzed for soluble and insoluble solid contents, pH, total titratable acidity, pulp content, transmittance, color (parameters L*, a* and b*), protein and pectin contents, sodium, hesperidine, poliphenols and bioflavonoids. The results indicates a purified poligalacturonase as the adequate for the enzyme treatment in 1 hour, 45ºC, with 0,05 mL... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:55:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gecyclan Rodrigues Santana.pdf: 854772 bytes, checksum: 71660343d6100696d1921827db79e654 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / This dissertation deals with requests for clarification and their use in the Brazilian law, in order to bring out the requirement of raw prequestionamento infra constitutional or inherent jurisprudential understanding according to (Judgments and Precedents 282 and 356 of the 211 STF and STJ) and doctrinaire, to either extraordinary appeal to the S T F or special appeal to the S T J. From the idea of justice through the process, we seek to understand the basic conceptual resources, talks are on the requests for clarification about the features and extraordinary and special, having prequestionamento as a conducting wire that is exposed. After some brief remarks on the origin and role of each of the aforementioned features and the doctrinal and jurisprudential understanding about prequestionamento, seeks to analyze intelligence about the requests for clarification as elements able to substantiate this requirement, mainly the position espoused by the S T F and the S T J because of the lack of judgment a quo to examine the point raised by the objector. Seen these points, the next step was to verify the discipline of requests for clarification in the draft text of the new Code of Civil Procedure, approved by the Senate of the Republic and through the House of Representatives. At this point, what matters is to see what the new code brings to light, especially in regard to Article 979, which is called the positive findings prequestionamento ficto and the spirit that pervades the Explanatory Memorandum of the new CPC, taking into account its main objectives. Afterwards, we sought to investigate the relationship between Article 979 and the two most important methodological conceptions of civil procedure in contemporary Brazil: instrumentalism and formalism-evaluative. After that, the objective was to verify the ontological, deontological, axiological, principled and constitutional dimensions of prequestionamento ficto, taking into account their positivization on the new CPC, article 979, and the implications of this positivization. Finally, one comes to the conclusion that no further provenance 211 from the S T J 211 Precedent, praising the initiative to the legislature put an end to a disagreement between the STF and STJ which had lasted for years and seemingly endless, thus ensuring, knowledge of special and extraordinary appeal, therefore, justice, legal certainty and effectiveness of the process / Esta dissertação trata dos embargos de declaração e da sua utilização, no direito brasileiro, como forma de fazer aflorar o requisito de prequestionamento das matérias constitucional ou infraconstitucional inerente, segundo entendimento jurisprudencial (acórdãos e Súmulas 282 e 356 do STF e 211 do STJ) e doutrinário, à interposição de recurso extraordinário ao STF ou de recurso especial ao STJ. A partir da ideia de justiça por meio do processo, busca-se a compreensão conceitual básica dos recursos, discorre-se sobre os embargos de declaração e sobre os recursos extraordinário e especial, tendo o prequestionamento como fio condutor do que se expõe. Após algumas breves considerações sobre a origem e o papel de cada um dos recursos supracitados e sobre o entendimento doutrinário e jurisprudencial acerca do prequestionamento, busca-se analisar a inteligência acerca dos embargos de declaração como elementos aptos a consubstanciar esse requisito, mormente a posição esposada pelo STF e pelo STJ diante da omissão do juízo a quo em analisar o ponto suscitado pela parte embargante. Vistos esses pontos, o próximo passo foi verificar a disciplina dos embargos de declaração no texto do projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil, já aprovado pelo Senado da República e em tramitação na Câmara dos Deputados. Nesse ponto, o que importa é verificar o que o novo Código traz a lume, principalmente no que tange ao artigo 979, que vem positivar o chamado prequestionamento ficto, e ao espírito que permeia a Exposição de Motivos do novo CPC, levando-se em conta seus principais objetivos. A seguir, buscou-se verificar a relação entre o artigo 979 e as duas mais importantes concepções metodológicas de processo civil no Brasil contemporâneo: o instrumentalismo e o formalismo-valorativo. Depois disso, o objetivo foi verificar as dimensões ontológica, deontológica, axiológica, principiológica e constitucional do prequestionamento ficto, levandose em consideração sua positivação no novo CPC, no artigo 979, e as implicações dessa positivação. Finalmente, chega-se à conclusão de que não haverá mais procedência a Súmula 211 do STJ, louvando-se a iniciativa de o legislador pôr fim, a uma dissensão entre o STF e o STJ que já durava anos e parecia interminável, garantindo, dessa forma, o conhecimento dos recursos extraordinário e especial e, consequentemente, justiça, segurança jurídica e efetividade do processo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaGSL.pdf: 4325839 bytes, checksum: ed5182708cd9548f2c8eca5937447cd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work aims to investigate the process of Dissolved air Flotation (DAF) for clarifying water samples with low turbidity using aluminum sulphate and Moringa oleifera seeds as coagulants. The experimental procedure was carried out in a bench scale flotation unit. The influences on the pre-treatment conditions (coagulant dosage and flocculation time) and flotation parameters (superficial application rate and recirculation rate) were evaluated considering the efficiency of the process. The efficiency was evaluated by determining the turbidity of the untreated and treated water samples. The results obtained showed that turbidity reduction can be obtained very efficiently by using DAF and the latter coagulant in low turbidity water. Using aluminum sulphate in pH?s 5.0 and 6.0 better efficiencies were obtained with low concentrations (15 mg/L), achieving values of 92% of turbidity reduction. In the case of use of Moringa oleifera better efficiencies of reduction of turbidity were reported when using a concentration of 50 mg/L in all range of pH?s, achieving 86% of reduction. The zeta potential was also determined, in an attempt to aid comprehension of the coagulation mechanisms involved. The coagulation mechanisms with Moringa oleifera seeds were shown to be adsorption and charge neutralization, as well as adsorption and bridging. Concerning aluminum sulphate, the predominant mechanisms are adsorption and charge neutralization and enmeshment in a precipitate. The results indicate that for low turbidity water, Moringa oleifera seeds could potentially be a viable substitute for aluminum sulphate / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o processo da flota??o por ar dissolvido sob press?o - FAD para clarifica??o de ?guas com baixa turbidez utilizando sulfato de alum?nio e sementes de Moringa oleifera como coagulantes. O procedimento experimental foi realizado em uma unidade de flota??o em escala de bancada. Foram avaliadas as influ?ncias das condi??es do pr?-tratamento (dosagem de coagulante e tempo de flocula??o) e par?metros de processo da flota??o (taxa de aplica??o superficial e taxa de recircula??o) na efici?ncia do processo. A efici?ncia foi avaliada pela determina??o de turbidez nas amostras de ?gua bruta e tratada. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que elevadas efici?ncias de redu??o da turbidez podem ser conseguidas com o uso da FAD em ?guas com baixa turbidez utilizando estes coagulantes. Para o sulfato de alum?nio, nos pHs 5,0 e 6,0 as melhores efici?ncias foram alcan?adas com baixas dosagens (15 mg/L), alcan?ando valores de at? 92% de redu??o. Para a Moringa oleifera, as melhores efici?ncias de redu??o de turbidez foram ? dosagem aproximada de 50 mg/L para todos os pHs, alcan?ando valores de 86% de redu??o. Determinou-se tamb?m o potencial zeta, com o objetivo de auxiliar na compreens?o dos mecanismos envolvidos na coagula??o. Os mecanismos de coagula??o com sementes de Moringa oleifera indicam ser adsor??o e neutraliza??o de cargas e adsor??o e forma??o de pontes. No que diz respeito ao sulfato de alum?nio os mecanismos predominantes s?o adsor??o e neutraliza??o de cargas e varredura. Os resultados indicam que para ?guas de baixa turbidez, as sementes de Moringa oleifera podem ser um substituto potencialmente vi?vel em rela??o ao sulfato de alum?nio

Denna magisteruppsats är baserad på översättningen av de två första kapitlen i ungdomsboken Goggle-Eyes (1989) av den brittiska författaren Anne Fine. Uppsatsen undersöker effekterna av en främmandegörande översättningsstrategi med utgångspunkt i Antoine Bermans negativa analysverktyg och med avseende på undvikandet av förlust av ikoniska och klangfulla ord och förlust av uttryck och idiom inklusive namn. Analysen visar att det i många fall är möjligt att bevara ikoniska och klangfulla ord vid översättningen, utan att effekten på måltexten blir främmandegörande, medan bevarandet av uttryck och namn i flera fall kräver förtydliganden för att måltexten ska bli begriplig för målgruppen. / The present study is based on the translation of the first two chapters of Goggle-Eyes, a novel for young teenagers by the british author Anne Fine. The study examines the effects of a foreignizing translation strategy based on Antoine Berman’s negative analytics, concerning avoidance of the loss of sonorous and iconic terms and expressions and idioms. The analysis suggests that in many cases it is possible to keep sonorous and iconic terms in translation without creating a foreignizing effect that could make reading difficult for young readers. However, the keeping of expressions and idioms in many cases calls for clarification in order to create a target text that is understandable for the target group.

The thesis deals with the use of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in water treatment technology in the Czech Republic. It summarizes the knowledge gained at pilot plant studies as well as the experience with full-scale flotation units which have been built in potable water treatment plants in the Czech Republic in years 2006-2018. This thesis provides a broad background of experimental studies of a modern separation process, which does have great advantages in the removal of natural organic matter and microorganisms from water in the drinking water treatment industry. In this thesis, there are presented some examples of the excellent efficiency of the microorganisms removal, both under the experimental conditions as well as water treatment plants, which were improved by DAF units installation in full scale. In addition to the high separation efficiency, it is shown, how DAF units could influence the subsequent separation steps as for example filtration through the granular media. The negative influence of the pre-ozonization on the DAF separation efficiency in Hradec Králové WTP is demonstrated too. The results of the pilot experiments support the idea, that the key condition for high removal efficiency is the optimal coagulation process chemistry. Design of pilot experiments was based on the factorial planning theory and some results are discussed in this thesis. The very big portion of the pilot experiments was made for estimating of the full-scale DAF design parameters before the water treatment plants reconstruction phase

The aim of the work is to present the possibilities of ethics in late Wittgensteinian framework. In course of the investigation will be presented: (1) early Wittgensteinian ethics, (2) late Wittgensteinian anti-foundationalism and (3) its consequences for analytical meta-ethics - it will be argued (a) against epistemologization of ethics and (b) for need of more complex understanding of ethics, by which traditional meta-ethical disputes of realism with anti-realism and of cognitivism with non-cognitivism will be overcame -, which will result in (4) development of late Wittgensteinian ethics. Ethics will be presented as consisting in ethical ways of seeing of the world, through which various phenomena arise as ethically relevant and late Wittgensteinian ethical investigation will be developed as clarification, cultivation and enrichment of our ethical ways of seeing in overall - partially subjective and partially intersubjective - context of language, life forms and life stories from which they arise. Keywords Ethics, meta-ethics, Wittgenstein, anti-foundationalism, truth in ethics, aspect seeing, perspicuous representation, ethics as clarification, life forms

L'Intelligence Territoriale est un concept récemment apparu en France. Nous l'avons identifié comme la conjugaison d'actions d'Intelligence Economique et de Knowledge Management appliquées à un territoire. L'Intermédiation Territoriale en est une forme particulière, qui s'appuie sur la notion de médiation et l'utilisation d'intermédiaire(s) humain(s). Nous avons participé à la mise en place d'un tel dispositif, dans lequel les intermédiaires humains sont notamment chargés de résoudre des problèmes informationnels pour des tiers. Nos travaux ont cherché à améliorer l'efficacité de ces personnels pour répondre aux Problèmes de Recherche d'Informations (PRI) qui leurs sont posés. Dans ce but, nous avons puisé notre inspiration dans les domaines de la Communication Humaine, de la Représentation des Connaissances et de la Résolution de Problèmes. Nous en avons déduit une solution en quatre parties : (1) des Principes de bonne formulation d'un énoncé de PRI, (2) un Modèle d'aide à la génération d'un questionnement sur un PRI, (3) un Outil d'aide à la représentation de l'interprétation d'un sujet de PRI, (4) une Pertinence informationnelle orientée vers la demande.

Lead is a known toxin, with the ability to accumulate in the human body from as early as fetal development. Lead exposure is known to cause a myriad of health effects which are more prominent among children. Health effects upon exposure can range from renal and heart disease or potentially cancer in adults to neurotoxicity in children. The continued presence of old lead service lines and plumbing in distribution systems as well as lead-containing solders and brass fixtures in homes may contribute lead to drinking water. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of a predictor known as the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio (CSMR) in controlling lead release. A ratio above 0.5 – 0.6 theoretically increases the aggressiveness of lead leaching in galvanic settings, while a lower ratio controls lead corrosion. A switch in coagulant type could significantly alter the ratio. However, a coagulant switch could also trigger changes in finished water turbidity and organics, including disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, as well as impact sludge production. Anecdotal evidence from an Ontario water treatment utility suggested the potential applicability of a newly formulated polymer, cationic activated silica (CAS), in improving DBP precursor removal when used in concurrence with a primary coagulant. No previous scientific research had been dedicated to testing of the polymer. The present research had three primary objectives: The first was to investigate the effect of conventional coagulation with six different coagulants on the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio as it pertains to lead corrosion in two Ontario source waters of differing quality. Additionally, the effect of coagulant choice on pH, turbidity, and organics removal was investigated. The second objective was aimed at testing potential reductions in CSMR and organics that could be brought about by the use of two polymers, cationic and anionic activated silica (CAS and AAS, respectively), as flocculant aids. Finally, the performance of a high-rate sand-ballasted clarification process was simulated at bench-scale to gauge its performance in comparison with conventional coagulation simulation techniques. The first series of jar-tests investigated the effectiveness of CAS as a primary coagulant on Lake Ontario water. In comparison with the conventional coagulants aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride, CAS did not offer any apparent advantage with respect to turbidity and organics removal. Testing of CAS and AAS as flocculant aids was also conducted. Results from a full factorial experiment focused on CAS testing on Lake Ontario water showed that coagulant dose is the most significant contributor to CSMR, turbidity, DOC removal, and THM control. Generally, improvements resulting from CAS addition were of small magnitude (<15%). Reductions in CSMR were attributed to the presence of the sulfate-containing chemicals alum and sulfuric acid in the CAS formulation. Testing of sulfuric acid-activated AAS on Grand River water showed that pairing of AAS with polyaluminum chloride provides better results than with alum with respect to DOC removal (39% and 27% respectively at 60 mg/L coagulant dose). Highest turbidity removals (>90%) with both coagulants were achieved at the tested coagulant and AAS doses of 10 mg/L and 4 mg/L respectively. CSMR reductions in the presence of AAS were also attributable to sulfate contribution from sulfuric acid. Bench-scale simulation of a high-rate sand-ballasted clarification process on Grand River water showed comparable removal efficiencies for turbidity (80 – 90% at 10 mg/L), and DOC (30 – 40% at 50 mg/L). Finally, six different coagulants were tested on the two source waters for potential applicability in CSMR adjustment in the context of lead corrosion. The two chloride-containing coagulants polyaluminum chloride and aluminum chlorohydrate increased CSMR in proportion to the coagulant dose added, as would be expected. Average chloride contribution per 10 mg/L coagulant dose was 2.7 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L for polyaluminum chloride and aluminum chlorohydrate, respectively. Sulfate-contributing coagulants aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate, pre-hydroxylated aluminum sulfate, and polyaluminum silicate sulfate reduced CSMR as coagulant dose increased, also as would be expected. The highest sulfate contributors per 10 mg/L dose were pre-hydroxylated aluminum sulfate (6.2 mg/L) and ferric sulfate (6.0 mg/L). The lowest CSMR achieved was 0.6 in Lake Ontario water at a 30 mg/L dose and 0.8 in Grand River water at a 60 mg/L dose. Highest DOC removals were achieved with the chloride-containing coagulants in both waters (35 – 50%) with aluminum chlorohydrate showing superiority in that respect. DOC removals with sulfate-containing coagulants were less, generally in the range of 22 – 41%. Specificity of critical CSMR values to source water needs to be investigated. Additionally, long term effects of sustained high or low CSMR values in distribution systems need to be further looked into. Finally, the effect of interventions to alter CSMR on other water quality parameters influencing lead corrosion such as pH and alkalinity still represent a research deficit.

Lead is a known toxin, with the ability to accumulate in the human body from as early as fetal development. Lead exposure is known to cause a myriad of health effects which are more prominent among children. Health effects upon exposure can range from renal and heart disease or potentially cancer in adults to neurotoxicity in children. The continued presence of old lead service lines and plumbing in distribution systems as well as lead-containing solders and brass fixtures in homes may contribute lead to drinking water. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of a predictor known as the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio (CSMR) in controlling lead release. A ratio above 0.5 – 0.6 theoretically increases the aggressiveness of lead leaching in galvanic settings, while a lower ratio controls lead corrosion. A switch in coagulant type could significantly alter the ratio. However, a coagulant switch could also trigger changes in finished water turbidity and organics, including disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, as well as impact sludge production. Anecdotal evidence from an Ontario water treatment utility suggested the potential applicability of a newly formulated polymer, cationic activated silica (CAS), in improving DBP precursor removal when used in concurrence with a primary coagulant. No previous scientific research had been dedicated to testing of the polymer. The present research had three primary objectives: The first was to investigate the effect of conventional coagulation with six different coagulants on the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio as it pertains to lead corrosion in two Ontario source waters of differing quality. Additionally, the effect of coagulant choice on pH, turbidity, and organics removal was investigated. The second objective was aimed at testing potential reductions in CSMR and organics that could be brought about by the use of two polymers, cationic and anionic activated silica (CAS and AAS, respectively), as flocculant aids. Finally, the performance of a high-rate sand-ballasted clarification process was simulated at bench-scale to gauge its performance in comparison with conventional coagulation simulation techniques. The first series of jar-tests investigated the effectiveness of CAS as a primary coagulant on Lake Ontario water. In comparison with the conventional coagulants aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride, CAS did not offer any apparent advantage with respect to turbidity and organics removal. Testing of CAS and AAS as flocculant aids was also conducted. Results from a full factorial experiment focused on CAS testing on Lake Ontario water showed that coagulant dose is the most significant contributor to CSMR, turbidity, DOC removal, and THM control. Generally, improvements resulting from CAS addition were of small magnitude (<15%). Reductions in CSMR were attributed to the presence of the sulfate-containing chemicals alum and sulfuric acid in the CAS formulation. Testing of sulfuric acid-activated AAS on Grand River water showed that pairing of AAS with polyaluminum chloride provides better results than with alum with respect to DOC removal (39% and 27% respectively at 60 mg/L coagulant dose). Highest turbidity removals (>90%) with both coagulants were achieved at the tested coagulant and AAS doses of 10 mg/L and 4 mg/L respectively. CSMR reductions in the presence of AAS were also attributable to sulfate contribution from sulfuric acid. Bench-scale simulation of a high-rate sand-ballasted clarification process on Grand River water showed comparable removal efficiencies for turbidity (80 – 90% at 10 mg/L), and DOC (30 – 40% at 50 mg/L). Finally, six different coagulants were tested on the two source waters for potential applicability in CSMR adjustment in the context of lead corrosion. The two chloride-containing coagulants polyaluminum chloride and aluminum chlorohydrate increased CSMR in proportion to the coagulant dose added, as would be expected. Average chloride contribution per 10 mg/L coagulant dose was 2.7 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L for polyaluminum chloride and aluminum chlorohydrate, respectively. Sulfate-contributing coagulants aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate, pre-hydroxylated aluminum sulfate, and polyaluminum silicate sulfate reduced CSMR as coagulant dose increased, also as would be expected. The highest sulfate contributors per 10 mg/L dose were pre-hydroxylated aluminum sulfate (6.2 mg/L) and ferric sulfate (6.0 mg/L). The lowest CSMR achieved was 0.6 in Lake Ontario water at a 30 mg/L dose and 0.8 in Grand River water at a 60 mg/L dose. Highest DOC removals were achieved with the chloride-containing coagulants in both waters (35 – 50%) with aluminum chlorohydrate showing superiority in that respect. DOC removals with sulfate-containing coagulants were less, generally in the range of 22 – 41%. Specificity of critical CSMR values to source water needs to be investigated. Additionally, long term effects of sustained high or low CSMR values in distribution systems need to be further looked into. Finally, the effect of interventions to alter CSMR on other water quality parameters influencing lead corrosion such as pH and alkalinity still represent a research deficit.

„Lessing und der Islam“ beschäftigt sich unparteiisch mit Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam. Die Arbeit setzt sich das Ziel, den Leser und den Literaturkennern sowie der deutschen Bibliothek der Germanistik etwas von Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam in die Hand zu geben, die bis heute als großes Modell für die interkulturelle und interreligiöse Menschheitstoleranzdebatte im Gedächtnis der deutschen Literatur vorhanden ist. Im ersten Teil widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit den historisch-traditionellen literarischen Hintergründen und Vorkenntnissen Lessings zur islamischen Kultur, und deren Wirkung auf die deutsche Aufklärung im 18. Jahrhundert. In den nächsten Teilen (2-6) beschäftigt sich die Arbeit mit dem Islam in Lessings Werk und den historischen Texten von Voltaire und Marin. Sie konzentriert sich z. B. auf die dramatischen Schaffen und philosophisch-theologischen Schriften dieses deutschen Aufklärers über den Islam wie „Rettung des Hieronymus Cardanus“(1754), „Fatime“- Trauerspiel (1759) und „Nathan der Weise“ (1759) usw. Am Ende wird das Treffen der Religionsvertreter von - Judentum, Christentum und Islam - in „Nathan“ mit der erforderlichen, interkulturellen und interreligiösen Toleranzdebatte als aktuelle Weltfrage verbunden, die als Resultat für diese wissenschafts-literarische Darstellung von Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam betrachtet werden kann. / „Lessing and Islam“ deals impartially with Lessings discussion with Islam. The work aims to itself to give the reader and the literature experts as well as the German library of the German studies to somewhat of Lessings discussion with Islam in the hand which exists till this day as a big model for the intercultural and interreligious human tolerance debate in memory of the German literature. In the first part the present work devotes itself to the historical-traditional literary backgrounds and foreknowledge Lessings to the Islamic culture, and their effect on the German clarification in the 18th century. In the next parts (2-6) the work deals with Islam in Lessings to work and the historical texts of Voltaire and Marine. She concentrates, e.g., upon the dramatic creating and philosophical-theological writings of this German reconnaissance plane about Islam like „Rescue Hieronymus Cardanus“(1754), "Fatime" (1759) and „Nathan of the manner“ (1779) etc. At the end is connected the meeting of the religious representatives from - Judaism, Christianity and Islam - in "Nathan" with the necessary, intercultural and interreligious tolerance debate as a topical world question which can be looked as a result for this science-literary representation of Lessings discussion with Islam.