Aims and objectives: The general aim of this study was to determine the personal respiratory exposure and biological monitoring of manganese (Mn) present in welding fumes as well as its neurological influence on welders. The objectives of this study were: (i) to assess the respiratory exposure of welders to Mn present in welding fumes; (ii) to assess the biological Mn load of welders via the use of nail clippings; (iii) to establish possible correlations between respiratory exposure to Mn and its presence in nail clippings, and (iv) to determine the possible difference in finger dexterity and coordination between Mn exposed welders and a control group. Methods: A gravimetrical method was used to determine the respiratory exposure of welders. A cassette containing a 0.8-μm, cellulose ester membrane filter, attached to the side of a welding helmet provided, was connected via a stainless steel fitting to the inside (respiratory zone) of the helmet. Chemical analysis (metal content) of the welding fumes was done according to the NIOSH 7300 method, using Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Nail clippings were collected at the beginning and end of the study to determine the Mn level in the nails in both welders as well as paired controls. The nails were deposited into small, plastic vials and also analysed according to the NIOSH 7300 method. A Perdue pegboard and mirror drawing test was also conducted to determine the influence of Mn exposure on finger dexterity and hand-eye coordination of welders. Results: Mn exposure in the welding fumes did not exceed the occupational exposure limit – recommended limit (OEL-RL) (1 mg/m3) of the Regulations for Hazardous Chemical Substances (RHCS), although two of these exposures exceeded the action level (0.5 mg/m3). No statistical significant correlations were found between the Mn respiratory exposure and the Mn found in the nails of the welders. Mn in the nails of exposed welders was statistical significantly higher (p = 0.003) than that of controls. The only statistical significant differences found in the motor function tests between the controls and welders were the test which was done by using their non-dominant hand in the beginning of the study (p = 0.016) and when the non-dominant hand values were pooled (p = 0.012). The usage of both hands simultaneously showed results that leaned toward statistical significant decrease of the welders compared to the control subjects (p = 0.090). In all these cases the controls inserted more pins than the welders. Only one moderately positive correlation (r = 0.612; p = 0.02) was found between Mn in the welding fumes and the number of errors made in the mirror drawing coordination test done by the welders. Discussion and Conclusions: The Mn in the nails of the control group was significantly lower than the Mn in the nails of the welders. This indicates that Mn respiratory exposure may influence Mn body burden although no correlation between Mn in welding fumes and Mn in nails were found. Nail Mn may serve as a biomarker to determine Mn body burden. Only the use of the non-dominant hand of the control subjects compared to the welders showed a significant decrease in finger dexterity of the welders. The moderately positive association between the Mn in the welding fumes and the number of errors made in the mirror drawing coordination test done by the welders indicates that with an increase in Mn in welding fumes, a decrease in hand-eye coordination will occur. It can be concluded that welders’ finger dexterity and hand-eye coordination may be influenced by the exposure to Mn in the welding fumes. / Thesis (MSc (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Aims and objectives: The general aim of this study was to determine the personal respiratory exposure and biological monitoring of manganese (Mn) present in welding fumes as well as its neurological influence on welders. The objectives of this study were: (i) to assess the respiratory exposure of welders to Mn present in welding fumes; (ii) to assess the biological Mn load of welders via the use of nail clippings; (iii) to establish possible correlations between respiratory exposure to Mn and its presence in nail clippings, and (iv) to determine the possible difference in finger dexterity and coordination between Mn exposed welders and a control group. Methods: A gravimetrical method was used to determine the respiratory exposure of welders. A cassette containing a 0.8-μm, cellulose ester membrane filter, attached to the side of a welding helmet provided, was connected via a stainless steel fitting to the inside (respiratory zone) of the helmet. Chemical analysis (metal content) of the welding fumes was done according to the NIOSH 7300 method, using Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Nail clippings were collected at the beginning and end of the study to determine the Mn level in the nails in both welders as well as paired controls. The nails were deposited into small, plastic vials and also analysed according to the NIOSH 7300 method. A Perdue pegboard and mirror drawing test was also conducted to determine the influence of Mn exposure on finger dexterity and hand-eye coordination of welders. Results: Mn exposure in the welding fumes did not exceed the occupational exposure limit – recommended limit (OEL-RL) (1 mg/m3) of the Regulations for Hazardous Chemical Substances (RHCS), although two of these exposures exceeded the action level (0.5 mg/m3). No statistical significant correlations were found between the Mn respiratory exposure and the Mn found in the nails of the welders. Mn in the nails of exposed welders was statistical significantly higher (p = 0.003) than that of controls. The only statistical significant differences found in the motor function tests between the controls and welders were the test which was done by using their non-dominant hand in the beginning of the study (p = 0.016) and when the non-dominant hand values were pooled (p = 0.012). The usage of both hands simultaneously showed results that leaned toward statistical significant decrease of the welders compared to the control subjects (p = 0.090). In all these cases the controls inserted more pins than the welders. Only one moderately positive correlation (r = 0.612; p = 0.02) was found between Mn in the welding fumes and the number of errors made in the mirror drawing coordination test done by the welders. Discussion and Conclusions: The Mn in the nails of the control group was significantly lower than the Mn in the nails of the welders. This indicates that Mn respiratory exposure may influence Mn body burden although no correlation between Mn in welding fumes and Mn in nails were found. Nail Mn may serve as a biomarker to determine Mn body burden. Only the use of the non-dominant hand of the control subjects compared to the welders showed a significant decrease in finger dexterity of the welders. The moderately positive association between the Mn in the welding fumes and the number of errors made in the mirror drawing coordination test done by the welders indicates that with an increase in Mn in welding fumes, a decrease in hand-eye coordination will occur. It can be concluded that welders’ finger dexterity and hand-eye coordination may be influenced by the exposure to Mn in the welding fumes. / Thesis (MSc (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Thesis presented for graduation--Library school of the New York Public Library. 1916.

Thesis presented for graduation--Library school of the New York Public Library. 1916.

2 pp. / Describes how to select the appropriate lawn mower to properly mow the species of grass at the correct height for high, medium, or low maintenance levels.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6003.pdf: 1982961 bytes, checksum: b1cdb60fd2563c64267195ec9d31f2d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The theme of this study is the indexing policy for Coordination of Social Communication (CCSs) in university environments, focusing on indexing clippings. This theme is based on interdisciplinary characterization existing between Science, Technology and Society (STS), Information Science (CI) and Communication Sciences (CC) fields in the context of the area of Knowledge Organization to combine, share and create mechanisms that society closer to the aspects of science and technology. Regarding Social Communication highlights the use of clippings, many organizations and this instrument is appropriating to select news in various media on subjects that interest them. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the organizational and communicational reality CCS/UFSCar, as a starting point for further studies in order lifting guidelines for establishing a policy of indexing for CCSs from context and Analysis Representation of Information. With this proposition, this research has the objective to contribute to the establishment of a policy index that optimizes the thematic treatment of clippings from the perspective of CCSs in university environments in the context of social cognitive indexer professional clippings and users who retrieve this product informational, from theoretical and methodological foundations provided by the area of Knowledge Organization. The qualitative method was used for theoretical and applied research with socio-cognitive approach, and gave up from the questionnaires and the application of Verbal Protocol Group. The methods used were: application of technical and organizational questionnaires and using the technique of Verbal Protocol Group, involving participants: directors/responsible CCSs ANDIFES linked to the brazilian federal universities; director and indexer CCS/UFSCar as well as users who clippings recover the system used by the unit. The results obtained from the questionnaires was the technical-organizational and socio-historical characterization of CCSs from brazilian federal universities and CCS/UFSCar. Mention some results obtained from the application of Verbal Protocol Group in the form: there is a concern with the procedures used to perform the indexing, there is not a satisfactory representation of the matters contained in the indexed clippings; participants suggest that the retrieved records arranged and are also available by publication type, the recognition by participants in relation to the function of preservation and institutional memory that performs clipping, and no need for a policy of indexing and his record in a manual indexing for CCS/UFSCar. The final consideration from the results obtained that depict the existing interdisciplinary STS, CI and CC fields enables collaboration scenario of theories, methodologies and practices for establishing a policy that involves the entire process of thematic information processing and, consequently, quality in both storage and retrieval of. / A temática deste estudo é a política de indexação para Coordenadorias de Comunicação Social (CCSs) em ambientes universitários, com foco na indexação de clippings. Este tema fundamenta-se na caracterização interdisciplinar existente entre os campos Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), Ciência da Informação (CI) e Ciências da Comunicação (CC) no contexto da área da Organização do Conhecimento ao combinar, compartilhar e criar mecanismos que aproximem a sociedade aos aspectos ligados à ciência e a tecnologia. No campo da Comunicação Social destaca-se a utilização dos clippings, instrumento este que muitas organizações se apropriam para selecionar notícias em diversos meios de comunicação sobre assuntos que as interessam. Para tanto, a proposta desta pesquisa é investigar a realidade organizacional e comunicacional CCS/UFSCar, como ponto de partida para estudos posteriores, tendo em vista o levantamento de diretrizes para o estabelecimento de uma política de indexação para CCSs a partir do contexto da Análise e Representação da Informação. Com essa proposição, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo geral contribuir para o estabelecimento de uma política de indexação que otimize o tratamento temático de clippings, na perspectiva das CCSs em ambientes universitários, no contexto sociocognitivo do profissional indexador de clippings e dos usuários que recuperam este produto informacional, a partir de fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos disponibilizados pela área da Organização do Conhecimento. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa para a pesquisa teórico-aplicada, com abordagem sociocognitiva, e deu-se a partir da aplicação de questionários e da aplicação de Protocolo Verbal em Grupo. As metodologias utilizadas foram: aplicação de questionários técnico-organizacionais e utilização da técnica do Protocolo Verbal em Grupo, envolvendo os participantes: diretores/responsáveis pelas CCSs das universidades federais brasileiras vinculadas à ANDIFES; diretor e indexador da CCS/UFSCar, bem como usuários que recuperam clippings no sistema utilizado pela unidade. O resultado obtido a partir da aplicação dos questionários foi a caracterização técnica-organizacional e sócio-histórica das CCSs das universidades federais brasileiras e da CCS/UFSCar. Citam-se alguns resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação do Protocolo Verbal na modalidade em Grupo: há a preocupação com os procedimentos adotados para a realização da indexação; não há uma representação satisfatória dos assuntos contidos nos clippings indexados; os participantes sugerem que os registros recuperados sejam arranjados e disponibilizados também por tipo de publicação; o reconhecimento por parte dos participantes em relação à função de preservação e memória institucional que o clipping exerce; inexistência e a necessidade de uma política de indexação e seu registro em um manual de indexação para a CCS/UFSCar. As considerações finais a partir dos resultados obtidos retratam que a interdisciplinaridade existente entre os campos CTS, CI e CC permite um cenário de colaboração de teorias, metodologias e práticas para o estabelecimento de uma política que envolva todo o processo do tratamento temático da informação e, consequentemente, qualidade tanto no armazenamento como na recuperação de documentos.

Geralmente considerados material de segunda classe, os chamados recortes de jornal têm sido frequentemente marginalizados no plano do tratamento documental. Entretanto, sua presença nos arquivos, não raro formando conjuntos volumosos, é inegável e impõe desafios e dilemas aos arquivistas e profissionais que se dedicam a organizá-los e descrevê-los. Neste sentido, um dos problemas mais sensíveis tem sido o reconhecimento das espécies e tipos documentais resultantes da atividade jornalística, geralmente denominadas, nos instrumentos de pesquisa, de forma genérica e inadequada. Alinhando conceitos e noções da arquivística, da diplomática, das ciências da comunicação e da linguagem, procuramos identificar as espécies documentais usualmente encontradas sob a forma de recortes nos arquivos, definindo-as em glossário. Procuramos, ainda, reconhecer a condição arquivística e o caráter instrumental dos recortes de jornal, examinando, a partir de exemplos observados em arquivos pessoais, a lógica de sua acumulação como reflexo de uma prática social cujas origens remetem a uma tradição muito mais antiga do que se supõe. / Usually considered as second-class material, the so-called newspaper clippings have been marginalized at the level of archival processing. However, their existence in the archives is unquestionable and challenges archivists and other professionals who organize and describe them. In this sense, one of the most sensitive problems has been the identification of the forms resulting from journalistic processes, usually named in generic and inadequate ways in archival finding aids. By aligning concepts and notions from the fields of Archival Science, Diplomatics, Communication, and Language, this study aims to detect the forms usually named generically as clippings and to define them in a glossary. It also seeks to reaffirm the archival condition and the instrumental character of newspaper clippings, considering the accumulation of such material as the reflection of a social practice rooted in an ancient tradition.

The newspaper collections at the National Library of South Africa include press clippings collections of the period 1919 to 1996, when clippings were replaced by electronic full-text searching. These clippings collections are a record of information extracted from the Cape Times and Cape Argus and, more selectively, from other contemporary newspapers such as Die Burger. The collection includes biographies, court proceedings and sports reports, and comprises about 100 000 files. Other personal clippings collections have been added to the main collection, notably those of Miss K M Jeffreys (1900-1970) and A A Fullalove (1875-1960). Other clipping collections in South Africa were compiled by INEG (University of the Free State), which is now continued by SABINET in digital form. The purpose of the paper is to research the role of clipping services as monitors of social and political change in South Africa in the 20th century.