O uso e abuso de drogas constituem fenômeno complexo com conseqüências adversas na saúde individual, familiar e na comunidade. A literatura científica ressalta que, para cada alcoolista, existe uma família disfuncional e, pelos menos, uma mulher com problemas físicos e psicológicos relacionados com o adicto. O objetivo do estudo foi explorar o mundo da vida de mulheres, de uma comunidade suburbana no Estado de Querétaro, México, cujos companheiros são dependentes de álcool. Foi realizado estudo qualitativo à luz da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada temática e de observação participante e a análise dos dados seguiram os pressupostos do método da hermenêutica dialética. Foram entrevistadas 14 mulheres. Os resultados são apresentados considerando os três âmbitos do mundo da vida. Mundo social: o consumo de álcool é identificado como um comportamento não desejado, porém, esperado entre os homens e, atualmente, inclui jovens do sexo feminino, e é visto como um ato normal já que todo mundo faz. Mundo subjetivo: identificaram-se estados de ânimo negativos como depressão, baixa autoestima, culpa e medo, o que as leva a se sentirem como objetos. Mundo objetivo: identificou-se violência intrafamiliar, comportamentos de controle por parte dos companheiros, sintomas de doença física e mental, tanto no companheiro quanto nas participantes, e justificam a sua permanência com o companheiro porque devem ser um exemplo para os filhos apesar do dano físico e da dor. Na interação dos mundos ressaltam: a percepção da falta de redes de apoio institucionais para enfrentarem o alcoolismo do companheiro, criar os filhos visto como uma expectativa para o futuro e é sentido como um logro pessoal, jurar como uma ação do companheiro que lhes permita manter um controle relativo do consumo e, sob essa perspectiva, com melhor qualidade de vida, embora, também, seja utilizado como argumento para pedir perdão depois de uma ação violenta e, não se deixar, no momento que algumas delas conseguiram estabelecer limites ao marido. Considerações finais: a introjeção de padrões e normas sociais e culturais, em relação ao tema do álcool, não permite que as mulheres o visualizem como um problema, entretanto, essas normas atuam como mecanismos de proteção quando assumem o papel de mãe e esposa. É importante ressaltar a manifestação de ciúmes dos companheiros que, pelo consumo crônico de álcool, pode estar associada à paranóia alcoólica e, portanto, necessitam atenção. Finalmente, as mulheres transferem o tema de consumo de álcool do companheiro ao uso de álcool e drogas dos filhos. De acordo com Habermas, a situação torna-se relevante para elas e seria o momento de intervir para modificar padrões de comportamento a médio e longo prazo. Portanto, o reconhecimento dessa visão, sobre o tema do álcool e a compreensão dos sentidos que conferem ao seu mundo da vida, é ponto de partida básico para elaborar propostas de participação comunitária para o controle do alcoolismo. / Drugs use and abuse constitutes a complex phenomenon with adverse consequences for individual, family and community health. Scientific literature highlights that, for every alcoholic, there is a dysfunctional family or at least a wife with physical or psychological problems related to her life with the addict. This research aimed to explore the life world of women living with an alcoholic partner in a suburban community located in the State of Querétaro, Mexico. A qualitative study was carried out in the light of J. Habermas\' Theory of Communicative Action. Thematic semistructured interview and participant observation were used for data collection. Data analysis was based on the premises of the dialectical hermeneutical method. Fourteen women were interviewed and the results are presented for each of the three spheres in the life world. Social world: alcohol consumption is an unwanted but expected behavior among men and has no been integrated among young women. It is seen as normal because everybody does it. Subjective world: negative mood states were identified, such as depression, low self-esteem, guilt and fear, which makes them feel like objects. Objective world: intra-family violence was identified, as well as control behaviors by the husband and symptoms of physical and mental disease in both partners. They justify that they maintain the relationship because they need to be an example for their children despite the physical harm and pain. The following stands out in the interaction among the worlds: the perception of a lack of institutional support networks to face their partner\'s alcoholism; keep their children going as an expectation for the future and with a sense of personal success; swearing as an action by their husband that keeps his consumption under relative control and, from the women\'s perspective, maintains a better quality of life, although it is also used as an argument to apologize after a violent action: and not let themselves go, when some of them managed to set limits on their husband. Final considerations: The introjection of social and cultural patterns and standards with respect to alcohol does not allow them to consider it as a problem. However, these same standards have served as protection mechanisms in women, when they assume the roles of mother and wife. It should be mentioned that, due to the chronic alcohol consumption conditions, their husband\'s jealousy can be associated with alcohol paranoia and, therefore, demand care. On the other hand, the women transfer the theme of their husband\'s alcohol use to alcohol and drugs use in their children, which is why, according to Habermas, at this moment, the situation becomes relevant to them and this would be the right time for interventions, in the attempt to modify some behavioral patterns in the medium and long term. Finally, the acknowledgement of this other view on the theme of alcohol and the understanding of the meanings they attribute to their life world is a basic starting point to elaborate Community participation proposals with a view to controlling alcoholism.

O uso e abuso de drogas constituem fenômeno complexo com conseqüências adversas na saúde individual, familiar e na comunidade. A literatura científica ressalta que, para cada alcoolista, existe uma família disfuncional e, pelos menos, uma mulher com problemas físicos e psicológicos relacionados com o adicto. O objetivo do estudo foi explorar o mundo da vida de mulheres, de uma comunidade suburbana no Estado de Querétaro, México, cujos companheiros são dependentes de álcool. Foi realizado estudo qualitativo à luz da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada temática e de observação participante e a análise dos dados seguiram os pressupostos do método da hermenêutica dialética. Foram entrevistadas 14 mulheres. Os resultados são apresentados considerando os três âmbitos do mundo da vida. Mundo social: o consumo de álcool é identificado como um comportamento não desejado, porém, esperado entre os homens e, atualmente, inclui jovens do sexo feminino, e é visto como um ato normal já que todo mundo faz. Mundo subjetivo: identificaram-se estados de ânimo negativos como depressão, baixa autoestima, culpa e medo, o que as leva a se sentirem como objetos. Mundo objetivo: identificou-se violência intrafamiliar, comportamentos de controle por parte dos companheiros, sintomas de doença física e mental, tanto no companheiro quanto nas participantes, e justificam a sua permanência com o companheiro porque devem ser um exemplo para os filhos apesar do dano físico e da dor. Na interação dos mundos ressaltam: a percepção da falta de redes de apoio institucionais para enfrentarem o alcoolismo do companheiro, criar os filhos visto como uma expectativa para o futuro e é sentido como um logro pessoal, jurar como uma ação do companheiro que lhes permita manter um controle relativo do consumo e, sob essa perspectiva, com melhor qualidade de vida, embora, também, seja utilizado como argumento para pedir perdão depois de uma ação violenta e, não se deixar, no momento que algumas delas conseguiram estabelecer limites ao marido. Considerações finais: a introjeção de padrões e normas sociais e culturais, em relação ao tema do álcool, não permite que as mulheres o visualizem como um problema, entretanto, essas normas atuam como mecanismos de proteção quando assumem o papel de mãe e esposa. É importante ressaltar a manifestação de ciúmes dos companheiros que, pelo consumo crônico de álcool, pode estar associada à paranóia alcoólica e, portanto, necessitam atenção. Finalmente, as mulheres transferem o tema de consumo de álcool do companheiro ao uso de álcool e drogas dos filhos. De acordo com Habermas, a situação torna-se relevante para elas e seria o momento de intervir para modificar padrões de comportamento a médio e longo prazo. Portanto, o reconhecimento dessa visão, sobre o tema do álcool e a compreensão dos sentidos que conferem ao seu mundo da vida, é ponto de partida básico para elaborar propostas de participação comunitária para o controle do alcoolismo. / Drugs use and abuse constitutes a complex phenomenon with adverse consequences for individual, family and community health. Scientific literature highlights that, for every alcoholic, there is a dysfunctional family or at least a wife with physical or psychological problems related to her life with the addict. This research aimed to explore the life world of women living with an alcoholic partner in a suburban community located in the State of Querétaro, Mexico. A qualitative study was carried out in the light of J. Habermas\' Theory of Communicative Action. Thematic semistructured interview and participant observation were used for data collection. Data analysis was based on the premises of the dialectical hermeneutical method. Fourteen women were interviewed and the results are presented for each of the three spheres in the life world. Social world: alcohol consumption is an unwanted but expected behavior among men and has no been integrated among young women. It is seen as normal because everybody does it. Subjective world: negative mood states were identified, such as depression, low self-esteem, guilt and fear, which makes them feel like objects. Objective world: intra-family violence was identified, as well as control behaviors by the husband and symptoms of physical and mental disease in both partners. They justify that they maintain the relationship because they need to be an example for their children despite the physical harm and pain. The following stands out in the interaction among the worlds: the perception of a lack of institutional support networks to face their partner\'s alcoholism; keep their children going as an expectation for the future and with a sense of personal success; swearing as an action by their husband that keeps his consumption under relative control and, from the women\'s perspective, maintains a better quality of life, although it is also used as an argument to apologize after a violent action: and not let themselves go, when some of them managed to set limits on their husband. Final considerations: The introjection of social and cultural patterns and standards with respect to alcohol does not allow them to consider it as a problem. However, these same standards have served as protection mechanisms in women, when they assume the roles of mother and wife. It should be mentioned that, due to the chronic alcohol consumption conditions, their husband\'s jealousy can be associated with alcohol paranoia and, therefore, demand care. On the other hand, the women transfer the theme of their husband\'s alcohol use to alcohol and drugs use in their children, which is why, according to Habermas, at this moment, the situation becomes relevant to them and this would be the right time for interventions, in the attempt to modify some behavioral patterns in the medium and long term. Finally, the acknowledgement of this other view on the theme of alcohol and the understanding of the meanings they attribute to their life world is a basic starting point to elaborate Community participation proposals with a view to controlling alcoholism.

Denna studie är en litteraturstudie med syfte att undersöka hur anhöriga som lever eller har levt i samma hushåll som en person med alkohol- eller drogmissbruk påverkas och på så vis få en djupare förståelse för ämnet. Studien är baserad på fem självbiografier från kvinnor som antingen under sin uppväxt levt med missbruk i hemmet eller i vuxen ålder levt i ett partnerskap med missbruk. Tillsammans med tidigare forskning presenteras fem kategorier som är grunden för de problem som uppstått till följd av missbruket. Dessa kategorier är negativa känslor och oro, bearbetning av missbrukets påverkan, otillräckligt stöd från andra, negativ påverkan av relationen samt fysiskt och psykiskt våld. Resultatet av studien visar att personer som lever eller har levt i samma hushåll som en person med alkohol- eller drogmissbruk på flertalet sätt påverkats av missbruket. / This research is a literature study where the purpose are to investigate how relatives who live or have lived in the same household as a person with alcohol or drug abuse are affected and gain a deeper understanding of the subject. The study is based on five autobiographies from women who either during their upbringing lived with substance abuse at home or in adulthood lived in a partnership with substance abuse. Together with previous research presents five categories that are the basis for problems that rises the result of addiction. These categories are negative emotions and worries, processing of the effects of addiction, insufficient support from others, negative effects of the relationship and physical and psychological violence. The results of the study show that people who live or have lived in the same household as a person with alcohol or drug abuse are in most ways affected by the addiction.

<p>We have studied the effects that blogs have on the society through interviews with influential bloggers, a news director and the founder of Sweden’s largest blogprovider.</p><p>Existing theoretical work by other researchers have been used as a starting point to our thesis. Via a deductive method we then proceeded to test these existing models and viewpoints on the reality.</p><p>Through our research we have concluded that blogs, if they co-operate, have an agenda-setting function, and that they can affect newspapers to write about certain topics.</p><p>We have also discussed blogs role as media watch dogs. Gunilla Sax, news director, questions the blog world’s ability to fully cover all media, and to deliver a systematic and just review of the media. Through her reasoning we have come to think that it is vital the blog society continues to evolve and mature, and we suggest that there might be a need for some sort of interest organization to coordinate the highly decentralized blog community.</p><p>Blogs can either be seen as a complement to the news-industry, or as an alternative. Respondents reflect about several differences amongst newspapers and blogs, mainly regarding the methods of work. However, they also confirm what, for example, Bruns (2008) and Våge et al. (2005) writes about the co-dependence that exists between regular newsmedia and the blog community.</p>

We have studied the effects that blogs have on the society through interviews with influential bloggers, a news director and the founder of Sweden’s largest blogprovider. Existing theoretical work by other researchers have been used as a starting point to our thesis. Via a deductive method we then proceeded to test these existing models and viewpoints on the reality. Through our research we have concluded that blogs, if they co-operate, have an agenda-setting function, and that they can affect newspapers to write about certain topics. We have also discussed blogs role as media watch dogs. Gunilla Sax, news director, questions the blog world’s ability to fully cover all media, and to deliver a systematic and just review of the media. Through her reasoning we have come to think that it is vital the blog society continues to evolve and mature, and we suggest that there might be a need for some sort of interest organization to coordinate the highly decentralized blog community. Blogs can either be seen as a complement to the news-industry, or as an alternative. Respondents reflect about several differences amongst newspapers and blogs, mainly regarding the methods of work. However, they also confirm what, for example, Bruns (2008) and Våge et al. (2005) writes about the co-dependence that exists between regular newsmedia and the blog community.

Introduction: Being a relative of a person with an addiction disease involves a strong mental and physical stress. An important protection factor for the relatives is breaking the silence and shame and seek help. Ersta Vändpunkten is a clinic for these relatives and offers educational groups with a therapeutic objective. This study focuses on program for parents/relatives to children in the so-called little child group (4-6 years). Focus in the program is to support the parents in how they can help the child to understand what is happening in the family and how to take the child’s perspective. The aim of the study is to share the parent’s experiences of participating in this group. Questions: How has participation in the parenting program affected parenting ability? How has participation in the parent group affected the family? Methods: This is a web-based survey, the questionnaire has been analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: 30 parents/relatives have been asked to participate of whom 17 responded (57%). The survey reveals that the parent/relative now has an improved relationship with the child and that communication in the family has changed for the better. Other relationships, to relatives, friends and to the addictive part have not changed noticeably. All respondents feel the child’s and their own self-esteem have become much better/better after participating. There is also a consensus among respondents that their ability to set boundaries towards the addicted part has become much better/better. Discussion: While the high non-response rate endangers firm conclusions, the findings are nevertheless promising.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka mäns erfarenheter och upplevelser av att växa upp med en missbrukande förälder som har ett substans- eller spelmissbruk. I denna kvalitativa uppsats har fyra självbiografier analyserats genom tematisk analys. Resultatet för uppsatsen påvisar att männen som barn tog en föräldraroll på olika sätt i sina respektive familjer. Vidare visar resultatet att männen som barn hittade olika sätt för att få en paus från sin vardag. Det som även var gemensamt för barnen var att de hade sina missbrukande föräldrar i fokus, vilket i sin tur ledde till att deras egna känslor och behov hamnade i skymundan. Resultatet av uppsatsen påvisade även att det uppstod konsekvenser för dem som barn när de växte upp med en missbrukande förälder. Dessa följder omfattade både emotionella och praktiska aspekter. / The purpose of this study was to examine men´s experiences of growing up with an addicted parent who is a substance or gamble addict. In this qualitative study, four autobiographies were analysed by thematic analysis. The results show that the men as children was given a parental role in their families because of the circumstances with an addicted parent. Further, the results show that the men as children found different strategies to get a pause from their daily life. The children always had their addicted parent in focus which led to their own feelings and needs being shaded. The results in this study also demonstrated that growing up with an addicted parent led to emotional and practical consequences.

German text / Die Alkoholabhängigkeit ist die am stärksten verbreitete Abhängigkeitserkrankung in Deutschland. Unbekannt ist die Zahl der betroffenen Angehörigen. Nach Erarbeitung not-wendiger theoretischer Grundlagen und Vorstellung aktueller Forschungsergebnisse stan-den narrative Interviews mit Frauen von alkoholabhängigen Partnern im Mittelpunkt der Forschungsarbeit. Durch Datenanalyse und Dateninterpretation mit Methoden der rekon-struktiven Sozialforschung wurde ein tieferes Verständnis für die Lebensgeschichte der beiden ausgewählten Biografinnen gewonnen. Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren konnten diffe-renziert erfasst und resilienzfördernde Maßnahmen für Seelsorge und Beratung abgeleitet werden. Besondere Beachtung fand die Bedeutung des christlichen Glaubens als Resilienz-faktor. Weitere Beobachtungen durch Einbeziehung aller Interviews als Datenmaterial wurden als Hilfen für das Verständnis der Gesamtproblematik ausgewertet. Aus der Dis-kussion der Ergebnisse ergaben sich Handlungsempfehlungen für die christliche Gemeinde und richtungsweisende Impulse für Seelsorge und Beratung. Schlüsselbegriffe: / Alcohol dependence is the most widespread addictive disease in Germany, the number of affected relatives unkown. After acquiring theoretical foundations and current research results, my research focused on narrative interviews with wives of alcohol dependent part-ners. By the use of reconstructive social research methods, data analysis and interpretation a deeper understanding of the life history of the two selected biographers was obtained. After detecting risk and protective factors, resilience promoting factors for pastoral care and counselling could be derived. Special attention was paid to the importance of Christian faith. For an understanding of the overall problem, all interviews were included as data material and evaluated. From the discussion of the results, recommendations for the Chris-tian Church and impulses giving direction for pastoral care and counselling were derived. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)

German text / Die Alkoholabhängigkeit ist die am stärksten verbreitete Abhängigkeitserkrankung in Deutschland. Unbekannt ist die Zahl der betroffenen Angehörigen. Nach Erarbeitung not-wendiger theoretischer Grundlagen und Vorstellung aktueller Forschungsergebnisse stan-den narrative Interviews mit Frauen von alkoholabhängigen Partnern im Mittelpunkt der Forschungsarbeit. Durch Datenanalyse und Dateninterpretation mit Methoden der rekon-struktiven Sozialforschung wurde ein tieferes Verständnis für die Lebensgeschichte der beiden ausgewählten Biografinnen gewonnen. Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren konnten diffe-renziert erfasst und resilienzfördernde Maßnahmen für Seelsorge und Beratung abgeleitet werden. Besondere Beachtung fand die Bedeutung des christlichen Glaubens als Resilienz-faktor. Weitere Beobachtungen durch Einbeziehung aller Interviews als Datenmaterial wurden als Hilfen für das Verständnis der Gesamtproblematik ausgewertet. Aus der Dis-kussion der Ergebnisse ergaben sich Handlungsempfehlungen für die christliche Gemeinde und richtungsweisende Impulse für Seelsorge und Beratung. Schlüsselbegriffe: / Alcohol dependence is the most widespread addictive disease in Germany, the number of affected relatives unkown. After acquiring theoretical foundations and current research results, my research focused on narrative interviews with wives of alcohol dependent part-ners. By the use of reconstructive social research methods, data analysis and interpretation a deeper understanding of the life history of the two selected biographers was obtained. After detecting risk and protective factors, resilience promoting factors for pastoral care and counselling could be derived. Special attention was paid to the importance of Christian faith. For an understanding of the overall problem, all interviews were included as data material and evaluated. From the discussion of the results, recommendations for the Chris-tian Church and impulses giving direction for pastoral care and counselling were derived. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)