"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en Droit (LL.D.) et à la Faculté de Droit et de Sciences Politiques de l'Université de Nantes en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur" / From its inception, intermodal transport of goods has served trade, shippers and carriers, radically increasing transactions of goods worldwide. Multimodal carrier liability rules, however, have not evolved with the same rhythm and remain fragmented cross-modally and cross-country. This is also the case of the U.S. and Canada. The need to seek uniformity of applicable rules in these two countries led us to the comparative analysis of unimodal (landocean) rules in these two countries. Guided by past failed initiatives (1980 United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport), the European intermodal reality, transport deregulation, pragmatism, fairness in the relation between the carrier and the shipper and Law & Economics principles, we used harmonization, codification and contractualism in advancing our suggestions on uniform multimodal carrier liability rules. / Dès sa naissance, Ie transport intermodal a servi le commerce, les chargeurs et les transporteurs, augmentant de façon importante le transport des marchandises au niveau mondial. Pourtant, les règles de responsabilité du transporteur multimodal n'ont pas evolué au meme rythme et restent fragmentées à travers les modes et les pays. C'est aussi Ie cas des États-Unis et du Canada. Le besoin de chercher l'uniformité des règles applicables nous a conduit à l'étude comparée des règles unimodales (terrestres-maritimes) dans ces deux pays. Guidés par l'échec des initiatives passées (Convention de Nations Unies sur Ie Transport Multimodal International des Marchandises, 1980), la réalité intermodale europeenne, la déréglementation du transport, Ie pragmatisme, la justice dans Ie rapport entre le transporteur et le chargeur et l'analyse économique de droit, nous avons utilisé l'harmonisation, la codification et le contractualisme en vue d'avancer nos suggestions sur des règles de responsabilité uniformes du transporteur multimodal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivien Racy.pdf: 303119 bytes, checksum: 118fb0caed3d3f5f87d4e9b77b33c71a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-18 / This study was accomplished from the need of definition of the objective good faith principle when introduced in the positive legal order of Brazilian Civil Law. It sought to reconcile the figure of principles with the general clauses in order to endow the institute of direct and practical effectiveness under contracts. Highlighted in this sense the ethical-legal foundation of good faith and the principle of trust in which is based any and all applications of the general clause of good faith. This way, in face of historical evolution of codification and interpretation of contracts it was possible to transit through the legal system in which is the good faith and understands it according to this system and to others principles that surround the good faith and finally to point its major features and forms of manifestation under different angles. The conclusion after the analysis of relevant literature and necessary reflection was that the theme as developed will help the comprehension of the general clause of good faith, its implications and consequences for the negotiating activities / Este estudo foi realizado partindo da necessidade de definição do princípio da boa-fé objetiva quando introduzido no ordenamento jurídico positivo do Direito Civil brasileiro. Buscou-se conciliar a figura do princípio com a da cláusula geral a fim de dotar o instituto de eficácia prática e direta no âmbito contratual. Destacam-se, neste sentido, os fundamentos ético-jurídicos da boa-fé objetiva e o princípio da confiança no qual se baseia toda e qualquer aplicação da cláusula geral da boa-fé. Assim, diante da evolução histórica da codificação e da interpretação dos contratos, foi possível transitar pelo sistema jurídico no qual se insere a boafé objetiva, compreendê-la de acordo com o respectivo sistema e com os demais princípios que a rodeiam e, por fim, apontar suas principais características e formas de manifestação sob diferentes ângulos. Concluiu-se, após a análise da literatura pertinente e necessária reflexão, que o tema conforme desenvolvido auxiliará a compreensão da cláusula geral da boa-fé objetiva, suas implicações e consequências para a atividade negocial

Les Institutiones iuris canonici de Giovan Paolo Lancellotti (1522-1590), manuel d'enseignement du droit canonique, furent publiées en 1563 et régulièrement rééditées jusque la fin du XVIIIe siècle, sous forme monographique ou jointes au Corpus iuris canonici. L'ouvrage, affilié au courant humaniste juridique, marque une rupture dans la science canonique. Il reprend le plan tripartite " personnes-choses-actions " des Institutiones de Justinien ; ambitionne d'exposer l'ensemble de la discipline de l'Eglise latine en excluant le droit civil ; et est agencé en livres, en titres et en paragraphes concis. Il rompt avec la tradition médiévale qui pratiquait la dialectique des glossateurs, et fait entrer l'Eglise catholique romaine dans l'ère des codifications. L'ouvrage est présenté dans son contexte d'émergence (intentio auctoris), est soumis à une critique externe et interne (intentio operis), et est analysé dans sa réception jusqu'à la mise en place du droit canonique moderne (intentio lectoris).

This study examines how management consulting firms work with business- and functional strategy and how these strategies are interrelated. More specifically we focus on business strategy (business unit level) and knowledge strategy (functional level) and whether these are aligned or not, i.e. whether strategic congruence exists. A number of recent studies have examined the importance of business strategy and knowledge strategy in management consulting firms separately, but few have pointed out the importance of the alignment between them. With this study we contribute to the strategic field of research with a model that describes how management consulting firms should work with their knowledge strategy given their business strategy. The model is developed through a synthesis between theories in the field of strategic congruence, business- and functional strategies and thereafter tested by an empirical case study of six management consulting firms. Our main contribution with the model is the finding that the degree of customization is a determining factor of what type of knowledge strategy the firm should undertake. Given a high degree of customization we argue that it is strategic congruent to put an emphasis on personalization as the firms knowledge strategy. With a similar logic we argue that when the degree of customization is lower, the firm should focus on a knowledge strategy like codification. Further, in contrast with former studies, our findings show that it is strategic congruent to work with personalization and codification parallelly. Through our analysis we found that it is strategic congruent to put an emphasis on either personalization or codification in different project phases. We propose that it is a good fit to focus on codification in the beginning of a management consulting project and conversely focus more on personalization in the latter part. In contrast with earlier studies, we can not see why it should be harmful to focus on both strategies parallelly, given that this focus changes over time in a project. Finally, an interesting finding of our case studies is that all of the researched firms want to codify more knowledge and it seems to be easier today than for ten years ago to motivate consultants to codify their knowledge.

From its inception, intermodal transport of goods has served trade, shippers and carriers, radically increasing transactions of goods worldwide. Multimodal carrier liability rules, however, have not evolved with the same rhythm and remain fragmented cross-modally and cross-country. This is also the case of the U.S. and Canada. The need to seek uniformity of applicable rules in these two countries led us to the comparative analysis of unimodal (landocean) rules in these two countries. Guided by past failed initiatives (1980 United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport), the European intermodal reality, transport deregulation, pragmatism, fairness in the relation between the carrier and the shipper and Law & Economics principles, we used harmonization, codification and contractualism in advancing our suggestions on uniform multimodal carrier liability rules. / Dès sa naissance, Ie transport intermodal a servi le commerce, les chargeurs et les transporteurs, augmentant de façon importante le transport des marchandises au niveau mondial. Pourtant, les règles de responsabilité du transporteur multimodal n'ont pas evolué au meme rythme et restent fragmentées à travers les modes et les pays. C'est aussi Ie cas des États-Unis et du Canada. Le besoin de chercher l'uniformité des règles applicables nous a conduit à l'étude comparée des règles unimodales (terrestres-maritimes) dans ces deux pays. Guidés par l'échec des initiatives passées (Convention de Nations Unies sur Ie Transport Multimodal International des Marchandises, 1980), la réalité intermodale europeenne, la déréglementation du transport, Ie pragmatisme, la justice dans Ie rapport entre le transporteur et le chargeur et l'analyse économique de droit, nous avons utilisé l'harmonisation, la codification et le contractualisme en vue d'avancer nos suggestions sur des règles de responsabilité uniformes du transporteur multimodal. / "Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en Droit (LL.D.) et à la Faculté de Droit et de Sciences Politiques de l'Université de Nantes en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur"

Neste trabalho apresentamos um novo método de compressão, com perda controlada de dados, que tem a vantagem de ter uma taxa significativa de compressão sem introduzir nenhuma perda superior a um parâmetro escolhido pelo usuário. Esta abordagem é uma abordagem mista, pois usa técnicas de compactação de dados tanto com perda quanto sem perda. Isto quer dizer que conseguimos um método que alia as vantagens da alta compressão, sem introduzir distorções indesejáveis nos dados. Mostramos como a massa de dados utilizada nos nossos estudos é obtida e a sua importância na prospecção de depósitos de hidrocarbonetos. É apresentado um levantamento bibliográfico com técnicas de compressão aplicadas a dados sísmicos tipicamente utilizadas em aplicações comerciais. Por fim, apresentamos os resultados da compressão utilizando o método em conjuntos de dados sísmicos reais. Para 1% de erro, os arquivos de dados sísmicos compactados passaram a ter algo próximo a 25% de seus tamanhos originais, o que representa um fator de compressão de aproximadamente 4 / This work presents a new compression method with controlled loss of data, which has the advantage of having a significant compression ratio without introducing to the data a loss higher than a parameter chosen by the user. This approach is a mixed approach, as it uses lossy and lossless data compression techniques. This means that we have achieved a method that combines the advantages of high compression without introducing undesirable distortions in the data. We show how the mass of data used in our studies is obtained and its importance in the exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. A literature review is presented with compression techniques applied to seismic data typically used in commercial applications. Finally, we present the results of compression using the method on real seismic data sets. For 1% error, the archives of seismic data now have close to 25% of their original size, which represents a compression factor of about 4

Neste trabalho apresentamos um novo método de compressão, com perda controlada de dados, que tem a vantagem de ter uma taxa significativa de compressão sem introduzir nenhuma perda superior a um parâmetro escolhido pelo usuário. Esta abordagem é uma abordagem mista, pois usa técnicas de compactação de dados tanto com perda quanto sem perda. Isto quer dizer que conseguimos um método que alia as vantagens da alta compressão, sem introduzir distorções indesejáveis nos dados. Mostramos como a massa de dados utilizada nos nossos estudos é obtida e a sua importância na prospecção de depósitos de hidrocarbonetos. É apresentado um levantamento bibliográfico com técnicas de compressão aplicadas a dados sísmicos tipicamente utilizadas em aplicações comerciais. Por fim, apresentamos os resultados da compressão utilizando o método em conjuntos de dados sísmicos reais. Para 1% de erro, os arquivos de dados sísmicos compactados passaram a ter algo próximo a 25% de seus tamanhos originais, o que representa um fator de compressão de aproximadamente 4 / This work presents a new compression method with controlled loss of data, which has the advantage of having a significant compression ratio without introducing to the data a loss higher than a parameter chosen by the user. This approach is a mixed approach, as it uses lossy and lossless data compression techniques. This means that we have achieved a method that combines the advantages of high compression without introducing undesirable distortions in the data. We show how the mass of data used in our studies is obtained and its importance in the exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. A literature review is presented with compression techniques applied to seismic data typically used in commercial applications. Finally, we present the results of compression using the method on real seismic data sets. For 1% error, the archives of seismic data now have close to 25% of their original size, which represents a compression factor of about 4

Orientador: Reginaldo Palazzo Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T21:06:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sampaio_IngridAraujo_M.pdf: 836393 bytes, checksum: c88f5bde14a891b8579e6d9dca463a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentamos algumas relações existentes entre codigos c'clicos e a transformada discreta de Fourier ambos sobre aneis locais. Para isso, 'e necessario a identificação do grupo das unidades associado a cada um dos anéis considerados. Como consequencia, codigos ciclicos sobre tais aneis podem ser construidos. Em seguida, construimos geradores de sequencias atravees dos registros de deslocamento com realimentação linear (LFSR), a partir dos polinomios geradores, cujos coeficientes pertencem a um corpo finito e a um anel comutativo finito local com identidade. Finalmente, realizamos a transformada discreta de Fourier por meio do polinomio gerador dos codigos ciclicos sobre aneis locais / Abstract: In this research we present some existing relationships between cyclic codes and discrete Fourier transform both local rings. For this, it is necessary to identify the groups of unit associated with each corresponding local ring. As a consequence, cyclic codes over these rings may be constructed. Next, we construct sequence generators by use of linear feedback shift register (LFSR), from generator polynomials whose coefficients belong either to finite field or to a local finite commutative ring with identity. Finally, the discrete Fourier transform is realized by use of the generator polynomial of cyclic codes over local rings / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Il peut sembler incongru de s’intéresser au couple formé par le juge administratif et la loi entre 1789 à 1889. À cette époque, en effet, le juge administratif est encore confondu avec l’administration. Ne sait-on pas, par ailleurs, que le droit administratif est d’abord un droit jurisprudentiel, le Conseil d’État ayant heureusement pallié les lacunes de la loi en cette matière ? L’objet de cette étude peut cependant être saisi à deux conditions. La première tient au juge. S’il ne présente jusqu’en 1889 aucune des garanties organiques aujourd’hui requises pour être qualifié de tel, il n’en est pas moins un juge au sens matériel du terme. Dans cette dernière acception, il existe bien un juge administratif avant 1889, tout administrateur-juge soit-il. La seconde condition tient à la loi. Dès la Révolution, le législateur refuse d’intervenir substantiellement en matière administrative. La loi institue l’administration, elle ne règle pas les modalités de son action. En raison de la conception syllogistique de la fonction juridictionnelle, il est donc impossible d’instituer le tribunal d’administration initialement projeté. L’administrateur-juge est ainsi moins une institution de l’Ancien Régime que de la Révolution. Mais cette abstention législative que la Constituante comme tous les régimes postérieurs ont en partage, relève bien d’un choix politique. Afin de ménager à l’administration une part irréductible de pouvoir discrétionnaire, le législateur ne définit pas les règles substantielles de l’action administrative. L’instauration du régime parlementaire et la centralisation sont à ce prix. Mais à administration discrétionnaire, juge discrétionnaire. Le juge administratif, entre 1789 et 1889, tient ainsi son existence et sa force de l’absence de loi. / It may seem odd to study the administrative law judge in the 19th century, as it doesn’t exist properly. Indeed, even if it doesn't fit with the modern standard of jurisdiction, it should be identified as a judge as it is the one settling a litigation.Through its history, we can explore the establishment of centralization and parliamentary system in the 19th century France. It also shows us how codification of the administrative law has been firmly declined. It isn’t the slightest surprise offered by the « Code civil » country.

The purpose of this study is to document the indigenous Romance language of the Sark island located in the English Channel, known as Sark Norman. As implied by the thesis title, the original aim of the field research was to codify the orthographic form of the Sark Norman language, using previous scientific observations and the assistance of the final remaining native speakers in order to commence a gradual revitalisation of Sark Norman. In the course of the research, however, we were confronted with facts that resulted in renouncing our original aim. It emerged that the existing scientific knowledge of the Sark Norman phonology system was unsatisfactory. By contrast, some authentic historical documents, until then unknown within the scientific field, were explored and validated. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study became to introduce principal findings of the field research carried out on the Sark island in 2016 with the aim of deepening the scientific knowledge of a very unique Romance language, including disproving the biggest myths related to Sark Norman within the scientific environment.