O estudo trata de pesquisa colaborativa realizada durante um ano por dois pesquisadores universitários e um grupo de doze professores de uma escola do campo de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental do sudoeste do Paraná, com a promoção de reuniões semanais para análise, discussão e estudo da prática pedagógica. O projeto de educação continuada de professores tomou a escrita sobre a prática como um importante recurso formador para a melhoria da prática e para o desenvolvimento profissional docente. Tal potencialidade é analisada com base nos pressupostos sócio-históricos da linguagem e desenvolvimento humano, de Vigotski, na perspectiva dialógica e enunciativa, de Bakhtin, e na concepção de escrita como trabalho, de Riolfi. Alguns princípios se destacaram na orientação da pesquisa. (1) O caráter simbólico cultural da escrita, cujo aprendizado desempenha papel fundamental no desenvolvimento sociocultural do sujeito, por atuar na atividade mental mediada e exigir operações analíticas complexas e mais conscientizadas; a atitude de controle e deliberação que sua especificidade de dirigir-se a um interlocutor ausente ou imaginário implica e a maior abstração e intelectualização dos motivos que a determinam (VIGOTSKI). (2) Dos estudos de Bakhtin, os conceitos de diálogo, polifonia, alteridade, exotopia, gêneros do discurso, constituição semiótica da consciência, tributários da interação verbal, contribuíram para a compreensão da escrita no vínculo com a subjetividade e a produção de conhecimento. (3) De Garrido; Garrido, Pimenta e Moura; Giovanni; Mizukami, o conceito de reflexão como orientação para os processos formativos e para o desenvolvimento profissional de professores, a integração do conhecimento teórico aos saberes e práticas docentes, a relevância do contexto sócio-político e da produção de conhecimentos e aprendizagens sobre a docência. À luz desses fundamentos, e direcionando o foco às quatro alfabetizadoras da escola, analisa-se um conjunto de escritas desencadeadas no desenvolvimento de um projeto pedagógico coletivo pela escola: atas, diários, relatos da prática, textos de análise e avaliação da experiência. A análise evidenciou o papel formador da escrita, a agregação de um elevado nível de refinamento intelectual e elaboração reflexiva, pelo efeito de retroação e compreensão que produz e que movimenta as subjetividades. A textualização escrita da prática, pela mudança do gênero de discurso, esforço analítico, inclusão da alteridade e efeitos de deslocamento, inseriu as professoras num patamar de recriação da experiência e de desenvolvimento da própria esfera da prática educativa. Entre os principais resultados deste estudo, constataram-se contribuições dos estudos da linguagem e das atividades de escrita para a formação de professores: desenvolvimento da autoria e de atitudes e competências investigativas; reconhecimento de aspectos sociopolíticos que enleiam as práticas pedagógicas; valorização da aproximação pessoal entre os membros do grupo; fortalecimento da identidade profissional; valorização do conhecimento; desenvolvimento do compromisso ético-político com o ensino; mudanças conceituais sobre a escrita e a prática pedagógica e melhoria da prática. As contribuições conceituais de Bakhtin e Vigotski, principalmente pelo papel que concedem ao outro e à linguagem na produção da autoria, evidenciaram-se como uma valiosa sustentação teórica à pesquisa colaborativa e ao desenvolvimento profissional docente. / Collaborative research carried out by two university researchers and a group of twelve teachers at a country school in the Southwest of the state of Paraná (Brazil), who used to meet once a week for discussion, analysis of teaching practices in order to improve teaching and learning during one year. The In Service Teacher Education Program designed for this study was based on the assumption that writing over one´s own practice is an important formative resource for the improvement of teaching practice. This approach was inspired by Vigostski´s socio-historical aspects of language and human development, Bakhtin´s dialogical and enunciative perspective and Riolfi´s conception of writing as work. Some principles highlighted the research orientation. (1)The symbolic and cultural character of writing, whose learning plays basic role in one\'s sociocultural development, by acting in the mediated mental activity and by demanding complex analytical operations such as control, deliberation, great abstraction and intellectualization required to direct the writing message to an absent or imaginary interlocutor (VIGOTSKI). (2)From Bakhtin´s studies the concepts of dialogue, polyphony, alterity, speech genders, formation of the semiotic conscience, verbal interaction, writing comprehension linked to subjectivity and knowledge creation. (3)From Garrido; Garrido, Pimenta and Moura; Giovanni; Mizukami the concept of reflection as orientation to the formative processes of teacher\'s professional development, the articulation of theoretical knowledge and teacher´s representations and practices, the relevancy of the sociopolitical context on the production of teaching and learning knowledge. In the light of these fundaments, and directing the focus towards four school alphabetizers, a set of writings was analyzed: dairies, stories of their professional lives, evaluation texts over the experience. The analysis revealed the construccionist role of writing, aggregating a higher level of intellectual refinement and reflexive elaboration, offering feedback and analytical understanding of their practices and putting subjectivity into motion. The exercise of writing over their own practices, through the shift of gender of speech and analytical effort, has inserted teachers in an experience of re-creation, developing the authorship of their teaching practices. Among the main results found by this study in teachers development we stressed: authorship and investigative attitudes; recognition of sociopolitical aspect on the pedagogical practice; proximity between the members of the group; appreciation of knowledge; sociopolitical commitment towards teaching and learning; conceptual changes about writing and pedagogical practice and the improvement of practice itself. Bakhtin´s and Vigotski´s conceptual framework, particularly those related to language authorship, turned out to be a powerful theoretical support to collaborative research and to teacher professional development.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Research in the area of pre and inservice teacher education have focused on the development of a meta-awareness on English teachers learning process and how this knowledge affects their social and discursive practices and their social relations in the teaching contexts in which they work (see MAGALHÃES & FIDALGO, 2008; BARCELLOS, 2006, CASTRO, 2006; PAIVA, 2005; CRISTÓVÃO, 2005a; MAGALHÃES, 2004; VIEIRA-ABRAHÃO, 2004; MOTTA-ROTH, 2006b; for instance). As a result of these investigations, this knowledge can be appropriated by language teacher programs (JOHNSON, 1996, p. 47) in the configuration of a critical and empowered second language teacher education (FREIRE, 2003b). Following this perspective, this work tries to evaluate how a collaborative practice of intervention can contribute to qualify pre and inservice language teacher education linguistically and pedagogically. To do that, we initially investigate the profile of preservice teachers and the concepts of language, teaching and learning built along their language teacher program. Then a focus group (two pre and one inservice teacher) was established in order to develop a collaborative practice of intervention which could ultimately generate reflection on concepts of learning, teaching practice and identities built along the preservice training practice in a State school. The reflective actions and the analysis of the discourses produced during these actions are theoretically supported by collaborative research of intervention (MAGALHÃES & FIDALGO, 2008; MAGALHÃES, 2004), Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003, 1989) and socio-cultural theory of learning (VYGOTSKY, 2001, 1995). The discourse analysis shows that, through the practice of intervention, participants could develop a meta-awareness on behaviorist concepts of learning which underly their discourse and teaching practices at the beginning of the reflective process. The practice of intervention also helped them give their first steps on building a sociocultural learning perspective (concepts and teaching practice). This reconfiguration had an impact not only on the way they act in the classroom, but also in the constitution of their identities as teachers of English, as they gradually personify social roles which demand a critical and socially-situated attitude from themselves and from their students. By the end of the intervention practice, they point out the importance of teacher s engagement in reflective ongoing processes, taking responsibility for their role in the configuration of these processes. / Pesquisas na área de formação pré e em serviço têm priorizado o desenvolvimento de uma metaconsciência acerca do processo de aprendizagem de professores de inglês e de que maneira esse conhecimento afeta suas práticas sociais e discursivas e suas relações sociais nos contextos de ensino em que atuam (ver MAGALHÃES & FIDALGO, 2008; BARCELLOS, 2006, CASTRO, 2006; PAIVA, 2005; CRISTÓVÃO, 2005a; MAGALHÃES, 2004; VIEIRA-ABRAHÃO, 2004; MOTTA-ROTH, 2006b; por exemplo). Como resultado dessas investigações, esse conhecimento pode ser apropriado pelos currículos de licenciatura (JOHNSON, 1996, p. 47) na configuração de uma formação crítica e democrática (FREIRE, 2003b). Dentro dessa perspectiva, este trabalho procura avaliar em que medida uma prática de interferência colaborativa pode contribuir para qualificar o processo formativo lingüístico-pedagógico do professor de inglês pré e em serviço. Para tanto, procuramos inicialmente investigar o perfil do aluno de Letras e as concepções de linguagem, ensino e aprendizagem que constrói em diferentes pontos de sua trajetória universitária. Em seguida, um grupo focal (duas professoras em pré e uma em serviço) foi estabelecido no sentido de desenvolvermos uma prática de interferência colaborativa que, em última instância, pudesse gerar a reflexão acerca das concepções de aprendizagem, da prática pedagógica e das identidades construídas ao longo do programa de estágio curricular supervisionado, vivenciado pelo grupo, em uma escola pública. As ações reflexivas e a análise dos discursos produzidos no decorrer delas são ancoradas teoricamente pela pesquisa de interferência colaborativa (MAGALHÃES & FIDALGO, 2008; MAGALHÃES, 2004), pela Análise Crítica do Discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003, 1989) e pela perspectiva sociocultural de aprendizagem (VYGOTSKY, 2001, 1995). A análise do discurso das participantes mostrou que, por meio da prática de interferência colaborativa, puderam desenvolver uma metaconsciência acerca da concepção behaviorista que subsidiou seu discurso e sua prática pedagógica no início do processo reflexivo, bem como dar os primeiros passos na configuração de uma perspectiva de aprendizagem sociocultural (conceitos e prática pedagógica). Essa reconfiguração teve impacto não somente no modo como vivenciaram suas ações em sala de aula, mas igualmente na constituição de suas identidades como professoras de inglês, uma vez que gradualmente personificam, em sala de aula, papéis sociais que demandam uma postura crítica e socialmente situada em relação a si mesmas e a seus alunos. Ao final do processo de investigação, apontam a importância de o professor estar inserido em um processo reflexivo crítico e continuado, assumindo sua parcela de responsabilidade na configuração desse processo.

Students with learning difficulties are said by many writers to be prohibited from having a valued learner identity and denied a voice in which to influence their educational circumstances. They are, it is argued, kept submerged in a ‘culture of silence’, where they are homogenised as a deficit category of learners and, therefore, perceived in a one-dimensional way. Such disabling barriers stem from practitioner assumptions and wider sociological influences, which are also part of this same culture. The by-products of this thinking have prevented practitioners from developing more interactive and enabling relationships with their students. Starting with a commitment to listen to student views, and explore accessible, flexible and innovative ways in which to advocate these, the research reported in this thesis sought ways to address this agenda. Set in a further education college, five student co-researchers, four practitioner co-researchers and a facilitator co-researcher embarked on a year long project to learn how the same students could be supported in contributing to their own learning. Being a transparent account, the inquiry was also interested in exploring the difficulties of this endeavour and whether student empowerment would alter the relational dynamics and, therefore, practitioner roles. As the facilitator was instrumental in introducing these ideas, she also examined her own influential role. Data were generated from observations and co-researcher experiences of engaging with roles, body collages, student interviews, photo voice, journals, portfolios and reflective meetings. These exploratory processes and methods were predicated upon the ideological frameworks of the social model of disability and multiple intelligences theory. The study revealed that renegotiated co-researcher roles and body collages were effective processes for enabling reciprocal engagement, causing students to empower themselves and leading practitioners to rethink in ways that had not been anticipated. These processes were also felt to be educationally effective in relation to curriculum aims. Whilst journals and lengthy meetings proved to be impractical and of little use, the reflective journal did prove to be an essential tool for the facilitator, allowing her to draw upon further evidence. The findings indicate that student voice can be raised through collaboration and forging relationships of trust and co-ownership. The thesis concludes by arguing that silences were broken, not least since these collaborative actions are still being used in the particular context in ways that are conducive to everyday practices. Although time and commitment are needed, these are valuable strategies that other marginalised educational communities may benefit from adopting.

We consider the problem of secure communications in a Gaussian two-way relay network where two nodes exchange confidential messages only via an untrusted relay. The relay is assumed to be honest but curious, i.e., an eavesdropper that conforms to the system rules and applies the intended relaying scheme. We analyze the achievable secrecy rates by applying network coding on the physical layer or the network layer and compare the results in terms of complexity, overhead, and efficiency. Further, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the respective approaches.

Preventing the success of active attacks is of essential importance for network coding since even the infiltration of one single corrupted data packet can jam large parts of the network. The existing approaches for network coding schemes preventing such pollution attacks can be divided into two categories: utilize cryptographic approaches or utilize redundancy similar to error correction coding. Within this paper, we compared both paradigms concerning efficiency of data transmission under various circumstances. Particularly, we considered an attacker of a certain strength as well as the influence of the generation size. The results are helpful for selecting a suitable approach for network coding taking into account both security against pollution attacks and efficiency.

Growing memory capacities and the increasing number of cores on modern hardware enforces the design of new in-memory indexing structures that reduce the number of memory transfers and minimizes the need for locking to allow massive parallel access. However, most applications depend on hard durability constraints requiring a persistent medium like SSDs, which shorten the latency and throughput gap between main memory and hard disks. In this paper, we present our winning solution of the SIGMOD Programming Contest 2011. It consists of an in-memory indexing structure that provides a balanced read/write performance as well as non-blocking reads and single-lock writes. Complementary to this index, we describe an SSD-optimized logging approach to fit hard durability requirements at a high throughput rate.

Werden normalerweise neue Museen für bereits bestehende Sammlungen gebaut, so verkehrt sich in Ústí nad Labem dieses Prinzip ins Gegenteil. Auf Initiative des Collegium Bohemicum und unterstützt von der Jan Evangelista Purkyně-Universität Ústí nad Labem wurde 2006 das „Museum für die deutschsprachigen Bewohner der böhmischen Länder“ ins Leben gerufen. Das im Aufbau befindliche Museum hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, das Wirken und den Beitrag der deutschsprachigen Bewohner in den böhmischen Ländern aus tschechischer Perspektive, aber in europäische Zusammenhänge eingebettet darzustellen und zu vermitteln. (...)

Measuring the energy consumption of software components is a major building block for generating models that allow for energy-aware scheduling, accounting and budgeting. Current measurement techniques focus on coarse-grained measurements of application or system events. However, fine grain adjustments in particular in the operating-system kernel and in application-level servers require power profiles at the level of a single software function. Until recently, this appeared to be impossible due to the lacking fine grain resolution and high costs of measurement equipment. In this paper we report on our experience in using the Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) energy sensors available in recent Intel CPUs for measuring energy consumption of short code paths. We investigate the granularity at which RAPL measurements can be performed and discuss practical obstacles that occur when performing these measurements on complex modern CPUs. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to use the RAPL infrastructure to characterize the energy costs for decoding video slices.

Our paper presents some preliminary observation from a collaborative exploratory study linking mathematics, science and reading within a technology enhanced problem-based learning scenario conducted at one French Canadian Elementary and Middle School. Presented in a form of dialogue between teacher and researcher, our findings give some meaningful insight in how an innovative mathematics teaching can be developed and implemented using a real-world problem solving. Instead of a traditional presentation of material about lighting up homes, participating mathematics, science and French teachers were working collaboratively with the ICT integration mentor and two university professors helping students investigate a problem from various perspectives using a variety of cognitive and metacognitive strategies, discussing and sharing the finding with peers and presenting them to a larger audience using media tools. Our preliminary results may prompt further investigation of how innovation in teaching and learning can help students become better critical thinkers and scientifically empowered citizens.

La présente recherche collaborative vise à décrire (1) la mise en œuvre de pratiques en contexte d’atelier d’écriture de deux enseignantes vietnamiennes de français langue étrangère au deuxième cycle du secondaire bénéficiant d’une formation continue sur ce dispositif ; (2) les effets de leurs pratiques d’atelier d’écriture sur le développement de la compétence à écrire en français langue étrangère de leurs élèves ; et (3) les répercussions de leur participation à cette recherche collaborative sur le changement de leurs pratiques d’enseignement de l’écriture. Afin de répondre à ces objectifs, nous avons observé chacune des enseignantes à deux reprises, l’une au début et l’autre, à la fin de l’expérimentation. Elles ont de plus décrit leur mise en œuvre de l’atelier d’écriture lors d’une entrevue téléphonique qui se déroulait toutes les deux semaines au cours de cinq mois. D’autre part, nous avons évalué la performance en écriture en français langue étrangère des élèves (n=33) de ces deux enseignantes au prétest et au post-test au moyen d’une épreuve de production écrite. Enfin, nous avons mené une entrevue semi-dirigée avec les enseignantes au début et à la fin de la recherche pour collecter les changements qu’elles ont apportés dans leurs pratiques d’enseignement de l’écriture et identifier les éléments du dispositif de recherche facilitant ces changements. Nos résultats indiquent que durant la recherche, les enseignantes ont mis en place l’atelier d’écriture dans leur classe. Au moyen d’observations directes en classe à l’aide du modèle du multi-agenda de Bucheton et Soulé (2009), nous avons remarqué une amélioration dans la qualité de leurs pratiques de tissage, de pilotage, d’étayage et d’atmosphère à la fin de l’expérimentation. Les pratiques déclarées, quant à elles, permettent de constater que les enseignantes ont organisé l’atelier d’écriture sur une base régulière et ont respecté presque pleinement les principes de ce dispositif présentés lors de la formation. Du côté des élèves, ils ont amélioré significativement la qualité de leurs productions écrites sur le plan du contenu, de l’organisation, de la structure des phrases, du choix des mots, de la voix d’auteur et des conventions linguistiques au post-test. De plus, leurs productions écrites étaient plus longues et meilleures en ce qui concerne la complexité lexicale ainsi que syntaxique. Finalement, les enseignantes ont déclaré apporter des changements dans leurs pratiques d’enseignement de l’écriture, et ce, grâce à la formation que nous avions organisée pour elles, à notre soutien durant leur expérimentation et à leur observation mutuelle de la mise en œuvre de l’atelier d’écriture. / The purpose of this collaborative research is to describe (1) the implementation of writing workshop practices by two Vietnamese teachers of French as a foreign language at the upper secondary level who received in-service training on this device; (2) the impact of their writing workshop practices on the development of their students’ competence in writing French as a foreign language; and (3) the repercussions of their participation in the collaborative research on the change in their writing teaching practices. Our results indicate that during the research, teachers implemented the writing workshop in their classrooms. Through direct classroom observations using Bucheton and Soulé’s (2009) multi-agenda model, we noted an improvement in the quality of weaving, piloting, scaffolding, and atmospheric practices implemented by the teachers at the end of the experiment. The reported practices show that the teachers implemented the writing workshop on a regular basis and complied almost fully with the principles of this device presented during the training. On the students’ side, they significantly improved the quality of their written productions in terms of content, organization, sentence fluency, word choice, authorial voice and linguistic conventions on the post-test. In addition, their written productions were longer and better in terms of lexical and syntactic complexity. Finally, the teachers reported making changes in their practices of teaching writing, thanks to the training we had organized for them, to our support during their experimentation, and to their mutual observation of the implementation of the writing workshop.