The provision of urban services is one of the most important issues in the process of urbanization. However, more than half of the urban population in developing countries does not enjoy any of these services yet. The public sector has been unable to provide services to the ever-increasing urban population. This failure has been met by the involvement of the private sector in the provision of services: nevertheless, private services are only provided to those who can afford them. The urban poor, who are the majority of the population in urban centres, are not able to afford those services. In the absence of public and private services, the poor have managed themselves to provide services. However, the provision of services by the informal sector has been attacked by governments, which have rarely evaluated or understood this sector. This thesis investigates how the informal sector has created different networks to provide services. In order to find out how exactly this phenomenon has taken place in poor communities, an informal settlement was selected in Bogota, Colombia for a case study. Service networks were identified and classified according to their nature, the operational and technical aspects were described, and, finally, the accepted level of services by the members of the community was analyzed and inferences were drawn. In this way, the studies showed that the informal sector through the use of networks assembled by community-based organizations and/or assembled by different individuals with private initiative were successfully providing services to the poor.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-155).

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Thomas C. Bruneau, Jeanne K. Giraldo. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-58). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 9, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-90).

No description available.

156 h. : il. ; 30 cm. / El departamento de Córdoba ubicado en el norte de Colombia, tiene una extensión de 25,020 km2 y fue creado en el año 1951. Su capital es Montería, la cual está ubicada a 790 km de Bogotá la capital de Colombia. El departamento limita al norte con el mar Caribe y el departamento de Sucre; al oriente con Sucre, Bolívar y Antioquia; al sur con Antioquia; y al occidente con Antioquia y el mar Caribe. De acuerdo con la división política de Colombia, Córdoba hace parte de la región Caribe pero tiene ciertas ventajas respecto a los otros departamentos de la región. Cuenta con siete subregiones que ofrecen territorios costeros, montañosos y valles, lo que le ofrece gran diversidad y riqueza de recursos naturales. Representó el 1.7% del PIB de Colombia en 2015, principalmente por actividades mineras, en especial la mina de Cerro Matoso; y actividades agrícolas, pero no es considerado como un referente nacional. Comparado con sus departamentos vecinos no tiene mayor participación en el sector de turismo, aunque cuenta con las condiciones geográficas y de clima para tener una oferta atractiva. Adicionalmente, no cuenta con operaciones de comercio, pues carece de un puerto que lograría aumentar no solo el flujo de este, sino las actividades industriales en el departamento. Lo anterior demuestra que el departamento debe buscar nuevas formas de generación de ingresos que permitan asegurar el bienestar y prosperidad de sus habitantes. Es por esto que el presente documento tiene como objetivo desarrollar el Plan Estratégico para Córdoba, donde se intenta identificar alternativas que permitan mejorar las condiciones sociales y económicas del departamento. Para lograr este objetivo, se toma como base el modelo secuencial del proceso estratégico de D´Alessio (2015), el cual se presenta en los siguientes 10 capítulos / The state of Cordoba located in the north of Colombia, has an extension of 25,020 km2, and was created in 1951. Its capital is Montería, which is located at 790 km from Bogotá the capital of Colombia. The state limits to the north with the Caribbean Sea and the state of Sucre; to the east with Sucre, Bolivar and Antioquia; to the south with Antioquia; and to the West with Antioquia and the Caribbean Sea. According to the political division of Colombia, Cordoba is part of the Caribbean region, but has certain advantages over the other states of the region; it has seven subregions, which offer coastal territories, valleys and mountains, which offers great diversity and rich natural resources. Cordoba represented 1.7% of Colombia's GDP in 2015, mainly for mining activities, for having the Cerro Matoso mine; also agricultural activities, but is not considered as a national benchmark. Compared with its similar states, it has no greater participation in the tourism sector, counting on the geographical and climatic conditions to have an attractive offer; additionally, it does not have trade operations, since it lacks a port, which would increase not only the flow of commerce, but also the industrial activities in the state. This demonstrates that the state must seek new forms of income generation, to ensure the well-being and prosperity of its inhabitants, so this document aims to develop the strategic plan for the state of Cordoba, seeking to identify alternatives that allow improvement of the social and economic conditions of the state. To achieve this objective, the following document will be based on the sequential model of strategic process D'Alessio (2015), which is presented in the next ten chapters / Tesis

El plan estratégico del Departamento del Magdalena (Colombia), tomando como guía el Modelo Secuencial del Proceso Estratégico, pretende a través de un análisis situacional y diagnóstico del departamento definir sus potenciales y proponer planes de acción para la explotación de estos. Así mismo, se identifican debilidades y aspectos de mejora que no han permitido la alineación del departamento con el plan de Competitividad del País. Magdalena es unos de los 32 departamentos de Colombia que cuenta con una ubicación geográfica privilegiada por su salida al mar y actividad portuaria; se caracteriza por hacer parte de unos de los tres corredores principales de la Red de Vías Nacional, igualmente posee salidas aéreas, red fluvial y férrea. También cuenta con actividades económicas en el sector hotelero y turismo, agropecuario y ganadero; poseedor de riqueza y variedad de recursos naturales. Sin embargo, existen situaciones de pobreza, baja cobertura del sistema educativo y de salud y una predominante concentración de la actividad industrial en la capital Santa Marta; adicionalmente la coyuntura del país en relación al conflicto armado y decrecimiento de los índices macroeconómicos lo hacen más vulnerable. La visión del Departamento para el año 2027 es liderar entre los primeros del país por sus índices de competitividad a través del impulso de sectores claves como la educación, turismo, exportaciones, seguridad y transparencia de las instituciones con un fuerte componente de inclusión social. Para la consecución de esta visión el departamento debe trabajar en incrementar su participación del PIB pasando del 1,3% actual a un 8% para 2027, trabajar en el aumento de 23 puntos porcentuales en el índice de percepción de favorable en la seguridad, disminuir la brecha social que la pobreza actualmente genera y reducir a la mitad la tasa de desempleo que hoy es cercana al 8% / The strategic plan of the Magdalena Department (Colombia), using as a guide the Sequential Model of the Strategic Process, intends through a situational analysis and diagnosis of the department, to define its potential and propose action plans for the exploitation of these. It also identifies weaknesses and aspects of improvement that have not allowed the alignment of the department with the Country's Competitiveness Plan. Magdalena is one of the 32 departments of Colombia that counts on a privileged geographical location by its direct exit to the sea and port activity; is characterized for being part of one of the three main corridors of the National Roads Network, also has aerial exits, river navigability and rail network. It also has economic activities in the hotel sector and tourism and agriculture; a potential source of wealth and variety of natural resources. However, there are situations of poverty, low coverage in education and health systems and a predominant concentration of industrial activity in the capital Santa Marta; additionally the country's situation in relation to the internal conflict and decrease of the macroeconomic indexes make it more vulnerable. The Department's vision for the year 2027 is to lead among the first of the country by its competitiveness indexes through the impulse of key sectors such as education, tourism, exports, security and transparency of institutions with a strong component of social inclusion. In order to achieve this vision, the department must work to increase its share of the GDP, going from the current 1.3% to 8% by 2027, working on a 23% increase in the perception of a favorable security, decreasing the social gap that poverty currently generates and to reduce by half the unemployment rate that today is close to 8% / Tesis

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-25T19:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 310832.pdf: 26832151 bytes, checksum: 3d104dcddb449aadb7b0240d8a45674d (MD5) / O aumento considerável das cargas de resfriamento devido às fontes internas e externas e o acumulo de ar poluído devido aos processos de cocção, fazem com que o melhoramento do comportamento térmico e da ventilação de uma cozinha residencial localizada em clima quente e úmido seja prioritário. A ventilação pode constituir uma estratégia eficiente para resolver esses problemas. Porém, localidades geográficas que possuem momentos consideráveis de calmaria em relação ao vento como, por exemplo, a cidade de Quibdó na Colômbia, requerem o uso de outras estratégias de condicionamento. Pesquisas anteriores demonstraram as possibilidades de utilização das chaminés solares para melhorar o desempenho ambiental de um espaço localizado sob essas condições climáticas. Com o intuito de avaliar o potencial das chaminés solares sobre uma cozinha residencial, neste trabalho foi utilizado um método de simulação computacional através do programa Energyplus. Na modelagem das aberturas da chaminé, encontrou-se que o objeto "Horizontal Opening", incluído na versão 7.0 desse programa, não representa adequadamente a ventilação gerada pela diferença de temperatura. Entre os resultados, verificou-se (1) que a presença de vento potencializava o "efeito chaminé" sem importar a direção que tivesse a corrente, (2) a inclinação da chaminé em 50° é o valor que permite atingir o melhor comportamento da cozinha para a latitude de Quibdó, (3) a localização da cozinha na planta arquitetônica que permitiu obter o melhor comportamento devido ao uso de uma chaminé é aquela na qual se tem o maior afastamento no plano vertical entre as aberturas de entrada e saída da chaminé e (4) encontrou-se que a melhoria obtida através do aumento da área de absorção na chaminé tem um limite quando considerado o dia inteiro. A partir das simulações realizadas para o dia inteiro, conclui-se que o uso de chaminés solares não produziu melhorias significativas na temperatura e na ventilação de cozinhas residenciais localizadas no clima quente e úmido de Quibdó. / The significant increase in cooling loads due to internal and external sources and the accumulation of polluted air due to cooking, make the improvement of thermal and ventilation performance of a residential kitchen located in hot and humid climate a priority. The ventilation is an effective strategy to solve these problems. However, geographical places which have considerable moments without wind, like the case of Quibdó - Colombia, require the use of other conditioning strategies. Previous researches have shown the possibility of using solar chimney´s to improve the performance of a space located under such climatic conditions. This work used the Energyplus simulation software for evaluating the potential of a solar chimney on a residential kitchen. Modeling the chimney openings, it was found that the "Horizontal Opening" object included in version 7.0 of this program doesn´t represent adequately the ventilation created by the stack effect. Among the results, it was found (1) that the presence of wind enhanced the stack effect regardless of the flow direction, (2) a slope of 50° for the chimney absorber surface is the ideal inclination value to achieve the best performance in a kitchen located in the Quibdó latitude, (3) the kitchen location within the house which allowed to obtain the best performance due to the use of a solar chimney, was that which let to have a larger distance between the inlet and outlet on the vertical plane and (4) it was found that the performance improvement obtained due to the increase in the chimney absorption area has a limit when considered the whole day. Based on daily simulations, it was concluded that the solar chimney use didn´t produce significant improvements in the temperature and ventilation of a residential kitchen located in the hot and humid climate of Quibdó.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-26T00:14:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 314081.pdf: 7835859 bytes, checksum: d46be55d08bfc6c0a2c6288c207f0fba (MD5) / Esta tese é uma etnografia realizada em vários locais da Colômbia, particularmente da região do Caribe. O eixo que articulou o texto e o trabalho de campo foi o Sombrero Vueltiao, um tipo de chapéu artesanal, declarado símbolo cultural da nação pela Lei 908 de 2004 que é produzido pelos indígenas Zenú que habitam principalmente nos departamentos de Córdoba e Sucre, ao norte do país na região do Caribe. Os temas desenvolvidos ao longo da tese são uma tentativa de dar conta dos trânsitos e transformações deste tipo de chapéu, desde a produção da matéria prima até sua comercialização e exibição passando pelos seus diversos usos e acepções, não apenas do chapéu enquanto objeto, mas também de suas imagens que se espalham profusamente nos mais diversos contextos, do souvenir ao emblema étnico. Aqui procuro descrever esses cenários seguindo os elos do chapéu que ora apontam para as festividades, músicas e danças do Caribe, ora para a construção da identidade étnica Zenú ou ainda para a promoção turística de um país que diz ter no Sombrero Vueltiao o símbolo cultural da nação / Esta tesis es una etnografía realizada en varios lugares de Colombia, particularmente de la región Caribe. El eje que articuló el texto y el trabajo de campo fue el Sombrero Vueltiao, um objeto artesanal, declarado símbolo cultural de la nación mediante la Ley 908 de 2004 y que es producido por los indígenas Zenú que habitan principalmente en los departamentos de Córdoba y Sucre, al norte del país en la región Caribe. Los temas desarrollados a lo largo de la tesis intentan dar cuenta de los tránsitos y transformaciones de este tipo de sombrero, desde la producción de la materia prima hasta la comercialización y exibición, pasando por sus diversos usos e acepciones, no simplemente del sombrero como objeto, sino también de sus imágenes que se multiplican profusamente en los mas diversos contextos, desde el souvenir hasta el emblema étnico. Aqui intento describir estos escenarios siguiendo los trazos del sombrero, que pueden apuntar tanto para festividades, música y danzas del caribe cuanto para la construcción de la identidade étnica Zenú, o aun para la promoción turística de um país que dice tener en el Sombrero Vueltiao el símbolo cultural de la nación.