Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABTRACT: In recent years, original and exciting developments have been taking place in Nigerian literature. This new body of literature, collectively referred to as the ―third generation‖, has lately received international acclaim. In this emergent literature, the negotiation of a new, contemporary identity has become a central focus. At the same time, recent Nigerian literary texts are articulating responses to various developments in the Nigerian nation: Nigeria‘s current political and socio-economic situation, diverse forms of cultural hybridisation, as well as an increasing trans-national consciousness, to mention only a few. Three 21st-century novels – Chimamanda Nogzi Adichie‘s Purple Hibiscus (2004), Sefi Atta‘s Everything Good Will Come (2004) and Chris Abani‘s GraceLand (2005) – reveal how new avenues of identity-negotiation and formation are being explored in various contemporary Nigerian situations. This study tracks the ways in which the Bildungsroman, the novel of self-development, serves as a vehicle through which this new identity is articulated. Concurrently, this study also grapples with the ways in which the articulation and negotiation of this new identity reshapes the conventions of the classical Bildungsroman genre, thereby establishing a unique and contemporary Nigerian Bildungsroman for the 21st century. The identity that is being negotiated by the third generation is multi-layered and inclusive, as opposed to the exclusive and unitary identities which are observable in Nigerian novels of the previous two generations. Such inclusivity, as well as the hybrid environments in which this identity is being negotiated, results in a form of ―identity layering‖. Thus, the individual comes into being at the point of intersection, overlap and collision of various modes of self-making. Such ―layering‖ allows the individual, albeit not without challenge, to perform a self-styled identity, which does not necessarily conform to the dictates of society. At the same time, the identity is negotiated by means of an engagement, in the form of intertextual dialoguing, with Nigeria‘s preceding literary generations. The most prominent arenas in which this new identity is negotiated include silenced domestic spaces, religo-cultural traditions, constructs of gender and nation, as well as in multicultural and hybrid communities. The investigation conducted in this thesis will, consequently, also focus on such areas of Nigerian life, as they are portrayed in the focal texts. Various theories of literary analysis (some of which specifically focus on Nigeria), Bildungsroman theory, theories of allegory, (imaginative) nation formation, feminism, gender and performativity, as well as theories of cultural identity and cultural exchanges, will form the critical and theoretical framework within which this investigation will be executed. Chapter One explores how Purple Hibiscus‘s protagonist, Kambili Achike, negotiates her gender identity and voice in order to constitute herself as an independent, self-authoring individual. Chapter Two, which focuses on Everything Good Will Come, investigates the dialectic relationship between Enitan Taiwo‘s national and personal identity, which inevitably leads to her quest to reconceive her gender identity, since national identity, as she finds out, is always an engendered construct. In its analysis of GraceLand, Chapter Three turns to the difficulties that Elvis Oke faces when he attempts to negotiate an alternative masculine identity within a rigid patriarchal system and between the cracks of a fraudulent African modernity. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die afgelope paar jaar was daar opwindende, oorspronklike ontwikkelinge in Nigeriese literatuur. Hierdie nuwe literatuurkorpus, wat gesamentlik bekend staan as die ―derde generasie, het onlangs internasionale erkenning ontvang. In hierdie opkomende literatuur, kry die soeke na 'n nuwe, kontemporêre identiteit ‘n sentrale fokus. Terselfdertyd reageer onlangse Nigeriese literêre werke met verskeie ontwikkelinge in die Negeriese nasie: Nigerië se huidige politieke en sosio-ekonomiese situasie, diverse vorme van kultuurverbastering asook 'n toenemende trans-nasionale bewustheid, om maar ‘n paar te noem. Drie 21ste eeuse romans – Chimamanda Nogzi Adichie se Purple Hibiscus (2004), Sefi Atta se Everything Good Will Come (2004) en Chris Abani se GraceLand (2005) – onthul hoe nuwe kanale van identiteidsonderhandeling en –vorming in verskeie kontemporêre Nigeriese situasies ondersoek word. Hierdie studie ondersoek die maniere waarop die Bildungsroman, die roman van selfontwikkeling, as ‗n medium dien waardeur hierdie nuwe identiteit geartikuleer word. Terselfdertyd sal hierdie studie ook worstel met die maniere waarin die artikulasie en soeke na hierdie nuwe identiteit die konvensies van die klassieke Bildungsroman genre hervorm, en daardeur 'n unieke en kontemporêre Nigeriese Bildungsroman vir die 21ste eeu vestig. Die identiteit wat ontwikkel deur die derde generasie is veelvlakkig en inklusief en staan teenoor die eksklusiewe, eenvormige identiteite wat in Nigeriese romans van die vorige twee generasies opgemerk word. Hierdie inklusiwiteit, sowel as die hibriede omgewings waarin hierdie identeite ontwikkel word, lei tot die vorming van identiteitslae. Die individu kom dus tot stand by die kruising, oorvleueling en botsing van verskillende metodes van selfvorming. Hierdie vorming van lae laat die individu toe, alhoewel nie sonder uitdagings nie, om 'n selfgevormde identiteit te hê wat nie noodwndig aan die eise van die gemeenskap voldoen nie. Terselfdertyd word hierdie identiteit onderhandel deur ‗n skakeling met Nigerië se voorafgaande literêre generasies in die vorm van intertekstuele dialoog. Die mees prominente omgewings waar hierdie nuwe identiteit onderhandel word, sluit stilgemaakte huishoudelike spasies, religieus-kulturele tradisies, konstrukte van gender en nasie, sowel as multi-kulturele en hibriede gemeenskappe in. Die ondersoek wat in hierdie tesis uitgevoer sal word, sal daarom ook fokus op hierdie areas van Nigeriese lewe, soos deur die fokale tekste voorgestel. Verskeie teorieë van literêre analise (sommige wat spesifiek op Nigerië fokus), Bildungsromanteorie, teorieë van allegorie, (denkbeeldige) nasievorming, feminisme, gender en performatiwiteit, sowel as teorieë van kultuuridentiteit en -uitruiling, vorm die kritiese en teoretiese raamwerk waarbinne hierdie ondersoek uitgevoer sal word. Hoofstuk een ondersoek hoe Purple Hibiscus se protagonist, Kambili Achike, haar genderidentiteit onderhandel en uitdrukking gee om haarself as onafhanklike, self-skeppende individu te vorm. Hoofstuk twee, wat fokus op Everything Good Will Come, ondersoek die dialektiese verhouding tussen Enitan Taiwo se nasionale en persoonlike identiteit, wat onvermydelik lei tot die herbedenking van haar genderidentiteit, aangesien nasionale identiteit, soos sy uitvind, altyd 'n gekweekte konstruk is. In sy analise van GraceLand, draai Hoofstuk drie om die moeilikhede wat Elvis Oke in die gesig staar wanneer hy probeer om ‘n alternatiewe manlike identiteit te onderhandel in 'n rigiede patriargale sisteem tussen krake van 'n bedrieglike Afrika-moderniteit.

Alla luce del recente interesse verso l’insegnamento della lingua italiana all’estero, il presente elaborato esamina la storia della comunità italiana e dell’evoluzione della didattica dell’italiano nello stato del Victoria, in Australia. La tesi presenta inoltre i risultati della mia ricerca sull’influenza dei flussi migratori e delle politiche linguistiche australiane sull’insegnamento dell’italiano nelle scuole, descrivendo come la percezione della lingua italiana sia cambiata nell’immaginario australiano. Tale analisi storica mi ha permesso di formulare una valutazione critica e suggerimenti per migliorare le metodologie didattiche impiegate nei corsi di italiano nelle scuole secondarie del Victoria. / In light of the growing interest towards Italian teaching abroad, the present dissertation investigates the history of the Italian community and the evolution of Italian teaching in the state of Victoria, Australia. I hereby present the results of my research on the history of the Italian community in Victoria, as well as the influence of Australian immigration and language policies on Italian teaching in Victorian schools, highlighting how the perception of Italian language evolved in Australian public opinion throughout history. Based on this historical framework, a critical evaluation of Italian teaching methodologies in Victoria was conducted, which informed my suggestions for future improvement of Italian teaching practices.

There is an ancient rabbinic apothegm which asserts that prophecy “ceased” after the last Biblical prophets, Haggai, Zachariah, and Malachi. After their deaths, a new phase of divine revelation was believed to have emerged through manifestations of a bat kol (lit. “Daughter of a voice”). This thesis examines the bat kol’s function within the contours of the Babylonian Talmud, primarily, employing philological, literary, and historical analyses. Moreover, it includes a review of parallels with Biblical and Second-Temple era, Apocalyptic works, so as to suggest possible origins. In addition, a sample of about ten stories are presented as representative of larger categories I consider best exhibit the bat kol’s purpose. The categories include: announcing an individual’s entry into the world to come, encomium and disdain towards individuals, matters related to Halacha (Jewish Law), and miscellaneous. As a result we discover how the rabbis employed the bat kol to address contemporary concerns.

This diploma theses focuses on the issue of game studies and examines its connection with the news media. The relationship between these areas is analysed on the case study of the computer game Kingdom Come: Deliverance that reached international success. This study uses content analysis to identify the presence and way of presentation of this game project in the Czech Television news since 2014 to 2019. Regarding the international success of the game, I presume that not only the game itself but also the gaming industry as such might been more captured in the news. In addition to the analysis of media mentions of the game, the work also focuses on their contextual framework and context in which the Czech project was discussed. In addition to quantitative research on Czech Television news, the work is supplemented by a comparison of Czech and foreign reviews, which provides a broader view not only of a different approach to the game in the Czech Republic and the world, but also outlines the importance and relevance of the game itself. Key Words Kingdom Come: Deliverance, Game studies, Czech PC Games, media analysis, quantitative research

This comprehensive study specifically includes: a brief biography of La Montaine, background surrounding the composition of the three works, a thorough analysis of each work, and a style comparison of the three pieces. Materials in the appendixes are: an annotated list of La Montaine's flute compositions; the text of the song cycle Fragments; an interview with John La Montaine; and an interview with Doriot Anthony Dwyer, to whom Come into My Garden and My Beloved, Let Us Go Forth are dedicated.

Dans le domaine de la déficience intellectuelle, des relations de nature partenariale entre les parents et les intervenants sont maintenant souhaitées. D’ailleurs, les avantages d’établir un partenariat dans les relations entre les parents et les intervenants ne sont plus à démontrer. Pourtant, les écrits portant sur ce sujet dressent un portrait où le partenariat est plutôt absent des relations entre les intervenants et les parents. En situation d’hébergement, le partenariat entre les parents et les intervenants est encore plus pertinent puisqu’il constitue un facteur influençant positivement l’implication des parents auprès de leur enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Par contre, le sujet spécifique des relations entre les intervenants et les parents de personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle en contexte d’hébergement a été peu exploré dans les écrits. Dans le cadre du présent mémoire, une recherche qualitative a été menée afin de connaître la perception de parents d’adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle de leurs relations avec les intervenants dans un contexte d’hébergement. Dix parents ont donc été rencontrés en entrevue. Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de qualifier, à partir de la perception de parents, la nature des relations qu’ils entretiennent avec les intervenants et de cibler les facteurs qui influencent leurs relations. / In the mental retardation field, partnership relationships between parents and caregivers are now a must. In fact, the advantages of a partnership in the relationships between parents and caregivers no longer need to be validated. Still, written documents on this subject usually depict a picture of a partnership that is somewhat lacking in the relationships between the caregivers and the parents. This partnership between caregivers and parents is even more important in foster homes settings as it strongly influences the parents’ involvement in the life of their child with learning disabilities. However, the actual subject of relationships between caregivers and parents of adult children with mental retardation in foster homes settings has been seldom documented. This thesis required a qualitative research be made to better understand the perception of parents of adult children with mental retardation with respect to their relationship with the caregivers in a foster home setting. Ten parents were interviewed. The purpose of this research was to better qualify, according to the parents’ perception, the type of relationships they have with the caregivers and to identify the factors that influence these relationships. The results showed that most parents are satisfied with their relationships with their adult child’s caregivers. The description they give of their relationships brings us to conclude that there is in fact a partnership. From an ecological analysis, we have grouped these factors according to different systems. The familial systemic model also enabled us to analyze the factors at a deeper level. Amongst the identified factors, some are more important than others. First, there is the factor that caregivers recognize the importance of the parents’ contribution. Then, there is the factor that the parents notice a sense of well-being in their child. Finally, there is the factor that the parents are able to voice their point of view and their expectations.

Cette thèse étudie l’accompagnement, en France, des personnes atteintes de maladie d’Alzheimer ou de maladie apparentée au sein des établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes. Elle articule trois niveaux d’enquête et d’analyse : investigation socio-historique des politiques publiques et de la pensée professionnelle relatives à ces établissements et à la place qu’y a pris la problématique de la maladie d’Alzheimer (et des maladies apparentées) ; enquête de type ethnographique dans un corpus restreint d’établissements ; élargissement de l’analyse à un niveau macrosociologique qui réinscrit le corpus restreint dans le contexte national.Face à la vision dominante, sectorielle et fondée sur l’« adaptation à une population cible », on découvre, en examinant l’expérience effective des professionnels et les choix assumés par les directions des établissements concernés, une réalité plus nuancée. Se révèle une pensée du « commun », avec le double enjeu de « tenir ensemble » la collectivité des résidents et de fournir un accompagnement de qualité pour tous. Deux modes d’accompagnement semblent s’opposer, dans un contexte de débats constants et d’occultation de réelles alternatives, l’un fondé sur la ségrégation des personnes atteintes de troubles cognitifs (accompagnement spécifique dans des espaces spécifiques, qui s’est largement imposé comme norme) et l’autre opposé à la ségrégation. Au-delà de cette opposition, l’accompagnement des personnes atteintes de troubles cognitifs se construit bien davantage dans une subtile dialectique fondée non seulement sur une hybridation de formes différentes d’aide et de soins, mais aussi sur l’invention de pratiques nouvelles. La norme est le spécifique, la pratique est l’invention. Il en résulte que non seulement la place faite aux résidents atteints de troubles cognitifs mais aussi la fonction sociale que peut remplir un accompagnement qui sache les compter s’avèrent ambivalents. Si l’étiquette attribuée à ces résidents soumet leur existence à des contraintes institutionnelles particulières, on observe en même temps qu’ils bénéficient d’un traitement privilégié dont les professionnels ont à coeur de faire profiter le plus grand nombre. L’accompagnement de la maladie d’Alzheimer y apparait alors comme porteur des potentialités d’un laboratoire de transformations valant pour l’ensemble des résidents. / This research studies dementia care in nursing home, in France. It articulates three levels of analysis : a socio-historical investigation of public policies and professionals thinking about the importance given to dementia in nursing homes; an ethnographic field survey in a limited corpus of nursing homes; an extension to a macro-sociological level to put this reality back into its national context.Facing the dominant sector-wide approach based on an “adaptation to a target population” model, by observing the experience of the professionals and the managers’ choices, we discover a more complex reality, fostered by a global approach which attempting to combine two issues: the cohabitation of the whole community of residents and the provision of good care for all. Two mains ways seem to be opposed, in a context of constant debates and occultations of alternatives, the first one based on segregation of people with dementia (specific care in special unit that is widely accepted as standard), the second one opposing this segregation. Beyond that, care is built as a subtle dialectic based not only on an hybridization of different forms of care but also on the creation of new practices. Specific is the standard, creation is the practice. As a result, the place given to people with dementia and the social function of a care that account them, are ambivalent. The label assigned to them submit their life to institutional constraints. In the same time, they receive a privileged treatment, that professionals want to extend to all residents. Dementia care appears then as a social laboratory for changes, applies for each residents.

Dans le domaine de la déficience intellectuelle, des relations de nature partenariale entre les parents et les intervenants sont maintenant souhaitées. D’ailleurs, les avantages d’établir un partenariat dans les relations entre les parents et les intervenants ne sont plus à démontrer. Pourtant, les écrits portant sur ce sujet dressent un portrait où le partenariat est plutôt absent des relations entre les intervenants et les parents. En situation d’hébergement, le partenariat entre les parents et les intervenants est encore plus pertinent puisqu’il constitue un facteur influençant positivement l’implication des parents auprès de leur enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Par contre, le sujet spécifique des relations entre les intervenants et les parents de personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle en contexte d’hébergement a été peu exploré dans les écrits. Dans le cadre du présent mémoire, une recherche qualitative a été menée afin de connaître la perception de parents d’adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle de leurs relations avec les intervenants dans un contexte d’hébergement. Dix parents ont donc été rencontrés en entrevue. Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de qualifier, à partir de la perception de parents, la nature des relations qu’ils entretiennent avec les intervenants et de cibler les facteurs qui influencent leurs relations. / In the mental retardation field, partnership relationships between parents and caregivers are now a must. In fact, the advantages of a partnership in the relationships between parents and caregivers no longer need to be validated. Still, written documents on this subject usually depict a picture of a partnership that is somewhat lacking in the relationships between the caregivers and the parents. This partnership between caregivers and parents is even more important in foster homes settings as it strongly influences the parents’ involvement in the life of their child with learning disabilities. However, the actual subject of relationships between caregivers and parents of adult children with mental retardation in foster homes settings has been seldom documented. This thesis required a qualitative research be made to better understand the perception of parents of adult children with mental retardation with respect to their relationship with the caregivers in a foster home setting. Ten parents were interviewed. The purpose of this research was to better qualify, according to the parents’ perception, the type of relationships they have with the caregivers and to identify the factors that influence these relationships. The results showed that most parents are satisfied with their relationships with their adult child’s caregivers. The description they give of their relationships brings us to conclude that there is in fact a partnership. From an ecological analysis, we have grouped these factors according to different systems. The familial systemic model also enabled us to analyze the factors at a deeper level. Amongst the identified factors, some are more important than others. First, there is the factor that caregivers recognize the importance of the parents’ contribution. Then, there is the factor that the parents notice a sense of well-being in their child. Finally, there is the factor that the parents are able to voice their point of view and their expectations.

Access to abstract restricted until 05/2017 / Access to thesis restricted until 05/2017 / School of Music

[pt] Esta dissertação propõe um estudo acerca da acentuação do controle dos corpos efetuado pelo regime farmacopornográfico (Paul B. Preciado) e sua produção de subjetividade, levando em conta a tensão entre as técnicas que compõem o que se habituou a chamar de humano e as invenções técnicas que se afastam do mesmo, das quais o bio-hackeamento e a intoxicação voluntária serão os exemplos analisados. Para isso, faz-se aqui um duplo movimento de investigação e experimentação dos conceitos de aliança intensiva (Deleuze e Guattari), ou alianças demoníacas (Viveiros de Castro), a partir de laços estratégicos possíveis entre os desumanizados pelo humanismo. Há também a proposição de uma alternativa ao humanismo levando adiante a provocação conceitual de Preciado de um animalismo por vir, em uma escrita especulativa que atravessa as obras de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (Metafísicas Canibais) e Paul B. Preciado (Testo Yonqui). / [en] This dissertation proposes a study on the accentuation of the control of the bodies effected by the pharmacopornographic regime (Paul B. Preciado) and its production of subjectivity taking into account the tension between the techniques that compound what we are accustomed to call human and the technical inventions that deviate from it, of which the biohacking and the voluntary intoxication will be the examples analyzed. For this, a double movement of investigation and experimentation of the concepts of intensive alliance (Deleuze and Guattari), or demonic alliance (Viveiros de Castro), possible strategic ties between the dehumanized by humanism, is necessary. There is also the proposition of an alternative to humanism taking forward the conceptual provocation of Preciado of an animalism to come, in a speculative writing that runs through the works of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (Cannibal Metaphysics) and Paul B. Preciado (Testo Junkie).