Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This Master's diploma thesis deals with the work of French playwright Molière, to be more precise, with types of characters in his plays. The thesis is not only based on Molière's main works Don Juan, Tartuffe or The Miser but it also studies characters in comedies like The Bourgeois Gentleman, Scapin's Deceits and others. It distinguishes two categories, major and minor characters. Nevertheless the attention is particularly focused on the minor characters. The goal of the thesis is to show what importance the characters have in Molière's plays and what is their role. Keywords: Classicism, Comedy, Molière, Character, French Drama, French Literature, Secondary Character

The work reflects one of the most popular fictional character of the first half of the 1930s, Pepina Rejholcová. Pepina Rejholcová, whose author Frantisek Voborsky, an important personality of Czech comics, has appeared in the Czech press at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s - first as a side character of humorous drawings or illustrations for popular song lyrics. Soon after, she reappeared on the silver screen, on pages of children's books, or in children's rooms in the form of toys and sweets. The transformations of the originally illustrated archetype caused by the switch among the various media are the center of interest for this work. In this context, the aspects of intermediality and transmediality are examined, both in special and general terms. It is mainly the extent to which the originally cartoon character changes, and whether the content of the message, the narrative patterns and the concept of humor is changing as well. In broader context, the work is a contribution to the theme of media and institutional integration. The work is divided into five parts and a conclusion. The first part outlines the theoretical viewpoints, the second part is devoted to Pepina Rejholcova's character, the third part reflects media representations, the fourth discusses essential characteristics of typical...

The aim of this dissertation was to critically analyse Terry Pratchett’s Johnny Maxwell trilogy in terms of three areas, namely Pratchett’s use of various fantasy techniques; how comedy and satire function as distancing mechanisms; and how fantasy and comedy function in accordance with Erikson’s and Bettelheim’s theories concerning identity formation in adolescent and child readers. The primary aim of this dissertation was therefore to provide a literary reading of Pratchett’s trilogy, Only You Can Save Mankind (1992), Johnny and the Dead (1993) and Johnny and the Bomb (1996). However, it also acknowledges the possible didactic and developmental benefits of the books. The trilogy is entertaining, exciting, witty and child-friendly (Baldry cited in Butler, James and Mendlesohn, 2004:41), but it is also clear that Pratchett endeavours to challenge his child readers by presenting everyday situations from foreign and unusual perspectives. This dissertation argues that, as Baldry states, Pratchett ‘expands the thinking of his young readers with new ideas or unconventional ways of looking at familiar ideas’ which will ultimately help them consider their own lives in alternative and perhaps even more meaningful ways (quoted in Butler, James and Mendlesohn, 2004:41). The idea of ‘distancing techniques’ is vital for this study, because it proposes that readers can be transported from their Primary Realities (in which they live and function on a daily basis) into Secondary Realities or worlds which are unlike the Primary Reality in form and composition, but not unlike them in the way they function. Once this removal has taken place, bibliotherapists argue that readers are able to look back upon their primary world with new insight into their sense of industry and identity and also into the way their primary reality functions and the way they function within it. J.R.R. Tolkien (1985:35) explains that ‘…fact becomes that which is manipulated by the fantasy writer to produce a keener perception of the primary world and a greater ability to survive in it’. Owing to Pratchett’s specific comic brand of fantasy, a discussion of his comic and satiric techniques is also presented. Part of this discussion again concentrates on the ability of comedy to act as a distancing mechanism, while another discusses how Pratchett uses comedy to satirise certain aspects of society. As Bergson (1911:17) states in his book, Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic, laughter is a way of ‘correcting men’s manners’. Pratchett thus makes use of various comic techniques to mock and ridicule certain features of society, such as its obsession with television, its materialism, or its obsession with computer games. This research is important as the fantasy genre is often considered to be mere popular fiction, to which parents and school teachers are frequently averse. However, with the increase in sales of fantasy works over the past decade, especially in adolescent and children’s fantasy, study of the genre and its possible influence on readers is becoming increasingly necessary. This dissertation undertakes to show that fantasy works can be both complex and satisfying literary works while they also have a positive influence on child readers. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / English / unrestricted

The purpose of this thesis is to make available to those interested in the Cornedia of the Spanish Golden Age an introduction to the Bandit plays. The list of plays makes no claim at being exhaustive. I have incorporated in the text well-known plays and some unknown plays. The method used in identifying bandit plays was to examine collections of the works of famous playwrights such as Calderon, Tirso and Lope. Those plays which, in the dramatis personnae, called for bandoleros, salteadores or facinerosos were read for the purpose of establishing whether they could be used for this study. Bandit plays, and banditry, have received minimal attention from scholars, studies of the theme limited to a few articles. This neglect is unfortunate because the bandit play forms an entire sub-genre of the Cornedia of the Golden Age and a study of this sub-genre will provide a further insight into the function of the many-faceted Cornedia. The plays discussed in this thesis follow a definite pattern. Within the limits of an M.A. thesis my intention is to illustrate and analyze on a basic level the salient literary conventions common to the bandit plays. This I attempt to do by giving a systematic, but brief, plot analysis of each play, drawing conclusions from the common elements which emerge. In order that this study be placed in a proper context, I have included a brief discussion of historical and possible literary sources for the figure of the bandolero and bandolera. It is my strong conviction that this modus operandi is of considerable value in enabling us to arrive at an interpretation of the figure of the bandit within the Cornedia. Once the bandit is seen within his historical context -- and it is evident that this topic requires more attention and research by historians -- any changes that the playwright makes to the figure of the historical bandit will be significant in reaching an interpretation of the Cornedia Bandolera. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

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Antonio Pietrangeli (1919-1968) est une figure incontournable du paysage cinématographique italien, en tant que critique tout au long des années 1940, puis comme réalisateur à partir de 1953. Formé par les débats critiques qui ont accompagné l’élaboration du néoréalisme, il place son premier film (Le Soleil dans les yeux, 1953) sous les auspices d’une saison néoréaliste finissante, ensuite réélaborée à travers un réalisme conçu sous les termes de la perte et de l’inachèvement, dont on trouve un écho dans son attention à la condition féminine. La présente étude propose une première monographie en langue française sur l’œuvre de Pietrangeli, conduite d’après l’ambition d’établir un dialogue entre son œuvre critique et filmique. L’hypothèse d’une pensée pietrangelienne du réalisme cinématographique, en mettant au jour des modalités de pensée spécifiques à la critique et la création, permet d’établir un dialogue dans lequel la question réaliste apparaît comme un outil conceptuel, qui éclaire la contribution de Pietrangeli à l’élaboration d’une modernité cinématographique. Les trois premiers chapitres retracent un « combat réaliste » qui s’inscrit pleinement dans l’historiographie du néoréalisme italien et se caractérise par sa spécificité morale. Elle annonce une transition épistémologique d’après laquelle la pensée du cinéma s’éloigne d’une tradition idéaliste au profit de perspectives existentielles, incarnées dans une filmographie où le réel, devenu objet de doute, dessine une phénoménologie sceptique que nous aborderons dans les quatrième et cinquième chapitres. / Antonio Pietrangeli (1919-1968) has been a prominent figure in Italian cinema, as a critic throughout the 1940’s and as a director from 1953. As an actor in the critical debates during the elaboration of neorealism, Pietrangeli places his first film (Empty Eyes, 1953) under the auspices of a neorealist ending season. This style will evolve afterwards towards a realism conceived under the concepts of loss and incompleteness, which is particularly visible in the light of his concern to the condition of women. The present study proposes the first french-language monography about the work of Pietrangeli, with the ambition to establish a dialogue between his critical and filmic work. The hypothesis of a Pietrangelian conception of cinematographic realism, by revealing specific relations between critics and creation, established a dialogue where the realistic question appears as a conceptual tool, which enlightens Pietrangeli's contribution to the elaboration of a cinematic modernism. The first three chapters trace back a "realistic struggle", which is fully part of Italian neorealism’s historiography, and is characterized by its moral specificity. It announces an epistemological transition, meaning that the conception of cinema moves away from an idealistic tradition in favor of existential perspectives, embodied in a filmography where reality, becoming questionable, indicates a skeptical phenomenology, which constitutes the core of the fourth and fifth chapters.

Este proyecto nace ante las dificultades por las que, en este año, todo el pueblo peruano está atravesando, que es el Covid - 19. En tales parámetros, hemos considerado que toda actividad comercial realizada a través del canal tradicional se vería afectado al menos durante el presente año 2020. Entonces, viendo tal situación, optamos por una alternativa la cual es referida al canal virtual. Es ahí cuando nace TicketAzo, que es una plataforma web que le brinda a los usuarios, streamings referidos a teatros musicales. Por ende, en el siguiente trabajo, presentamos todas las investigaciones que se realizaron para poder viabilizar este negocio. Para tal fin, hemos tomado las consideraciones en materia de marketing, diseño, recursos humanos, presupuestos, resultados y estimaciones. Asimismo, mostramos en efecto que, para este rubro, existen ciertos pasos que deben realizarse, tanto legales, estratégicos y operacionales. Para ello, acudimos a fuentes confiables como páginas web del Estado, entrevistas a expertos que nos permitieron llegar a la conclusión de realizar las transmisiones a través de una plataforma web. Además, las estrategias que desarrollamos apuntan a resultados tanto para el corto y largo plazo, los cuales también incluyen a los prospectos financieros destinados como gastos o inversiones para poder incrementar nuestra demanda y estabilidad en el mercado. Respecto a los conceptos operacionales, buscamos optimizar todo tipo de actividad de comprometa un sobrecosto. / This project was born due to the difficulties that the entire Peruvian people are going through this year, which is Covid - 19. In these parameters, we have considered that all commercial activity carried out through the traditional channel would be affected at least during the present year 2020. So, seeing such a situation, we opted for an alternative which is referred to the virtual channel. That's when Ticketazo was born, which is a web platform that provides users with streams referring to musical theatres. Therefore, in the following work, we present all the investigations that were carried out to make this business viable. To this end, we have taken the considerations in terms of marketing, design, human resources, budgets, results and estimates. Likewise, we show in effect that, for this item, there are certain steps that must be carried out, both legal, strategic and operational. To do this, we went to reliable sources such as State web pages, interviews with experts that allowed us to reach the conclusion of making the transmissions through a web platform. In addition, the strategies we develop aim at results for both the short and long term, which also include financial prospects intended as expenses or investments in order to increase our demand and stability in the market. Regarding operational concepts, we seek to optimize all types of activity to commit an extra cost. / Trabajo de investigación

History welcomed the screwball comedy genre in 1934, a time where cinema was in urgent need of providing escapism to audiences victim of the Great Depression. Screwball films, therefore, chose to underline the distinction between social classes and to emphasise on the imperfections of the upper class. The following thesis aims to determine how Depression screwballs (screwball comedies released from 1934 to 1938) used their narrative power to establish this distinction between opposed social classes and how this reflects the undeniable importance of an overlooked genre. It is with a socio-historical approach, personal analyses and observations, that the following research has been conducted. In conclusion, it has been recognised that the genre drew its importance, not only in the way it represents social classes but also how it depicts their mutual interactions, therefore forming a significant whole.

The Story Art and Tech merges storytelling and technology together to elucidate the animated filmmaking process for readers who are interested in animation. The author's path to animation director is traced from beginning to end starting with writing ideas and moving on to forming storyboards and animatics to completing animations for the screen. Two 3D short animated films and three storyboards with animatics are presented. A storyboard primarily shows the audience the thought process of storytelling; it previsualizes a script or an idea. It is then narrated into moving images called animatics; a preliminary version of a film. Animatics are important references for animators to animate shots and characters. Eventually the rest of the animation pipeline makes it into a final product: an animated film. As an artist who writes stories and animates them with 3D technology, presenting how a storyboard is made into an animated film is the most immediate way to inform the audience of this process with entertaining stories. In this paper, an extended discussion of the author's creative thought and development processes are presented with two distinct parts: storytelling and technology. / Master of Fine Arts / The Story Art and Tech shows how storyboards are made into movies. The author utilizes storytelling and media technology together such as 3D animation and game-engine rendering. It is the author's intention to make entertaining animated movies for the audience as a prospective animation director. When a director comes up with a movie script or an idea, the quickest way to visualize it is to sketch it out on a storyboard. This profession is called a 'story artist.' Story artists simplify characters and backgrounds on the boards to catch a glimpse of the final movie. To make the storyboards more detailed, story artists make them into 'animatics', which show more animated images and characters. Animatics are then taken by the 'animators' to animate everything in the final phase which is eventually produced as an animated film. In entirety, concept arts, storyboards, and animatics are presented together to show the audience the 'behind the scenes' of animated films. This helps them understand the thought process of the author and how she moved from story idea to completed animation. In this paper, the journey of a filmmaker in the animation field is extensively discussed.