The thesis consists of detailed commentary on the first 201 lines of Catullus 64, together with an edited text and apparatus criticus. It represents about half a planned commentary on the whole poem, which will also include an introduction. The commentary begins by discussing the poem’s Argonautic opening, its use of allusion to negotiate generic relationships with epic and tragedy, and its exploration of narrative, pictorial and first-person ‘lyric’ modes. As the narrative jumps to Peleus’ wedding, the commentary examines the complicated moral signals about Roman luxury and the golden age sent by the description of the gleaming palace surrounded by abandoned fields. The transition to the description of Ariadne prompts an examination of how this ‘disobedient’ ecphrasis emphasises details that a picture could not literally convey, together with an analysis of the male narrator’s objectifying presentation of a woman in distress. The ecphrasis proper is then disrupted by a ‘flashback’ covering Ariadne’s first encounter with Theseus and his fight with the Minotaur: the commentary explores the ways in which shifting focalisation complicates the reader’s judgement of Theseus’ heroism. Finally, the thesis looks at Ariadne’s speech as an intertextual node, investigating the meanings generated by its relationships with other speeches from both earlier and later in Greek and Roman poetic traditions, and examining how each theme or topos is used in this particular situation both by the alluding poet and by Ariadne herself. More discursive notes introducing the various sections are interspersed with shorter lemmata considering textual, metrical, linguistic and cultural-historical issues as well as literary interpretation. The commentary aims both to open up the possibilities of meaning offered by individual words and phrases, and to advance critical understanding of key aspects of the whole poem, such as its narratorial voice, engagement with visuality and place in literary history.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of news commentary on the image of political candidates. Subjects were exposed to a political debate, which was followed by three experimental manipulations of a news commentary. One group saw a commentary biased toward one candidate and against the other. In a second group the bias was reversed. A third experimental group saw a neutral commentary and the control group viewed the debate but no commentary. The primary statistical analyses used were a multivariate analysis of variance, a multiple discriminant analysis and a factor analysis. The results indicated that the commentary did have some effects on the perception of the candidates' images. Furthermore, the commentaries affected the amount of the candidates' message which was recalled by the subjects, and cued the subjects to recall specific issues which were mentioned in the commentaries. Finally, the factor analysis indicated certain characteristics of the images of political candidates.

There are many forms of humor. Irreverent, dark, and black humor have been used throughout history for social commentary. Irony, parody, sarcasm, and satire can break through preconceived notions, barriers and the tensions we experience when confronted with uncomfortable issues such as bigotry, elitism, and genetic superiority. Humor provides an opportunity for a release of tension giving way to a more receptive audience and a more effective message. My thesis is an exploration of the use of irreverent, dark, annd black humor as vehicles for effective social commentary in communication design.

O objetivo desta dissertação é descrever alguns aspectos linguísticos da narração de futebol transmitida por rádio. Para isso, utilizei a partida que gravei (entre outras) disputada pelas equipes do Corinthians-SP e do Flamengo-RJ realizada em 2013, narrada por Deva Pascovici para a rádio CBN. Dessa gravação, o segundo tempo do jogo foi sincronizado com as imagens da transmissão televisiva emitida pela TV Bandeirantes. Realizei essa sincronização no software ELAN, desenvolvido pelo Instituto Max Planck de Psicolinguística. Nesse mesmo software, transcrevi as falas tanto do narrador como dos comentaristas e repórteres. Também as imagens foram transcritas, por meio de um sistema de trilhas que elaborei para as informações visuais baseado no sistema de transcrição desenvolvido pelo Laboratório Linguagem, Interação, Cognição para línguas sinalizadas e outras semióticas visuais (McCleary & Viotti, 2007; McCleary et al., 2010). Os aspectos linguísticos descritos neste trabalho dizem respeito a elementos dos eventos de fala para além do conteúdo segmental como faceta relevante dos processos de significação da narração. Nesse sentido, descrevo o encadeamento dos enquadramentos de visualização (Langacker, 2001) e a prosódia como unidades linguísticas em uma visão mais ampla da narração e os usos da expressão pra fora e do verbo sair ao aproximar o foco dos processos de construal (Langacker, 2000, 2008; Taylor, 2002). Esta dissertação mostra que a narração de eventos em tempo real para um ouvinte que não os presencia necessita não apenas dos conhecimentos compartilhados entre falante e ouvinte sobre o contexto de produção da narração, mas também de estratégias específicas para convencionalizar unidades linguísticas para além do uso corriqueiro da língua. / This dissertation describes some linguistic aspects of football (soccer) radio live commentary. The broadcast of a match between the Corinthians-SP and Flamengo-RJ teams, which occurred in 2013, was recorded live. The main commentator was Deva Pascovic, on CBN radio station. The second half of that match was synchronized with the television shootage, exhibited by TV Bandeirantes. That synchronization was made on the ELAN software, developed by the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. On the same software, a transcription of the speech from the live commentator as well as from other commentators and reporters was made. The video shootage was also transcribed, through a tiers system developed during this study for visual information on football TV broadcast based on the transcription system under development in the Language, Interaction, Cognition Lab at the University of São Paulo (McCleary & Viotti, 2007; McCleary et al., 2010). Some linguistic aspects described in this study are related to speech events elements beyond the segmental content as relevant facets of the signifying process in football live commentary. The study describes then the sequencing of viewing frames (Langacker, 2001) and prosody as linguistic unities in a broader view of the live commentaries and usage events of the expressions pra fora and sair when the research focus was approximated to the construal (Langacker, 2000, 2008; Taylor, 2002) processes. We show that events live commentary made to a listener who does not experience them in presence needs not only shared knowledge beteween speaker and hearer about the speaking event context, but also specific strategies in order to conventionalize linguistic unities that go beyond the language usage of everyday.

The purpose of this essay is to examine how movies portray Judaism in movies made for a large audience. The study used four movies ranging from the year 2009-2018 and that were categorized in different genres with the aim of investigating how relationships that involve people from different religious backgrounds get into conflicts and how these are resolved. The study’s main research question was why the characters in the movies get involved with conflict regarding religion and a textual analysis where the movies functioned as text was used as the method. To present the results the method of excerpt commentary units as known by Emerson was used. The analysis showed that one of the reasons why conflicts are created regarding Judaism is because one part of the relationship lacks in knowledge regarding the religion. Because of this the person ridicules and makes derogatory comments to the other person in the relationship, to the point where conflict is created because the other person in the relationship does not feel respected. The study also showed that these particular conflicts were resolved by the person learning more about the others religion which lead to a more understanding standpoint in the relationship. The analysis also showed that another big reason for conflict in the relationships regarding Judaism was that both parties felt pressure from outside sources, such as family, friends or other significant people. This caused the relationship to suffer because neither person in the relationship would stand up to these outside forces and instead they took it out on the relationship.

O objetivo desta dissertação é descrever alguns aspectos linguísticos da narração de futebol transmitida por rádio. Para isso, utilizei a partida que gravei (entre outras) disputada pelas equipes do Corinthians-SP e do Flamengo-RJ realizada em 2013, narrada por Deva Pascovici para a rádio CBN. Dessa gravação, o segundo tempo do jogo foi sincronizado com as imagens da transmissão televisiva emitida pela TV Bandeirantes. Realizei essa sincronização no software ELAN, desenvolvido pelo Instituto Max Planck de Psicolinguística. Nesse mesmo software, transcrevi as falas tanto do narrador como dos comentaristas e repórteres. Também as imagens foram transcritas, por meio de um sistema de trilhas que elaborei para as informações visuais baseado no sistema de transcrição desenvolvido pelo Laboratório Linguagem, Interação, Cognição para línguas sinalizadas e outras semióticas visuais (McCleary & Viotti, 2007; McCleary et al., 2010). Os aspectos linguísticos descritos neste trabalho dizem respeito a elementos dos eventos de fala para além do conteúdo segmental como faceta relevante dos processos de significação da narração. Nesse sentido, descrevo o encadeamento dos enquadramentos de visualização (Langacker, 2001) e a prosódia como unidades linguísticas em uma visão mais ampla da narração e os usos da expressão pra fora e do verbo sair ao aproximar o foco dos processos de construal (Langacker, 2000, 2008; Taylor, 2002). Esta dissertação mostra que a narração de eventos em tempo real para um ouvinte que não os presencia necessita não apenas dos conhecimentos compartilhados entre falante e ouvinte sobre o contexto de produção da narração, mas também de estratégias específicas para convencionalizar unidades linguísticas para além do uso corriqueiro da língua. / This dissertation describes some linguistic aspects of football (soccer) radio live commentary. The broadcast of a match between the Corinthians-SP and Flamengo-RJ teams, which occurred in 2013, was recorded live. The main commentator was Deva Pascovic, on CBN radio station. The second half of that match was synchronized with the television shootage, exhibited by TV Bandeirantes. That synchronization was made on the ELAN software, developed by the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. On the same software, a transcription of the speech from the live commentator as well as from other commentators and reporters was made. The video shootage was also transcribed, through a tiers system developed during this study for visual information on football TV broadcast based on the transcription system under development in the Language, Interaction, Cognition Lab at the University of São Paulo (McCleary & Viotti, 2007; McCleary et al., 2010). Some linguistic aspects described in this study are related to speech events elements beyond the segmental content as relevant facets of the signifying process in football live commentary. The study describes then the sequencing of viewing frames (Langacker, 2001) and prosody as linguistic unities in a broader view of the live commentaries and usage events of the expressions pra fora and sair when the research focus was approximated to the construal (Langacker, 2000, 2008; Taylor, 2002) processes. We show that events live commentary made to a listener who does not experience them in presence needs not only shared knowledge beteween speaker and hearer about the speaking event context, but also specific strategies in order to conventionalize linguistic unities that go beyond the language usage of everyday.

A noção de comentário está intrinsecamente ligada ao trabalho de editar textos, que era feito em bibliotecas antigas, como a de Alexandria, e aos compêndios de gramática, que sistematizavam os conceitos utilizados para a leitura dos textos. Além disso, esse material de anotações e explicações era utilizado no ambiente escolar, como um apoio elucidativo de passagens obscuras, de palavras e costumes antigos, de mitos e histórias e de usos gramaticais, por exemplo. Entre os autores que passaram pelo crivo dos comentadores e que, então, faziam parte do programa escolar, está Vergílio, como nos indica Quintiliano, na Instituição Oratória. Assim, os Comentários de Sérvio Honorato ao Canto VI, da Eneida nos possibilitam conhecer um pouco do trabalho feito nas bibliotecas, acerca das edições e leituras dos textos, dos autores estudados nas escolas e da forma como eles eram lidos. De modo mais específico, esses Comentários trazem-nos informações valiosas sobre costumes, histórias e a filosofia que vigoraram entre os mais antigos / The notion of commenting is intrinsically related to the work of editing texts developed in ancient libraries, such as the Alexandria Library, and to grammar textbooks, which systematized concepts used in text reading. These notes and explanations were also used in schools as a support to clarify obscure passages, words and ancient customs, myths, tales and grammatical usages, for instance. Among the authors examined by commentators and who were on the syllabus at the time is Vergil, as Quintilian quotes in Institutio Oratoria. So the commentaries of Servius Honoratus on Aeneid \"Book VI\" enable us to acquire some knowledge on the work developed in libraries involving editions and the readings of texts, the authors who were studied in schools, taking into consideration the way they were read at that time. Particularly, these Commentaries give us some precious information on a set of topics invaluable for the members of that ancient society

Esta dissertação de mestrado versa sobre as diferentes formas com que a série televisiva americana House of Cards (Netflix, Beau Willimon, 2013-) interage e se comunica com seu público e sua época. Tendo como tema um inescrupuloso casal de políticos que escala os degraus do poder na capital dos Estados Unidos, a série trabalha na intersecção entre modalidades de manter a atenção do espectador, a produção de comentário político, e os imperativos comerciais da distribuição televisiva. Sendo o primeiro exemplar de um seriado distribuído por uma plataforma online de streaming, incentiva também questões quanto a inovação trazida pelo modo de exibição ao formato seriado. Dessa forma, o trabalho se inicia analisando o uso particular de apartes dramáticos pelo protagonista, que ao se dirigir diretamente aos espectadores os fisga para dentro da diegese e os estimula a continuar assistindo à série, enquanto co-conspiradores de suas tramas. O texto passa em seguida para uma interpretação do comentário político promovido pelo programa a partir de mecanismos melodramáticos, comentário que para ser efetivo necessita trazer para a diegese elementos extradiegéticos que assemelham a ficção ao mundo real e a familiarizam ao espectador. Ao mesmo tempo, internautas e jornalistas se apropriam dessa ficção para o comentário de sua época, demonstrando a reciprocidade entre mundos ficcionais e a realidade da qual comentam e aonde participam. Finalmente, é analisado a relação entre o formato seriado que estrutura o programa e a plataforma online de streaming que o distribui, indagando o quanto que modos de exibição que estimulam a fruição concentrada de produtos seriados inovam o conhecido formato, enquanto que o mesmo auxilia na promoção de novas formas de distribuição e exibição. / This Master\'s dissertation delves into the different ways with which the television series House of Cards (Netflix, Beau Willimon, 2013-) interacts and communicates with its audience and time. Having as theme an unscrupulous couple of politicians that climb the steps of power in the United States capital, the series works in the intersection between methods of keeping the spectator\'s attention, the production of a political commentary, and the commercial imperatives of television distribution. Being the first example of a series distributed by an online streaming platform, it also stimulates questions regarding the innovation brought to the serial form by this mode of exhibition. This way, this study starts by analyzing the particular use of dramatic asides by the protagonist, in which as he addresses directly to his audience he hooks them into the diegesis and stimulates them to continue watching the show, as co-conspirators to its schemes. It then moves on to an interpretation of the political commentary promoted by the show through melodramatic mechanisms, commentary that to be effective needs to bring into the story extradiegetic elements that resemble the fiction with the real world and familiarize the audience. At the same time, internet users and journalists appropriate this same fiction to comment on their own conjuncture, showing the reciprocity between fictional worlds and the reality that they comment on and which they participate in. Finally, it is analyzed the relationship between the serial form that structures the show and the online streaming platform that distributes it, inquiring on how much modes of exhibition that stimulate concentrated viewing of serial products innovate this known format, inasmuch as this format helps the promotion of new modes of distribution and exhibition.

This thesis supports the Master of Arts exhibition entitled "Figurative Sculpture and Social Commentary" at the Slocumb Gallery located on the campus of East Tennessee State University in Johnson City, Tennessee, from April 10 - April 14, 2006. This is an exploration of human form in sculpture and the use of representational human form to make comments about society.

Researchers have tried to demonstrate the effectiveness of written teacher feedback over the course of the last sixty years, and the results are inconclusive. Many studies point to improvement on subsequent drafts as evidence of student improvement; however, this only indicates students' abilities to follow directions. It is not an indication of autonomous writing ability. This study demonstrates that with proper curriculum support high school students can develop intentional transferability (the autonomous, intentional transferring of writing skills to varied rhetorical situations) throughout the course of one academic year without receiving any teacher written feedback.