The sport of cycling is an ever expanding global phenomenon, drawing crowds in their thousands to watch the races unfold. Its community has a distinct vocabulary, with many terms borrowed from several other languages, principally French. This study investigates the presence of French loanwords in the language of English cycling commentators, and to what extent these loanwords are used in comparison to their English equivalents. It also examines extra-linguistic factors that could affect the commentator’s choice of vocabulary, mainly the location of the race. The study investigated the language of English commentators from live broadcast of 6 different races: 2 located in English speaking countries, 2 in France, and 2 countries where neither French nor English was the native language. All utterances of French loanwords and their English counterparts were noted and collected for analysis. The findings demonstrated a clear presence of French loanwords in the language of the commentators, with a varying degree of frequency. Some loanwords were preferred over their English equivalents, whilst others were not. The location did not seem to have a significant impact on the choice of vocabulary, with the exception of the only race held outside of Europe, where the commentators demonstrated a clear preference for English terminology over French loanwords. The analysis concluded that many different extra-linguistic factors may play a role in the commentator’s choice of vocabulary.

The aim of this study was to look at English media football commentary and find out what metaphors are used and what purpose they serve. To this end, match reports of two Premier League matches in eight different English newspapers have been used. The metaphors found therein have been analysed and compared to current theories of metaphor forms and function. In these match reports both structural, ontological and orientational metaphors exist. They are drawn from a wide variety of source domains, although the domains of physical fight, military conflict and animal behaviour are particularly prominent. The function of metaphor in this context seems primarily to be to interpret facts in a way that make them palatable to the reader.

A noção de comentário está intrinsecamente ligada ao trabalho de editar textos, que era feito em bibliotecas antigas, como a de Alexandria, e aos compêndios de gramática, que sistematizavam os conceitos utilizados para a leitura dos textos. Além disso, esse material de anotações e explicações era utilizado no ambiente escolar, como um apoio elucidativo de passagens obscuras, de palavras e costumes antigos, de mitos e histórias e de usos gramaticais, por exemplo. Entre os autores que passaram pelo crivo dos comentadores e que, então, faziam parte do programa escolar, está Vergílio, como nos indica Quintiliano, na Instituição Oratória. Assim, os Comentários de Sérvio Honorato ao Canto VI, da Eneida nos possibilitam conhecer um pouco do trabalho feito nas bibliotecas, acerca das edições e leituras dos textos, dos autores estudados nas escolas e da forma como eles eram lidos. De modo mais específico, esses Comentários trazem-nos informações valiosas sobre costumes, histórias e a filosofia que vigoraram entre os mais antigos / The notion of commenting is intrinsically related to the work of editing texts developed in ancient libraries, such as the Alexandria Library, and to grammar textbooks, which systematized concepts used in text reading. These notes and explanations were also used in schools as a support to clarify obscure passages, words and ancient customs, myths, tales and grammatical usages, for instance. Among the authors examined by commentators and who were on the syllabus at the time is Vergil, as Quintilian quotes in Institutio Oratoria. So the commentaries of Servius Honoratus on Aeneid \"Book VI\" enable us to acquire some knowledge on the work developed in libraries involving editions and the readings of texts, the authors who were studied in schools, taking into consideration the way they were read at that time. Particularly, these Commentaries give us some precious information on a set of topics invaluable for the members of that ancient society

My thesis aims to present the Czech translation of excerpts from two novels by Srđan Valjarević, a contemporary Serbian author, and their translatological analysis. The first translational part deals with Valjarević's debut novel Leaf on a Breadcrust (1990, List nakorici hleba), the second introduces his latest work to date, Lake Como (2007, Komo). Valjarević's fiction has not been presented yet to the Czech audience by means of translation. The core of my thesis lies in two chapters: the first one is devoted to the author's biography and a comprehensive summary of his published work; the second one contains translations and commentaries of the selected excerpts.

Within the Folds is a 70,000 word novel where prehistory and the near future meet together in a narrative examining the forces of evolution and duration. The work particularly focuses on the conceptual changes taking place in parenting models as biomedical science gives opportunities to reproductive paradigms which were previously impossible. Taking the premise that developments in human engineering are unstoppable, I explore the transgenic boundaries between 'natural evolution' and proactive human design, conceptually and thematically, as new models of gender roles within family life become inevitable.

Dans notre thèse de doctorat, nous avons publié presque intégralement l’édition critique commentée de l’exégèse au Bucolicum carmen de Pétrarque réalisée par Francesco Piendibeni de Montepulciano, humaniste italien du Trecento tardif. L’exégèse, achevée à Pérouse en 1394, est conservée dans le manuscrit autographe Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 1729. Dans son ensemble, l’oeuvre est restée jusqu’à aujourd’hui inédite : seul Antonio Avena, en 1906, a fourni une simple transcription, partielle et imparfaite, de quelques gloses. Notre édition a l’ambition d’être novatrice : non seulement elle établit et analyse de manière critique un texte resté longtemps méconnu, mais elle permet aussi d’approfondir la connaissance du poème bucolique de Pétrarque, de mieux évaluer sa réception auprès des érudits qui lui ont succédé et d’éclairer la connaissance de la tradition exégétique du premier Humanisme. Une source fondamentale pour Piendibeni est le commentaire au Bucolicum carmen réalisé par Benvenuto da Imola : nous enavons fourni une transcription inédite tirée du manuscrit Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 8700. Enfin, nous avons mis à jour la liste des manuscrits connus qui appartinrent à Piendibeni et reconstruit ainsi pour la première fois de manière approfondie sa bibliothèque. / This doctoral thesis presents, almost in its entirety, the critical edition with commentary of the exegesis of Petrarch’s Bucolicum carmen by Francesco Piendibeni of Montepulciano, an Italian humanist of the late Trecento. The exegesis, completed in Perugia in 1394, is preserved in the autograph manuscript Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 1729. The work as a whole has remained unpublished until today; only Antonio Avena, in 1906, provided a simpletranscription, partial and imperfect, of some glosses. The edition contained in this thesis aims at being innovative; in effect, it not only establishes and critically analyses a text which has remained unknown for a long time, but also makes it possible to delve deeper into the knowledge of Petrarch’s bucolic poem, to better assess how it was received by the scholars who came after him and to shed light on the exegetical tradition of early Humanism. A fundamental source for Piendibeni was Benvenuto da Imola’s commentary on the Bucolicum carmen; an unpublished transcription is provided here, based on the manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 8700. Finally, the list of known manuscripts belonging to Piendibeni has been updated, so that, for the first time, his library has been exhaustively reconstructed.

The oratorio August 4, 1964 is a twelve-movement work for orchestra, chorus, and four soloists written by Steven Stucky. The premise for the libretto, adapted by Gene Scheer, is the confluence of two events during one day (August 4, 1964) in the life of Lyndon B. Johnson. Although the main idea of the libretto focuses on these two events of this one day, many cultural references of the 1960's in general can be found as well, such as quotations from the well-known song "We Shall Overcome." Stucky borrows from a motet he wrote in 2005 for another quotation source utilized in this oratorio, "O Vos Omnes." My goal in this thesis is to reveal and analyze the many different levels of quotations that exist within August 4, 1964, to explore each quotation's individual function within the oratorio (as a cultural gesture, commentary or remembrance), and to examine the structural coherence that emerges as a result of their use within the oratorio.

This thesis seeks to analyze the Homeric allusions in the Aethiopica with an inclusive definition to explore Heliodorus’ authorial motives. To approach this project, I use textual analysis to avoid arguments rooted in assumptions of the historical context of the novel, about which we know almost nothing. I explore how links to Homer’s Odyssey are visible within the structural organization of the text and the content of the text. I also explore how the content of the novel reproduces actions and compatible settings of Odyssean characters, which therefore qualifies Heliodorus’ characters in a metaliterary commentary with Homer’s archaic epic poem. The division of Odyssean actions and traits depicted in Heliodorus’ characters introduce a new addition to the heroic legacy established by Homer and distances the hero from Greek identity. I conclude that Heliodorus’ adherences to epic conventions and departures thereof inform the subtextual commentaries conveyed in the Aethiopica.

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This thesis explores causal attribution statements on performance outcomes given in annual reports of UK listed rms. The objectives are three-fold. First, it analyses the nature and extent of attribution statements provided. Second, it explores corporate governance factors and rm-speci c characteristics that are related to the provision of attribution statements. Finally, it investigates the economic consequences of providing attribution statements by examining their association with the rm's cost of equity capital. Using data drawn from a sample of 142 UK rms listed on the London Stock Exchange, content analysis was used to measure the extent of attributions in the annual reports for the year 2006. The results show that the volume of attribution statement provision is generally low and variation across rms is low. Firms also show a strong tendency to explain performance with internal rather than with external reasons. The results from regression analysis show that the volume of attribution statements and the space given to internal and external attribution statements is associated with the proportion of non-executive directors, director share ownership, audit committee size, market value, gearing, pro tability and new share issues. With respect to the relationship between the attribution statements and the cost of capital, the PEG model was employed to estimate the cost of equity capital. The ndings indicate an association between attribution statement provision and the cost of equity capital, but only for rms with low analyst following. For these rms, more extensive performance explanations and more extensive internal explanations are associated with a higher cost of equity capital. However, attribution statements are unrelated to the cost of equity capital for rms with high analyst following. The thesis makes two contributions in the area of attribution determinants. First, it measures attribution provision with a measure that has not been previously applied in the literature to measure attribution statements. Second, it provides evidence on how rm-speci c characteristics and the rm's corporate governance mechanisms in uence the extent and the type of performance explanations provided by rms. The thesis makes four contributions regarding the e ect of attribution statements on the cost of capital. First, it uses a quantitative approach to directly estimate the cost of capital e ects of attribution statements. Second, it provides evidence that the association between attribution statements and the cost of equity capital is in uenced by an interaction between attribution statements and analyst following. Third, the thesis provides the rst evidence of the relationship between attribution statements and the cost of equity capital in a UK setting. Fourth, it provides evidence that the relationship between disclosure and the cost of equity capital is complex and is in uenced by interactions between disclosure and information intermediaries.