本文係研究左傳「君子曰」之各有關問題，共一冊，約八萬字，分六章三十二節。 第一章緒論，敘述本文之研究動機及方法，並考辨「君子曰」之真偽。 第二章「君子曰」之形成，則依其引用方式之不同分為「直接引述」、「間接稱引」 兩者，並分項舉例說明之。 第三章「君子曰」之內容，依評論之重點，分為解經、預言、為政之道、為君之道、 為臣之道、交鄰國之道及論禮、義、信、仁孝、自處之道等，以明其與左傳所論實無 不同也。 第四章「君子曰」之立場與精神，先就其評論之經學立場及其所涵之意義加以分析， 次則以之與左傳所引之「仲尼曰」及公羊、穀梁二傳比較，以明其間之異同，再次則 引述前人之論「君子曰」者，釋其疑難，以明君子之評論非泛泛為之也。 第五章君子之學養，係就其評論引經之情形加以敘述，並論其評論之特色，以明君子 之學養焉。 第六章結論，縷述本文研究之結果，以知左傳乃「事義兼傳」；而由其評論立場，或 可推定其戶書時期不在戰國後期；由其所論與孔子相合，可知其亦為解經之作；而由 其體例，可知左傳於孔子「寓經於史」之義，亦有所發揚也。

The introduction contains separate studies of the manuscripts, their orthographies, the rhymes, metre and treatment of source material. Both the orthographic studies and the rhyme—grammar reveal Athis to be a CG poem with no real evidence of Rhenish provenance. The metrical studies, dealing with vowel collision and units of one and three syllables, show how the <u>Athis</u> poet pursued various legitimate rhythmic options in his attempt to introduce variation to the tedium of regular alternation. The most positive results emerge from the comparison of <u>Athis</u> with its OF source, the <u>Roman d'Athis</u>. The dependence of the German text on the OF poem can be proved through misunderstandings of lines and part—lines of the <u>Rd'A</u> enshrined in proper names in the German text. By far the most important aspect of the German poet's adaptation is his sense of history. Ancient Rome and Athens are presented in an entirely different way in the German text. In particular, the large scale descriptions of ceremonies and major events are scenically developed under the influence of medieval historiographic ideas. Further supplementary source material is provided by a Pseudo—Ovidian treatment of <u>Pyramus and Thisbe</u> and a number of medieval military and judicial customs associated with Roman models. In general <u>Athis</u> is shown to be indebted to a medieval German self—awareness of <u>Romanitas</u>.

Short story cycle Magija Beograda (2008, The Magic of Belgrade, Czech anthology Belgrade, my magic love!, 2014) is one of the last works of Serbian author Momo Kapor. His subject matter is contemporary picture of Belgrade and characters in his work are people, who are emotionally bound to this city. The aim of this dissertation is to introduce a Czech translation of the short stories and their translatological commentary. This work deals with the theme of Belgrade work of Kapor, which the author engaged in throughout his whole life and wrote in this style for more than ten years. This area of his work still does not have a Czech literary translation. This dissertation also brings more coherent author's portrait. Pivotal part consists of two chapters, first one is devoted to the profile of the author and the second one to the translation and commentary.

The theoretical part of the diploma thesis lists the functions of reading books and textbooks generally, formulates the criteria of their assessment, which serves as a basis for identification of the essential dilemmas in the creation of new reading books. The practical part of the thesis develops two chapters of a secondary school reading book. These chapters are compiled thematically according to the principle of so-called "grand ideas". Two approaches to text selection were employed - a literary-historical and a literary-theoretical approach. Both approaches aim at improvement of students' reading literacy: on one hand they deliver to students the necessary field background, on the other hand they open a space for comparison of reading texts across historical periods or literary forms. These advances rely on the interlinkages between texts emergent from the present underlying "grand idea". The reading texts are supplemented by sections of questions and tasks, which ought to assist in interpretation of the reading texts. The methodical comments describe which abilities and skills of students are to be developed in the respective exercise.

Le commentaire d’enregistrement à l’écrit mobilise de nombreuses compétences liées à la perception et à la rédaction. Ce travail, conçu avec la volonté d’un rapprochement interdisciplinaire, tente de montrer l’influence de la révision autonome de l’écrit ainsi que celle des œuvres écoutées sur des textes d’élèves de troisième. Les bases théoriques sont celles de la psychologie de l’audition et de la linguistique. L’effet dominant de la maîtrise de la langue s’estompe à la faveur d’une description systématique et globale du vocabulaire recueilli. Cette thèse rassemble des outils d’analyse de contenu originaux élaborés en fonction du corpus. Les apports sont donc essentiellement d’ordre méthodologique. Les indicateurs retenus permettent d’évaluer les écarts de densité informative selon l’œuvre écoutée et selon le rang d’écriture du commentaire. La synthèse des résultats montre les possibilités de détermination d’une typologie des écrits et révèle certains aspects stylistiques et formels des œuvres supports par l’observation raisonnée des zones d’intensification lexicale. / Writing a commentary after a listening exercise mobilizes several skills linked to perception and drafting. This thesis, aiming at an interdisciplinary approach, attempts to describe the influence of autonomous revision and of the piece of music heard on commentaries written by pupils in the fourth form. Its theoretical foundations are found in audition psychology and linguistics. The primary role attributed to language skills gives way to a systematic and holistic description of the compiled vocabulary. For this thesis, original content analysis tools have been designed, based on the corpus. Its contribution is thus essentially methodological. The selected indicators enable us to assess the disparities in informative density according to the piece heard and the drafting register of the commentary. Based on a synthesis of the results obtained, it is thus possible to establish a typology of written commentaries and bring to light some stylistic and formal aspects of the selected pieces of music through a reasoned analysis of lexical intensification areas.

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La présente étude s’attache à retracer l’histoire textuelle de l’Échelle, encore jamais entreprise, à travers un corpus manuscrit comportant près de 350 codices ; ce corpus est traité exhaustivement du IXe s. au XIIIe s. et partiellement jusqu’au XVIIe s .L’ouvrage composé au VIIe s. est constitué des discours ascétiques de Jean du Sinaï et de plusieurs pièces-annexes. Il est considéré dans la tradition manuscrite comme le livre de l’Échelle (Κλίμαξ) faite de trente degrés, guide spirituel menant au ciel, et son auteur reçoit l’appellation de Climaque (ὁ τῆς Κλίμακος). Les pratiques de lecture de l’ouvrage, sa place dans les recueils et ses emprunts témoignent du rôle important qu’a joué l’Échelle, avec ses aphorismes et ses métaphores, dans la littérature ascétique à Byzance. Un abondant corpus de scholies exégétiques rédigées au Xe s. et développé par des citations d’auteurs ascétiques au XIe s. atteste de la réception originale de l’œuvre de Jean Climaque. Le Commentaire d’Élie de Crète, composé au début du XIIe s. et conservé dans 19 manuscrits, propose une exégèse exhaustive de l’ouvrage en s’appuyant sur les scholies mais aussi sur de nombreuses références patristiques et philosophiques. La présente thèse propose un classement des codices de l’Échelle, de ses scholies et un stemma codicum du Commentaire d’Élie ; tous les manuscrits examinés sont décrits sous forme d’un répertoire. L’étude établit les éditions princeps et critiques de nombreuses scholies et d’une partie du Commentaire. / The study relates the textual history of the Ladder, which has never been made attempted before, through a manuscript corpus containing nearly 350 codices exhaustively from the 9th to the 13th and partially up to the 17th century.The work composed in the 7th century is made up of the ascetic discourses of John Sinaites and of a few textual pieces enclosed with them. It is considered in the manuscript tradition as the book of the Ladder (Κλίμαξ) made of thirty steps, spiritual guide leading to Heaven, and its author receives the name of Climacus (ὁ τῆς Κλίμακος). The ways this book was read, its place in the collections and its quotations indicate the important role played by the Ladder, with its aphorisms et metaphors, in the ascetic literature in Byzantium. An abundant corpus of exegetic scholia written in the 10th century and developed in the form of quotations of ascetic authors in the 11th century attests to the original reception of the treatise of John Climacus. The Commentary of Elias of Crete, composed at the beginning of the 12th century and preserved in 19 manuscripts, proposes an exhaustive exegesis of the Ladder, relying on scholia but also on many patristic and philosophical references.The present dissertation establishes a classification of the codices of the Ladder, of its scholia and proposes a stemma codicum of the Elias’ Commentary ; all the examinated manuscripts are described in a repertoire. The study provides Princeps and critical editions of numerous scholia and of a part of the Commentary.

Das Thema der vorliegenden Dissertation ist eine Studie des Papyrus der Berliner Papyrussammlung P.Berol. 13270 und der darin enthaltenen Verse. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in drei Teile. Der erste Teil, der die Beschreibung des Fundkontextes und des Papyrus, sowie die Kontextualisierung des Papyrus im Rahmen der Symposien im hellenistischen Ägypten enthält, zielt darauf ab, eine neue Gesamtinterpretation des Textes zu entwickeln. Durch eine Analyse der Sprache, des Stils und des Inhalts des Verses konnte ich zwei thematische und stilistische Einheiten identifiziert: ein erster Abschnitt (Zeile 1-8) besteht aus dem Anfang eines Chorliedes, der von Frauen gesungen wird, in dem eine lange sympotische Metapher verwendet wird. Der Stil wird durch ein sehr allusives und metaphorisches Lexikon aufgebaut. Stil und Dialekt, die in dem ersten Teil des Verses verwendet werden, sind kompatibel mit den Chorliedern des VI.-V. Jahrhundert B. C., da zahlreiche Parallelen und Assonanzen and die Lieder Pindars, Bacchylides’ und Ibycus’ nachgewiesen werden können. Der Text in Zeile 9 beginnt mit einer inhaltlichen und stilistischen Änderung. Die folgenden Zeilen enthalten einen zweiten Abschnitt von Versen: es handelt sich um das sehr oft in sympotischem Kontext verwendete Bild des Schiffes im Sturm. Darüberhinaus ist der zweite Abschnitt der Verse von einem weniger aufwändigen Stil geprägt. Die letzten zehn Zeilen, die unter der Paragraphos liegen, enthalten eine Elegie, die dem Rahmen der sympotischen normativen Elegien angehört und die für eine Definition des sympotisches ethos relevant ist. Im zweiten Teil habe ich eine neue diplomatische Transkription, eine kritische Edition und Übersetzung des Textes erstellt. Der dritte Teil besteht aus eines sprachlich-literarischen Kommentars, der Texterklärungen sowie eine gründliche Diskussion möglicher Parallelstellen. / This work provides a comprehensive study of a papyrus of the Berlin Papyrus Collection (P.Berol. 13270) and of verses contained therein. The work is divided into three sections. Given a description of the context of found and of the papyrus itself, the first part aims to develop a new overall interpretation of the text and frames the manufact within the context of the symposium in Hellenistic Egypt. By analyzing language, style, and content of the verses, I identified two thematic and stylistic units: a first section (lines 1-8) consists of the beginning of a women's chorus song where an extensive symposial metaphor is employed. The style features a very allusive and metaphorical lexicon. Both style and dialect used in the first part of the verse are compatible with the choral songs of the VI.-V. Century B. C., as numerous parallels and assonances to the songs Pindars, Bacchylides 'and Ibycus' can be detected. Starting from line 9, the text drastically changes both in content and style. The following lines contain a second section of verses featuring the image of the ship in the storm. Moreover, the second unit is characterized by a less riddling diction. The last ten lines written below the paragraphos contain an elegy that can be ascribed to the category of sympotic normative elegies and that is relevant to a definition of the sympotic ethos. In the second part of my work, I have provided a new diplomatic transcription, a critical edition, and translation of the text. The third part consists of a linguistic-literary commentary, which provides explanations of the text as well as a thorough discussion of possible parallel passages.

<p>This thesis examines John Berryman’s poetry of loss together with four different theoretical perspectives. It is the purpose of the study to involve Berryman’s poetry and critical theory in a dialogue which attempts to break down the hierarchy that positions theory as the subject and literature or poetry as the object of study. Instead, by focusing on the otherness of each discourse, that is, what could be called the unconscious of Berryman’s poetry of loss and the language of theory, poetry and theory can be seen to presuppose and mutually imply each other. Those of Berryman’s poems mainly analyzed in the thesis, and which could be called his poetry of loss are “The Ball Poem,” Homage to Mistress Bradstreet, and The Dream Songs. The four theoretical perspectives consist of Martin Heidegger’s thinking concerning the word and concept departure, David S. Reynolds’s notion of the subversive in the American Renaissance, Nicolas Abraham’s psychoanalytical concept anasemia, and Maurice Blanchot’s theory of death and poetry in his book The Space of Literature. The theoretical base of the thesis is developed primarily from Shoshana Felman’s “To open the question,” an editorial introduction to a special issue of Yale French Studies entitled Literature and Psychoanalysis. The Question of Reading: Otherwise and Timothy Clark’s study Derrida, Heidegger, Blanchot.</p>

This thesis examines John Berryman’s poetry of loss together with four different theoretical perspectives. It is the purpose of the study to involve Berryman’s poetry and critical theory in a dialogue which attempts to break down the hierarchy that positions theory as the subject and literature or poetry as the object of study. Instead, by focusing on the otherness of each discourse, that is, what could be called the unconscious of Berryman’s poetry of loss and the language of theory, poetry and theory can be seen to presuppose and mutually imply each other. Those of Berryman’s poems mainly analyzed in the thesis, and which could be called his poetry of loss are “The Ball Poem,” Homage to Mistress Bradstreet, and The Dream Songs. The four theoretical perspectives consist of Martin Heidegger’s thinking concerning the word and concept departure, David S. Reynolds’s notion of the subversive in the American Renaissance, Nicolas Abraham’s psychoanalytical concept anasemia, and Maurice Blanchot’s theory of death and poetry in his book The Space of Literature. The theoretical base of the thesis is developed primarily from Shoshana Felman’s “To open the question,” an editorial introduction to a special issue of Yale French Studies entitled Literature and Psychoanalysis. The Question of Reading: Otherwise and Timothy Clark’s study Derrida, Heidegger, Blanchot.