This study represents an investigation into the effect of multiple production techniques on the recall and retention of information of university students. The purpose of the study was to determine how the ‘Voice of God’ narration affects recall and retention of information compared to an on-camera interview. In documentary video, conveying information is one of the key goals of the director. In most cases, the conveyance of information in itself is insufficient. The director seeks the emotional participation of the audience so that they can become aware of a specific issue. In this mediated environment, the producer’s attempts at reaching the audience are interwoven with the producer’s capability to facilitate the audience’s recall of information. By using the ‘Voice of God’ narration, a director can enhance the narrative and make the information more understandable. Theory suggests that the use of multiple production techniques can either have a negative or positive impact on the processing of information. This statement is based on different experiments that were done by researchers on how various production techniques affect the information processing of an individual. The theoretical basis of the study is rooted in the metatheory, cybernetics. Within cybernetics, the narrative theory explains the structure of the story and how it is conveyed to an audience. Voice-over in documentary video is situated in the narrative theory because the structure of the information the voice-over gives to an audience is of utmost importance. From the theoretical basis, this study uses Lang’s (2000) limited capacity model of mediated message processing to investigate the effect of narration (voice-over) as embedded in documentary video. Specifically, it addresses the mediator’s (in documentary video, the producer’s) goal of maximum information recall by the receiver of the message. The application of Lang’s model is outlined in an empirical design that explores recall of message content and the retention of information in two ways; the recall and retention of information presented through an on-camera interview and the recall and retention of information presented by a narrator whilst images are shown that do not include an image of the narrator him/herself (Voice of God narration). Two experiments were designed for the purpose of this study in which 37 students from the North-West University’s Potchefstroom campus participated. The students were divided into two groups; group one watched the video where the information is presented by an on-camera-interview, and group two watched the video where the information is presented by a ‘Voice of God’ narrator. Two questionnaires were given to the groups at two different times. The results obtained suggest that there is no significant difference in the production techniques and the recall and retention of information. Based on the results, certain recommendations are made for future research, which include modifying the message and research design. / MA (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Le De somniis est le traité que Philon d’Alexandrie consacre aux récits bibliques de rêves. Notre travail ne s’arrête pas au seul thème du rêve, mais cherche à étudier ce traité dans son ensemble et à enquêter sur la façon dont Philon écrit son exégèse et élabore sa réflexion. En effet, c’est en transposant le vocabulaire de la philosophie et en le renouvelant que l’exégète parvient à livrer un enseignement fidèle au monothéisme ; à l’inverse, c’est en effectuant un travail sur le texte scripturaire que l’Alexandrin rend la Bible conforme à son argumentation. Pour mieux comprendre comment Philon compose son commentaire, nous étudions tout d’abord la structure du traité : nous nous demandons comment Philon parvient à lier ses exégèses les unes aux autres en un traité suivi. L’étude des citations bibliques permet ensuite de comprendre que l’exégète, tout en commentant précisément chaque mot de la Bible, construit son commentaire en réécrivant et en reformulant le texte biblique. Enfin, nous observons le travail sur la langue grecque auquel se livre Philon : les jeux de mots et les créations lexicales montrent que l’auteur réfléchit avec la langue grecque ; les mots bibliques éveillent, pour l’auteur, des réminiscences littéraires et philosophiques, grâce auxquelles il écrit son commentaire / The De somniis is the treatise that Philo of Alexandria devotes to biblical dreams. The present work does not only focus on the question of dreams, but analyses the treatise as a whole and investigates the way Philo writes his commentary and builds up his exegesis. Philo indeed transposes the vocabulary of philosophy and renews it in order to produce an appropriate discourse on monotheism; on the other hand, he rewrites the Bible to make it fit his argumentation. To better understand how Philo composes his commentary, I study first the structure of the treatise: I ask myself how Philo manages to bind together his interpretations into a literary whole. Then, the study of biblical quotations reveals that, although Philo explains carefully every biblical word, he often rewrites and rephrases the Bible. Finally, I investigate the way Philo uses the Greek language: puns and verbal creations reveal that the Greek language supports his thought. For Philo, the words of the Bible are reminiscent of Greek literature and philosophy.

La famille et les pairs peuvent promouvoir des messages soutenant l’idéal de minceur, en commentant des aspects corporels et pondéraux des individus. Herbozo et Thompson (2006) ont développé le Verbal Commentary On Physical Appearance Scale, évaluant la fréquence et le retentissement immédiat (positif à négatif) des commentaires relatifs à l’apparence, qu’ils soient positifs ou négatifs. Le but de ces différents travaux est de mieux comprendre l’articulation des commentaires d’apparence dans les troubles de l’image du corps et des conduites alimentaires. Nous avons d’abord analysé les liens entre la fréquence et le retentissement des commentaires d’apparence et l’insatisfaction corporelle, puis avec les troubles des conduites alimentaires et le recours aux stratégies de contrôle de poids. A l’instar du modèle d’Influence Tripartite (Thompson et al., 1999), nous avons cherché à vérifier la médiation du lien entre les commentaires d’apparence et l’insatisfaction corporelle, par la comparaison sociale d’apparence et l’internalisation de l’idéal de minceur. Enfin, nous souhaitions valider le Parental Comments (Rodgers, Faure, & Chabrol, 2009), qui est un outil de mesure des commentaires d’apparence, spécifique aux parents. Les commentaires négatifs présentent des liens consistants avec les variables explicatives de l’image du corps. Les commentaires positifs ont des liens plus modérés avec ces mêmes variables, mais leur retentissement pourrait peut-être participer à entretenir le focus sur l’apparence physique. Enfin, nous développons les implications scientifiques et préventives de ces différents résultats au niveau des influences socioculturelles de l’image du corps. / Family and peers can promote messages that support thin ideal, by commenting body and weight aspects. Herbozo and Thompson (2006) developed the Verbal Commentary On Physical Appearance Scale, assessing frequency and impact (positive to negative) of appearance commentary, both positive and negative. The purpose of these different works is to understand the connection between appearance commentary, body image and eating disorders. First, we analysed the relationship between frequency and impact of appearance commentary and body dissatisfaction, and then with the eating disorders and the use of weight control strategies. According to tripartite Influence model (Thompson et al., 1999), we sought to verify the mediation of the link between appearance commentary and body dissatisfaction, by social comparison of appearance and internalization of thin ideal. Finally, we wanted to validate the Parental Comments (Rodgers, Faure, & Chabrol, 2009), which is parental-specific instrument of appearance commentary measure. Negative comments show solid relationships with explanatory variables of body image. Positive comments have moderate links with same variables, but their impact may take part in maintaining a focus on physical appearance. Finally, we develop scientific and preventive implications of our different results on sociocultural influences of body image.

The 21st century is marked by the widespread influence of post-modernism and the relativisation of truth. As such, confidence in the truth of Scripture is flagging, and nowhere is this felt more, ironically, than in the appointment and the working of pastors of the Word of God. Movements such as the historical Jesus research abroad, and the so-called “New Reformation” in South Africa, are calling into question long-held tenets of the Christian faith, as well as the inerrant nature of the Bible. The failing trust in the Scripture has also led to a diminished reliance on exposition of the Bible. This again relates to the training of pastors, as theological training today is marked by greater disdain for biblical subjects and a threatening rift between practical theology and biblical exposition. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the trend might be countered, by applying an exposition of portions of the book of Titus relevant to the selection, appoint, and task of the pastor, to the current situation as it exists today. The exposition focused on the following excerpts from the epistle: 1:1–2:8, 3:12–15. The pastor was discussed as the exemplification of the Church elder, but it was also noted that all that applies to the pastor, equally applies to all elders of the Church. Emphasis was laid on the character of the pastor, the biblical requirements for the ministry, the appointment of pastors, the biblically mandated task of the pastor, the role of the pastor in defending and teaching sound doctrine, and how the teaching of the pastor is to filter down through the congregation, through the older men to the younger men, the older women to the younger women, and how a general ethos of relational ministry is to pervade the mindset of the whole Church (pastor and congregants) in all that they do. Through the exposition, it is seen that biblical exposition is still relevant, and has a role to play in all spheres of life and theology, including practical theological concerns such as the appointment and task of pastors. / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

La tragédie du quatrième siècle fut considérée depuis l’antiquité comme une phase de décadence du genre tragique. Toutefois, plusieurs spécialistes ont montré qu’il ne s’agissait pas d’un déclin : le théâtre continuait à jouer un rôle important dans la vie culturelle du monde grec. Dans cette thèse nous proposons une nouvelle édition des fragments des poètes tragiques grecs du quatrième siècle, qui furent actifs entre la fin de la guerre du Péloponnèse et la mort d’Alexandre le Grand. L’édition des textes est précédée d’une courte introduction sur chaque poète et suivie de leur apparat critique, leur traduction et des commentaires. Nous proposons également un nouvel ordre des poètes et des témoignages pour faciliter l’étude de ces textes. Nous espérons que cette thèse contribuera à une meilleure compréhension de cette production méconnue et invitera à des nouvelles recherches. / After the death of Euripides and Sophocles, tragic poets continue to write tragedies. During the fourth century BC theatre expanded all over the Greek world. In this thesis, I propose a new edition of the tragic fragments of the fourth century BC, by poets who were active from the end of the Peloponnesian war to the death of Alexander the Great. The edition of these texts is preceded by a brief introduction on each poet and followed by a critical apparatus, their translation and commentaries. I also propose a new order of the poets and testimonies in order to facilitate the study of the texts. I hope this thesis will contribute to a better understanding of this relatively unknown production and inspire new researches.

This diploma thesis are describing the evolution of audio commentary in sports computer games since 1998. As the subject for the research was selected the FIFA game series, currently the best-selling game of virtual sports category. The objective of the analysis is to find out under which circumstances could this game includes the Czech version of audio commentary. Structurally this diploma thesis is divided into theoretical and research part. The first part describes the theoretical aspects of the researched issue. Describes the evolution in the video game industry from its beginnings to the present time, including the phenomenon of the eSports that is described in the second chapter. The theoretical part concludes with an analysis of methods, elements and specifics, for commentating of a sporting events. At the beginning of the research, this analysis is confronted with the specifics of the word algorithm for audio commentary used in the FIFA game series. Final SWOT analysis describe evaluation of the current state of evolution in the video game industry with the focus on the subject of this diploma thesis, audio commentary in the FIFA game series and possible return of the Czech version of audio commentary into the game. Keywords Commentating, FIFA, pc games, videogames, word algortihm,...

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In Arabic. Arabic script can't be copied into UIR / The importance of this work rests upon the fact that notwithstanding Abu Huraira's eminent status among Prophet Muammad's companions as the most noteworthy reporter of Prophetic traditions on the basis of which scholars have compiled his reports on numerous subjects into separate tracts no research of academic standing has been done on his contributions to Qur'anic exegesis by systematically extracting his narrations and evaluating them. The current dissertation begins by offering this research contribution followed by a discussion of Abu Huraira's biography. Then all his narrations are systematically presented from beginning to end. Such reports contain both explicit and implicit statements that can be traced to the Prophet. Not all verses or chapters of the Qur'an are covered in this way for example there are no reports relating to chapter 77. They are followed by the conclusion the bibliography and appendices on Qur'anic verses and Prophetic reports cited. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Islamic Studies)

This thesis looks to explore Urinetown: The Musical through a critical and theoretical framework, analyzing the show's presentation and deconstruction of theatrical character tropes through musical satire. Using the theories of theatre theorists such as Bertolt Brecht, Peter Brook, and Augusto Boal, this thesis discusses the use of theatre as a device for political and social commentary. Additionally, this thesis focuses more specifically on the show's character of Penelope Pennywise as a new kind of character in the theatre: an "ingénue gone awry," within the context of approaching a performance of the character in a performance of the musical.