To acquire language, children must learn how to categorize objects on the basis of the meanings that cultures have assigned to the objects. A series of six experiments tested how preschool-aged children categorize familiar objects. Each experiment used a matching-to-sample format in which children matched pictures of familiar objects (comparisons) to a sample stimulus picture. The sample and one comparison related taxonomically (on the basis of similar features) and the other comparison related thematically (on the basis of function) from which the children were to find another stimulus that was the same as the sample. Each experiment was a systematic replication of published research and of the prior experiment. In all six experiments, these preschool-aged children demonstrated a statistically significant preference for the taxonomic stimulus. No statistically significant differences were found between genders. The results of these six experiments did not support the development trend described in the majority of the extant literature. These findings are also contrary to the research literature, with one noted exception.

This thesis is an exploration of the symbolic dimensions of activism in the SOA Watch movement, which seeks to close the School of the Americas (SOA), a U.S. training facility for Latin American military and police. Through historical analysis, participant observation, and ethnographic interviews with activists, I examine the practices of activism in the SOA Watch movement and the systems of meaning that inform them. As activists in the movement engage a system of power they seek to change, they construct and locate this system in space and time. By inserting themselves into the history and geography of the SOA through practices of resistance, activists construct and enact their own agency.

The focus of this study is the exploration and interpretation of women's visual and textual experiences of menopause. It is a conversational mapping of embodied space and time as they re-imagine memories and actual experiences which have informed their changing sense of self during the transitional stages of menopause. The research examines the ways in which artwork, visual diaries, journals, creative writing and poetry make visible a fresh perception of their female sense of the lived body. The project examines the contemporary cultural meanings of femininity, sexuality and identity which have informed women's understanding of their bodies and gender during the transformative years of menopause, and it explores the ways in which these forms of knowledge have influenced their artistic modes of self-representation.In the first chapter I acquaint the reader with the context of the research, and outline my understandings of the human body and social theories. I direct the exploration of texts towards a range of feminist theoretical perspectives which suggest women's biological and reproductive bodies provide spaces for re-visioning personal and social change.The next two chapters explain how I develop theoretical and methodological arts-based approaches enabling an innovative and appropriate investigation of the phenomenon in question. I explain how I have blended various textual expressive genres with interpretive research methodologies and philosophical viewpoints. In these chapters I recount the imaginative strategies and techniques used to portray the ontological, phenomenological and epistemological perspectives of the lived experience of menopause.Following this, I present seven stories. Each story portrays how artistic genres grasp particular experiences and transform them into imaginative expressive inter-textual representations. / The stories also demonstrate how this type of research is done, and how the meaning-making processes of collaborative research draw out resonances towards real and imagined, and internal and external sites of personal and political significance.Accompanying the stories is a fourth chapter entitled Menopause Perspecta X 5. In writing this section, I adopt a different narrational approach and voice as I move from the realm of storyteller to that of art curator presenting a series of visual images and the poetic writings of five women. As well as portraying different voices speaking at different levels, each presentation continues the task of opening spaces for translation between word and image.The thesis concludes with a reflective overview of the menopausal body, image and text. In the coda, Notes Towards A Work In Progress, I express my thoughts on creating alternative spatial practices, and tell another story. Through its poetic and lyrical content, I attempt to offer possibilities for restoring a sense of menopausal self, love, hope, and a meaningful relationship with the world.

The oratorio August 4, 1964 is a twelve-movement work for orchestra, chorus, and four soloists written by Steven Stucky. The premise for the libretto, adapted by Gene Scheer, is the confluence of two events during one day (August 4, 1964) in the life of Lyndon B. Johnson. Although the main idea of the libretto focuses on these two events of this one day, many cultural references of the 1960's in general can be found as well, such as quotations from the well-known song "We Shall Overcome." Stucky borrows from a motet he wrote in 2005 for another quotation source utilized in this oratorio, "O Vos Omnes." My goal in this thesis is to reveal and analyze the many different levels of quotations that exist within August 4, 1964, to explore each quotation's individual function within the oratorio (as a cultural gesture, commentary or remembrance), and to examine the structural coherence that emerges as a result of their use within the oratorio.

The research presented in this thesis is intended to reveal the layers of social and cultural meaning invested in a building conventionally regarded as a work of abstract aesthetic modernism, and one which has been evaluated, within the framework of a national heritage preservation policy, as an architectural landmark of the post-war era of urban reconstruction. By combining the research methods of architectural history (archival) and of anthropology (ethnographic) I have located and interpreted the architecture of the Brunswick within a larger social story that demonstrates how the lived experience of a particular environment exists in parallel with the more objective official discourse that invests a work of architecture or art with cultural significance. The thesis traces the architectural inception and complex evolution of the building, its critical reception, and the proposals for redevelopment that culminated in a major refurbishment and transformation of the shopping precinct in 2006. It goes on to present an ethnographic account of the Brunswick as a social, as much as an architectural space, and an anthropological interpretation of the relationship between identity and place in terms of the specific qualities of the built environment. It shows that the material environment becomes real and vivid to people as an embodiment of the social dimensions of their lives, and that the boundaries between ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ – the private space of the home, and the layered sequence of public spaces extending through the building to the city beyond - are not objectively fixed, but subjectively perceived and negotiated in different ways. Although the Brunswick exerts considerable power as a unique architectural image, its boundaries do not define an integrated social space, nor a unified experience of the place as a living environment. Nevertheless, repeated interaction and sensory experience make it a tangible architectural framework for everyday and domestic life which evidently shapes the view from the inside looking out. The research aims to make a significant contribution to knowledge at a meeting-point between anthropology and architecture, which might help to inform future understanding of the interaction between people and the built habitat in modern urban societies.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose _Luiz.pdf: 1073553 bytes, checksum: ffcac9f3cb79a6e3ac1dd1e0a2c53275 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research talks about the brazilian rock, focused on the cultural meanings that can be built in its discourse. The main point of this research is to investigate this effects in social groups as the rock, starting from the songs of this genre that were produced in brazil. Therefore, some questions were formulated for which objective, is to find a north, they are: a) How can be built the cultural meanings of the rockers group? b) How can the global or local cultural meanings be blended? c) the cultural meanings found confirm or deny the stereotype built about Rockers? The research is contained in the field of Applies Linguistics which is about the language in real conditions of use (CAVALCANTI, 1986; ALMEIDA FILHO, 1991, 2001; MOITA-LOPES, 1998, 2006), caracterized by his qualitative and interpretative nature which the concern is not stablish universal verity, but study specific situations (DENZIN e LINCOLN, 20006; BORTONI-RICARDO, 2009). The theoritical foundation for the development of this apply came from the Antropology studies (CANCLINI, 2009, 2011), from the Cultural Study's camp (BHABHA, 1998; HALL, 2000) and the Feminist Studies (BUTLER, 1988, 1994, 2003). Are included in this paper the songs of the band Capital Inicial Veraneio Vascaína , 1886; Cai a noite . 1991; Quatro vezes você , 2002; and Coracao vazio , 2004. These sources come from especific music portals on internet. For making the data, the sociologic method of the language was applied, related to the bakhtinian theory (BAKHTIN/VOLOCHINOV, 1997; BAKHTIN, 1998, 2003; FIORIN, 2008; BRAIT, 2005; SILVEIRA, 2012) which the songs are taken while the discursive genres, composed by tematic theme, composicional estructure, and style, they are all submissive to a comucational area. From this research, the results found are that the cultural meanings are made up socialy, for historical process, and can be noticed for the collocutor from the point of the united elements in the text, with the informations about the prodution conditions, circulation and reception of the songs. More than that, there exists a presence of meanings related to the brazilian context of determined songs, while other do not, that clarifies a balance between the global and locals meanings. To be finished, the complexity of the person identity formation of someone prevents that can be told categoricaly that the stereotype of rockers was forced, or denyed, up the analized songs, once that some marks are linked to this groupd were found and some did not. / O presente trabalho versa sobre o tema do rock brasileiro com ênfase nos significados culturais que podem ser construídos em seu discurso. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar esses significados culturais do grupo social roqueiro, a partir de canções do gênero musical rock produzido no Brasil. Para tanto, foram formuladas perguntas de pesquisa cuja finalidade é nortear essa investigação, são elas: a) Como podem ser construídos os significados culturais do grupo roqueiro? b) De que forma as significações culturais globais ou locais se entrelaçam? c) Os significados culturais encontrados corroboram ou negam o estereótipo construído sobre o roqueiro? A pesquisa se inscreve no âmbito da Linguística Aplicada por tratar da linguagem em suas condições reais de uso (CAVALCANTI, 1986; ALMEIDA FILHO, 1991, 2001; MOITA-LOPES, 1998, 2006), caracterizada pelo seu cunho qualitativo-interpretativista em que a preocupação não é estabelecer verdades universais, mas sim, estudar situações específicas (DENZIN e LINCOLN, 20006; BORTONI-RICARDO, 2009). A fundamentação teórica para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa é oriunda de estudos da Antropologia (CANCLINI, 2009, 2011), do campo dos Estudos Culturais (BHABHA, 1998; HALL, 2000) e dos Estudos Feministas (BUTLER, 1988, 1994, 2003). Compõem os registros dessa pesquisa as canções da banda Capital Inicial Veraneio Vascaína , de 1986; Cai a noite , de 1991; Quatro vezes você , de 2002; e Coração Vazio , de 2014, estas que são provenientes de portais específicos de música na internet. Para a geração de dados foi utilizado o método sociológico de análise da língua, relacionado à teoria bakhtiniana (BAKHTIN/VOLOCHINOV, 1997; BAKHTIN, 1998, 2003; FIORIN, 2008; BRAIT, 2005; SILVEIRA, 2012) em que as canções são tomadas enquanto gêneros discursivos, compostos por um conteúdo temático, uma estrutura composicional e um estilo, todos submetidos a um campo comunicacional. A partir dessa pesquisa, os resultados alcançados foram que os significados culturais são construídos socialmente, por meio de processos históricos, e que podem ser percebidos pelos interlocutores a partir da união dos elementos presentes nos textos, ou seja, todas as semioses, com as informações sobre as condições de produção, circulação e recepção das canções. Além disso, existe a presença de significações mais relacionadas ao contexto brasileiro em determinadas canções, enquanto que em outras não, o que evidencia um balanço entre as significações locais e globais. Por fim, a complexidade da formação identitária de um sujeito impede que se possa dizer categoricamente que o estereótipo do roqueiro foi reforçado ou negado diante das canções analisadas, uma vez que algumas características relacionadas a esse grupo foram encontradas e outras delas não.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-05-18T20:59:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Helen Betane Ferreira Pereira - 2016.pdf: 2270286 bytes, checksum: ee5a1f360ab1880f801fd1824ee80b0a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T13:37:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Helen Betane Ferreira Pereira - 2016.pdf: 2270286 bytes, checksum: ee5a1f360ab1880f801fd1824ee80b0a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T13:37:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Helen Betane Ferreira Pereira - 2016.pdf: 2270286 bytes, checksum: ee5a1f360ab1880f801fd1824ee80b0a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Having acted as a civil servant in Goiânia's municipal school network for the past fifteen years, I have had the opportunity of being a teaching staff member in several schools, an experience which has taught me considerably. However, it was only in 2010 that I joined the staff of a full-time school. The challenges imposed by this new reality motivated me to such an extent that I chose full-time education as the object of study for this thesis. Teaching and administrative staff members from two schools, as well as a representative from the Municipal Education Department (SME), were selected as research participants. The aim consisted in identifying cultural meanings conveyed through the discourses (“languacultures”) of the members of these discourse communities regarding the theme of full-time education. In addition to participants' discourses, I focused on official governmental discourses published by Brazil's Ministry of Education (MEC) in order to shed light on the way the government, at federal and municipal levels, regards full-time education and its establishment in public schools across the country. The inclusion of such documents serves as a counterpoint to the present analysis, for it promotes greater clarity concerning what Brazilian educational laws state and what is being effectively carried out in the schools under analysis. The theoretical framework used for data discussion includes principles underlying full-time education and ethnography, as well as premises from French discourse analysis (DA) and critical discourse analysis (CDA). Data analysis showed that participants from the schools in question experience and view full-time education very differently from the SME representative. The dialogue between schools and the regulating department is scarce, filled with obstacles and negative images on how to conduct the process of establishing, maintaining, and assessing the performance of full-time schools in Goiânia. / Na condição de integrante do quadro de servidores da Rede Municipal de Ensino (RME) de Goiânia há quinze anos, tive a oportunidade de compor o corpo docente de várias instituições de ensino, com as quais muito aprendi. Entretanto, somente em 2010 passei a fazer parte de uma escola de tempo integral. Os desafios impostos por essa nova realidade motivaram-me a eleger a educação integral em tempo integral como objeto de estudo desta tese. Para tanto, foram selecionados membros do corpo docente e administrativo de duas unidades de ensino e um representante da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME) como participantes da pesquisa. O objetivo consistiu em identificar os significados culturais transmitidos através dos discursos (languacultures) dos integrantes dessas comunidades discursivas acerca do tema da educação (em tempo) integral. Além dos discursos dos participantes, recorri também aos discursos oficiais, publicados com o aval do Ministério da Educação (MEC), a fim de conhecer a posição do governo federal e do município de Goiânia acerca da educação integral e da implantação do tempo integral nas escolas públicas do país. A inclusão de tais documentos serve de contraponto de análise, na medida em que possibilita uma clareza maior a respeito do que preconizam as leis que regulamentam a educação no Brasil e do que está sendo efetivamente realizado nas instituições educacionais que são foco deste estudo. O arcabouço teórico utilizado para a discussão dos dados gerados constituiu-se dos princípios que fundamentam a educação integral em tempo integral e a etnografia, bem como de alguns dos pressupostos da análise do discurso (AD) de linha francesa e da análise crítica do discurso (ACD). A análise dos dados demonstrou que os membros das escolas pesquisadas vivenciam e concebem a educação em tempo integral de maneira diferente da apresentada pelo representante da SME. O diálogo entre as unidades de ensino e o órgão que as regula é escasso, cheio de percalços e imagens negativas acerca da condução do processo de implantação, manutenção e desempenho das escolas de tempo integral em Goiânia.

本篇論文重現日治時期大稻埕「江山樓」的昔日風華，透過江山樓的歷史過往、活動展演，逐步解讀江山樓以及江山樓的相關書寫，所代表的文學╱文化意涵。 第二章「江山樓昔日風華」，主要在彙整江山樓的背景資料，重塑江山樓當時的樣貌。透過對江山樓過往歷史與地理位置重建，以及江山樓舉辦的種種活動，瞭解江山樓對當時的指標性意義。並從江山樓歷代經營者的經營瞭解：江山樓在這些人經營下，與上層階級官紳、文人形成密集的交流網絡，而江山樓成為日治時期非常重要的聚會場所，也因其具有著多重吸引力，因此江山樓周邊的活動與娛樂餐飲等事業，皆圍繞著江山樓繁榮發展。 第三章「江山樓的消費空間」，本章主要分兩部分論述，一方面從江山樓空間最重要的消費行為－飲食、藝旦談起；另一方面由江山樓飲食、藝旦，而吸引的消費人口，讓江山樓成為重要的集會地，引領著當時的消費風潮論述。日治時期有句俗諺「登江山樓，吃臺灣菜」可見江山樓的盛名以及飲食吸引人之處，由江山樓的內部裝潢、飲食器具、菜單、還有外燴活動，論述江山樓的吸引人的飲食消費，也是江山樓受到矚目的重要原因。 第四章「江山樓的相關書寫」，江山樓的相關書寫當中，主要分為「日治時期」與「戰後迄今」兩部分論述，從日治時期的古典詩歌，有許多歌頌、描繪江山樓美好的部分，如景色、美人、醇酒，可探知江山樓為「製造歡樂的消費空間」；另一方面，從江山樓的聚會的心情書寫，可以了解江山樓相關書寫中呈現的文學╱文化意涵，尤其日人與臺人，在其人筆下的江山樓，透過文學創作，呈現出不同的面向與文化思考。從戰後迄今關於江山樓的民間傳說、口述資料以及現代文本中，尋找關於江山樓的創作，來探究新／舊文化對於江山樓意涵的書寫與再詮釋，其相同與相異之處，來討論江山樓庶民印象的演變與其代表意義。 第五章「結論」針對江山樓的的種種面貌，來比對出江山樓所代表的空間╱符號意涵；總結前文，指出本文研究的價值，及未來尚可開展之研究方向。 / This thesis re-presents the past glory of “Kang San Lau”in Dadauchen during the Japanese colonial era, interpreting Kang San Lau and its related writing and the literary/cultural meaning it represents through the historical past and development of events of Kang San Lau. The second chapter, “the Past and Present of Kang San Lau,”focuses on collecting background information concerning Kang San Lau, re-creating it at its time. Through re-constructing the past historical and geographical location of Kang San Lau, and a variety of activities held there, the contemporary significance of Kang San Lau can be understood. Furthermore, this chapter analyzes through the management of the past owners of Kang San Lau, its intensive social network with upper-class gentry and literati. Being an important place for gatherings during the Japanese colonization, its appeal is layered and the surrounding activities and entertainment prosper because of it. In the third chapter, “the Consumtion Space of Kang San Lau,” the discourse is two-parted: one deals with dining and Geishas, the most crucial consumption behavior of Kang San Lau, the other examines the consumtion population attracted by the dining and geishas of Kang San Lau, making it an important gather place, ushering the consumption trend at the time. During the Japanese colonization, there was a saying “Attend Kang San Lau and taste Taiwanese dishes,” which reveals through interrior decoration, utensils, menus, and catering events, the fame and popularity of Kan San Lau. The fourth chapter, “the Related Writing of Kang San Lau,”presents a two-sided discourse, one being the colonization, the other postwar till present. From classic poetry praising and describing the wonder of Kang San Lau such as its scenery, beauty, and wine, Kang San Lau as a “joy manufacturing consumption space”is explored. On the other hand, from the emotional writing of the gatherings at Kang San Lau, the literary/cultural meaning presented in the related writing of Kang San Lau is understood, especially among the Japanese and the Taiwanese. Postwar till the present, through folklore, verbal discourse, and modern documentation surrounding Kang San Lau, the similarities and differences between the discourse and interpretation of new/old cultural significance of Kang San Lau is processes. The fifth chapter, “Conclusion,” compares the spatial/signal meanings Kang San Lau represents under its layered façade. In conclusion, the value of this thesis is emphazied and a future direction for research is indicated.

This study contributes to the growth of design knowledge in China, where vehicle design for the local, older user is in its initial developmental stages. Therefore, this research has explored the travel needs of older Chinese vehicle users in order to assist designers to better understand users’ current and future needs. A triangulation method consisting of interviews, logbook and co-discovery was used to collect multiple forms of data and so explore the research question. Grounded theory has been employed to analyze the research data. This study found that users’ needs are reflected through various ‘meanings’ that they attach to vehicles – meanings that give a tangible expression to their experiences. This study identified six older-user need categories: (i) safety, (ii) utility, (iii) comfort, (iv) identity, (v) emotion and (vi) spirituality. The interrelationships among these six categories are seen as an interactive structure, rather than as a linear or hierarchical arrangement. Chinese cultural values, which are generated from particular local context and users’ social practice, will play a dynamic role in linking and shaping the travel needs of older vehicle users in the future. Moreover, this study structures the older-user needs model into three levels of meaning, to give guidance to vehicle design direction: (i) the practical meaning level, (ii) the social meaning level and (ii) the cultural meaning level. This study suggests that a more comprehensive explanation exists if designers can identify the vehicle’s meaning and property associated with the fulfilled older users’ needs. However, these needs will vary, and must be related to particular technological, social, and cultural contexts. The significance of this study lies in its contributions to the body of knowledge in three areas: research methodology, theory and design. These theoretical contributions provide a series of methodological tools, models and approaches from a vehicle design perspective. These include a conditional/consequential matrix, a travel needs identification model, an older users’ travel-related needs framework, a user information structure model, and an Older-User-Need-Based vehicle design approach. These models suggest a basic framework for the new design process which might assist in the design of new vehicles to fulfil the needs of future, aging Chinese generations. The models have the potential to be transferred to other design domains and different cultural contexts.