Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 332-343).

Appendices A-D were not provided by the author. The goal of the study was to explore the perceptions of the station commissioners of Waterberg District regarding the Suicide Prevention Workshops targeted at police officers. The study was conducted with the station commissioners of Waterberg District in Limpopo. The population in this study was composed of 15 station commissioners who were regarded as the sample due to the fact that the population is small. The research approach used in the applied study was a qualitative approach. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the station commissioners in order to uncover their perceptions regarding the Suicide Prevention Workshops. A theoretical background about suicide in general and police suicide was provided through a literature study. In the literature study the background information about factors contributing towards police suicide were indicated, together with methods used to commit suicide. Causes of suicide in general as compared to those of police members, were also clarified. The focus in the literature was also on gender whereby an indication was mentioned about who exactly are at risk of committing suicide. The attitude of police officers and the society’s expectations and perceptions regarding police members has been discussed. The empirical study focused on the perceptions of station commissioners of Waterberg District in Limpopo regarding the Suicide Prevention Workshops targeted at police officers. A semi-structured one-on-one interview was held with each station commissioner on individual basis where by questions were asked about his or her perception of the Suicide Prevention Workshops. The findings of the study revealed that station commanders appreciate the role played by social workers, chaplains and psychological services in presenting suicide prevention programmes to police officers. They indicated that at some point they fail to nominate police officers to attend the workshops because some of the subordinates are not cooperative and they might even submit sick notes in order to be excused from attending. It was also reported that if there is a shortage of personnel due to other core business of SAPS, police officers might not be nominated. Based on the findings of the study, conclusions and recommendations were made with regard to how the suicide prevention program and workshops can be improved in SAPS. Copyright / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

This study Shaped grief. On Swedish Tomb Sculpture’s Artists and Commissioners begins by contextualizing the field in question, the field of the tomb sculpture and the tomb sculptor, the burial sites and representations of death, the sculpture of that period, and especially the iconography of the sepulcher art, and the situation of the female sculptors. In the analysis chapter the bourgeois Gothenburg and Stockholm, and their relation to the arts, are contextualized. The analysis of the material is made by using the history of sepulchral art, gender theory and semiotics elaborated in art science, supplemented with critical discourse analysis, Bourdieu’s field theories, Veblen's consumption theory, intersectional and mentality-historical theories. The study addresses four questions. The first is about who the commissioners of tomb sculpture of the four chosen sculptors - Sigrid Blomberg, Charles Friberg, Carl Fagerberg and Alice Nordin - were. It is generally a wealthy, bourgeois ordering group and the commission is often made in the later part of life. With regard to a division in western and eastern Sweden, it is not surprising that the largest tomb monuments and their commissioners are located in bourgeois and liberal Gothenburg, a city with an international perspective. The court and nobility culture that existed in Stockholm and Mälardalen rested on the ancestors and their tomb monuments, including chapels. The second question is whether any of the involved clients are more prominent in the commission situation. In the few examples the study includes, wives, sometimes in widowhood, are prominent commissioners. The third question concerns whether the incentives for the commission of a tomb monument are documented. One family wishes to contribute to the "fine arts" finding a place at the Swedish cemeteries and to create an environment equal to cemeteries in southern Europe. Another family wants the tomb sculpture to be an adornment to the cemetery. The fourth question is about whether tomb sculptures are dealt within contemporary newspapers and journals, to indirectly reflect the position of the tomb sculpture in the artistic field. This sepulcher sculpture is noted in the contemporary press. But it should be seen against the background that public sculpture generally did not occur in the early 20th century and that a lively debate about cemeteries and tomb art is on the period’s agenda. It is usually in short terms that the tomb monuments are mentioned in the daily press. Especially the study's two male artists are described as not being followers of contemporary avant-garde art. All in all, the impression is that the tomb sculpture, despite the attention of the press, has a lower status. What concerns the gender perspective of the study, there are only two male commissioners who say they have an intention beyond the primary - to adorn the family tomb. In some cases, the possibility appears that when husbands pass away, widows take an active order position. With regard to preserved documentation about the commission process, there are more available information around the two female sculptors. Did the two male sculptors not correspond with their commissioners? Or have they for some reason not wanted to hand it down to posterity?

Much deliberation has existed concerning normative budgetary theory at the local government level. The vast array of local government organizational types precipitates many levels of involvement. However, there is limited evidence concerning the level of involvement of elected officials within the process, nor the amount of influence wielded by administrative actors. In addition, there are lingering questions concerning the extent at which external factors contribute to involvement. This study examines the level of involvement of actors within the budgetary process among the commission-manager form of county governments in North Carolina. The researcher has proposed a three-tier budgetary dichotomy-duality model as a foundation for organizing the study. The three elements of the model consist of institutional characteristics to account for external factors affecting county governments, commissioner characteristics and county manager characteristics. The research questions and hypotheses posited by the researcher examine the relationship between each element of the model and the level of involvement of the actors. This is an exploratory study using quantitative data as the basis for the research. Surveys were mailed to 300 county commissioners and all 100 county managers in the state of North Carolina. There were 126 county commissioner surveys returned along with 84 county manager surveys. In addition, two separate dependent variables were utilized to better determine involvement in the budget formulation process. The data was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The findings suggest that there are several factors which influence budgetary involvement. Among the institutional factors, unfunded mandates and the size of the budget lead to more involvement by county managers. For county commissioners, older commissioners, especially those who have retired, stated more involvement along with Republican commissioners and those who serve on larger commissions. Experience of the county manager also played a role as more inexperienced managers could expect more involvement by commissioners. Managers stated more involvement if they were primarily responsible for budget formulation, if they identified a particular problem area in budget formulation, and if commissioners actually agreed with most of their budget recommendations. From a public administration standpoint, there is definitely a convoluted line in the politics/administration dichotomy among county governments in the North Carolina county government budget process. It is clear that certain factors and actor characteristics create an atmosphere for increased involvement for some actors compared to others. The budgetary dichotomy-duality model does provide for some residual usefulness in determining levels of involvement for local government actors. If applied to a single government unit during the budget formulation process, it could be determined as to which group of actors has the most influence between the elected officials and the administration.

This thesis presents a field experiment on the topic of ethnic discrimination in the contact between citizens and local Swedish politicians. A correspondence technique was used to investigate whether ethnicity affects how responsive Municipal Commissioners are to questions regarding school politics. By sending an email to each Municipal Commissioner, randomising whether a putative Arabic or Swedish alias was used, it aimed to find potentialpatterns in how different groups of citizens are treated by their local political representatives. In total, eight fictitious individuals were created which each contained a unique mixture of ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic status. In general, the result shows no statistically significant signs of discrimination of individuals with Arabic-sounding names. Evidence of gender disparities among Arabic individuals was neither found. However, Arabic females are significantly less likely to receive a reply than Swedish females. Furthermore, the result indicates that socioeconomic status affects political responsiveness toward individuals with Arabic background. This should be considered problematic and noteworthy in the case of Sweden, given its reputation of being a highly egalitarian and well-functioning democracy. The findings further stress the importance to acknowledge that different categories of social identities may interact with ethnic discrimination. This consequently calls upon appropriate approaches to study it.

Ce mémoire a pour objectif d'examiner l'impact des réformes ottomanes (1839-1876) sur la communauté arménienne d'Anatolie orientale. Plus spécifiquement, nous voulions voir si ces réformes, dans cette région, eurent un impact sur la condition de cette communauté, sur les relations qu'elle entretenait avec l'autorité ottomane, sur celles existant en son sein et, finalement, sur la relation existant entre elle et la communauté turque ottomane qui l'entourait. Trois hypothèses principales sous-tendaient ce travail. Nous pensions premièrement que les réformes ottomanes auraient une incidence beaucoup plus faible en Anatolie orientale que dans la capitale de l'Empire ottoman, Constantinople. Nous pensions deuxièmement que ces réformes n'auraient pas d'impact significatif sur la condition générale des Arméniens de cette région, ainsi que sur l'ordre traditionnel sur lequel cette communauté reposait. Troisièmement, nous pensions que les réformes auraient engendré des tensions entre Arméniens et Turcs ottomans d'Anatolie orientale en raison de l'emphase de celles-ci, surtout à partir de 1856, sur l'amélioration de la condition des Chrétiens de l'Empire. Pour vérifier ces hypothèses, nous avons utilisé comme source principale une partie des archives du American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), laquelle contient des documents et correspondances de missionnaires de cette organisation ayant oeuvré auprès des Arméniens ottomans au courant du 19e siècle. Suite à l'étude de cette source, les conclusions principales ressortant de ce travail sont les suivantes. Les réformes eurent en effet une résonance bien moins grande auprès des Arméniens d'Anatolie orientale qu'auprès de ceux résidant dans la capitale de l'Empire. De plus, ces réformes n'ont pas eu d'impact significatif sur la condition des Arméniens de cette région. Leur véritable impact s'observe plutôt dans l'émergence de la communauté arménienne protestante qui fera face à une vive opposition de l'élite arménienne grégorienne. Finalement, les sources utilisées dans le cadre de ce texte ne nous ont pas permis de vérifier la troisième hypothèse, les missionnaires du ABCFM ne se prononçant pas sur les relations entre les majorités arménienne et turque ottomane d'Anatolie orientale. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Réformes ottomanes, Tanzimâts, Arméniens, Empire ottoman, ABCFM, Missionnaires.

No description available.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Educational Leadership / W. Franklin Spikes / This study sought to understand reasons for participation and non-participation in national incident management system (NIMS) and incident command system (ICS) training by elected officials in the state of Kansas as well as motivations and perceived barriers to participation in this training. County commissioners and mayors from first class and second class cities in the state were the population for this study (n = 202). One instrument comprised of three parts was utilized; a slightly modified version of the Deterrents to Participation Scale (DPS-G) developed by Darkenwald and Valentine in 1984, a slightly modified version of the Education Participation Scale (EPS-A) used by Morstain and Smart (1974) and based on the original work of Boshier (1971), and the third part of the instrument which gathered demographic information. Findings for the study noted that while there was a self-reported percentage of over 51% completion of NIMS training, the target population may be unaware of the Homeland Security and Kansas Emergency Management parameter for participation and are not in compliance with the emergency management institute (EMI) testing and reporting standards. The question of motivations to participation noted that although the EPS-A showed strong reliability to the target population, upon closer scrutiny the questions did not align for this population as they had for previously surveyed populations. A new version of the EPS for elected officials has been suggested for subsequent studies. The DPS-G was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for the target population. Additional demographic variables of age, rural/urban and time in position were explored. None of these variables were found to be significant to the participation decision. The possibility of a prediction model for participation was explored through a stepwise logistic regression. The model should be explored further utilizing several factors from the DPS – G (personal problems, lack of personal priority, and lack of confidence) as possible significant barriers. The qualitative responses on the survey noted the high percentage of respondents that had a lack of knowledge or understanding of the requirements or had questions on availability of the training. Implications and recommendations for the target populations and to the field of study are discussed.

The International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners has been actively engaged in the development of a new, legally binding international framework for privacy and data protection. Given the existence of three international privacy and data protection regimes (i.e. the OECD Privacy Guidelines, the EU data protection framework and the APEC Privacy Framework) and the availability of other bilateral venues to resolve transnational data flows issues (e.g. the EU-US Safe Harbor agreement, the Umbrella Agreement and the latest, the Privacy Shield arrangement), the thesis asks whether the development of such a new regime is feasible. The main finding of the thesis is that in an era of a globalized society driven by the internet and information-communications technology, where all three of the leading international privacy and data protection regimes are consistently updating and modifying their respective frameworks, and where there is persistent divergence between the European Union and the United States approaches towards transborder data flow, the emergence of a new, legally binding international framework is unlikely, at least under the prevailing circumstances. Therefore, the thesis calls for a shift towards an institutionalized arrangement that is founded on existing international co-operation and convergence and that further expands ongoing inter-regime collaboration. The approach recommended in the thesis is an effective alternative to the development of a new, legally binding international framework, and even offers strong prospects for the evolution of a legalized arrangement for international privacy and personal data governance in due course.

Les conclusion des commissaires du gouvernement près le Conseil d’État sont un discours d'un type particulier. Appelés à proposer, en toute indépendance et impartialité, une solution à chaque litige, les commissaires du gouvernement contribuent, sans y participer, à l’exercice par le juge administratif de la fonction de dire le droit. L’étude de la construction de la théorie jurisprudentielle du service public durant la période 1873-1956, sous l’angle du discours des commissaires du gouvernement, permet de comprendre à la fois la catégorie juridique de service public et l’institution du commissaire du gouvernement. Spécifique par son statut, ses fonctions et sa méthode, le discours des commissaires du gouvernement éclaire sous un jour nouveau l’histoire de l’élaboration de la catégorie de service public qui, par sa densité conceptuelle et sa fonction fédératrice dans le droit administratif, accède au rang de théorie jurisprudentielle. La richesse de cette histoire fournit d’innombrables matériaux afin de comprendre la particularité du discours des commissaires du gouvernement, lesquels proposent des adaptations constantes de l’état du droit, tout en cherchant à préserver l’œuvre prétorienne du Conseil d’État. Leur attachement profond à la théorie jurisprudentielle du service public montre que celle-ci devient, au fil du temps, un élément inséparable de l’histoire de l’institution. / The conclusions of the Government Commissioners at the Conseil d’État are a particular type of speech. Appointend to propose, with complete independence and impartiality, a solution to each case, the Government commissioners contribute to the exercise by the formation of judgement of the judcial function, without participating. The study of the development of the jurisprudential theory of public service during the period 1873-1956 from the point of view of the speeche of the Government commissioners makes it possible to understand both the category of public service and the institution of the Government commissioner. Specific by its status, its functions and its method, the speech of the Government Commissioners sheds new light on the story analyzed of the elaboration of the category of public service which, by its conceptual density and unifying function in the Administrative law, attains the rank of jurisprudentialtheory. The richness of this story provides countless materials to understand the particularity of the speech of government commissioners, who propose constant adaptations of the positive law, while seeking to preserve the jurisprudential work of the Conseil d’État. Their deep attachment to the jurisprudential theory of public service shows that it becomes, over time, an inseparable element of the history of the institution.