Este trabalho consiste em abordar o conceito de fetichismo da mercadoria, de Karl Marx, presente principalmente na obra O Capital. Ao fazer essa abordagem, a pesquisa encontrou aspectos de certa teoria da ação que estariam presentes na problemática do fetichismo. As relações entre a ação e a representação formam o eixo que permeia toda a pesquisa. Está dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro, se apresenta o fetichismo como um problema que relaciona de modo muito particular a ação e a representação. Para refletir sobre estes aspectos buscamos, nos capítulos seguintes, alguns pontos da teoria da ação de Aristóteles como a responsabilidade moral, a diferença entre práxis e poiêsis, a divisão entre o intelecto prático e o teórico e a figura do acrático. Tais conceitos são articulados de modo que o fetichismo pode ser visto como um problema de uma teoria da ação / This work addresses the concept of commodity fetishism, from Karl Marx\'s book The Capital. By doing this approach, this research has found certain aspects of the theory of action that would be present in the problematic of fetishism. The relationship between action and representation form the axis that permeates all research. It is divided into three chapters. At the first, it presents fetishism as a problem that relates most particularly the action and representation. To think about these aspects we look for, in the following chapters, some points of the action theory of Aristotle as a moral responsibility, the difference between praxis and poiesis, the division between the theoretical and the practical intellect and the figure of akratic. Such concepts are so articulated that fetishism can be seen as a problem of a theory of action

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2018-10-30T22:34:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilmar_Derengoski_2018.pdf: 894012 bytes, checksum: 48f662b46620dd2cb10c996ad188b65a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-30T22:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilmar_Derengoski_2018.pdf: 894012 bytes, checksum: 48f662b46620dd2cb10c996ad188b65a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present dissertation pretens conceptualize the value theory in Karl Marx through his most expressive book: The Capital - Critique of Political Economy - Book I - The Process of Capital Production (2013). As well as analyzing the social relationship inserted in the capitalist system mode of production. For this work, we searching demonstrate in detail the operation of capitalist system. We showing for Marx the capitalist mode of production is guid by the production and exchange of products. For this purpose we show in detail on the relationship between producers and consumers as a fundamental base for the totally operation of the system. Starting from the most simplest relationship and arriving in the most complex. For this idea we conceptualize the goods according of inseparable two sides: value of use and value of change. Then we go in to the concrete and objective relationship of the system, in the market effectively. We also going present the genesis of money-form and how this becomes universal equivalent for market changes. Evidencig the fetishistic character of the goods when the capitalist system is consolidated. Finally, we go evidencing how the accumulation of money replaces the production of goods for the human subsistence by the production of products with the objective of accumulation of money, the accumulation of riches. What finishing up conditioning reality and making appearance overcome the essence, thus transforming social relationship, which leave to be direct and concrete and become indirect and abstract. / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo conceituar a teoria do valor em Karl Marx através de sua obra de maior expressão: O Capital – Crítica da economia política – Livro I – O processo de produção do capital (2013). Bem como de analisar as relações sociais inseridas no modo de produção capitalista. Para isso procuramos demonstrar detalhadamente como o sistema capitalista funciona. Evidenciaremos que para Marx o modo de produção capitalista é pautado pela produção e pela troca de produtos. Para tal intento trabalhamos detalhadamente a relação entre produtores e consumidores como pilar fundamental para o pleno funcionamento do sistema. Partindo das relações mais simples e chegando nas mais complexas. Para isso conceituamos a mercadoria segundo seus dois lados indissociáveis: valor de uso e valor de troca. Em seguida adentramos na relação concreta e objetiva do sistema, no mercado efetivamente. Apresentamos também a gênese da forma-dinheiro e como ela se torna equivalente universal para as trocas de mercadorias. Destacando o caráter fetichista da mercadoria quando o sistema capitalista se encontra consolidado. Por fim, procuramos destacar como o acúmulo de dinheiro substitui a produção de mercadoria para a subsistência humana pela produção de mercadoria com o objetivo de acúmulo de dinheiro, o acúmulo de riquezas. O que acaba por condicionar a realidade e fazer com que a aparência se sobreponha a essência, transformando assim as relações sociais, que deixam de ser diretas e concretas e passam a ser indiretas e abstratas.

Este estudo é sobre as transformações vividas pelos indivíduos na porção meridional da Serra do Espinhaço do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Estas transformações se manifestam aparentemente como uma expansão da indústria do turismo. Porém, na realidade elas são expressão das determinações impostas ali pela crise da sociedade do trabalho. / This study deals with the social changes experienced by people from the southern area of Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. These changes are related to the increase of the tourism industry however they are determined by crise o work society reproduction.

Chapter 1 ---Does the party of government influence the amount and type of inward foreign investment? The results of a number of correlational studies provide inconsistent evidence. However none of these studies - for any level of government or any jurisdiction - have used methods that allow them to speak to causal effects. Regression discontinuity (RD) method is applied to a set of narrow-margin US gubernatorial elections. Over the course of a four-year term the election of a Republican governor causes a 21% boost in the growth of manufacturing-oriented FDI stock, compared to a Democrat. This effect is robust to a series of challenges. However, the same approach provides no evidence that partisanship matters for the overall level of FDI. Chapter 2 ---Does an economic shock open a window of opportunity for reform, and if it does, how does the institution of a state play a role? The paper investigates how economic shocks affect the structural reforms in various institutions. This paper addresses this issue by using the exogenous variation in the international price of large commodity goods to generate the exogenous change in national income. The analysis relies on a unique mapping between new annual data from 1962 to 2005 on economic shocks from commodity prices and structural reforms in 111 countries. I find significant heterogeneous effects across sectors in autocratic countries. In autocracies, positive economic shocks promote reforms in real sectors, but deter reforms in financial sectors. However the impact of economic shocks on structural reform in democratic countries is nil. Chapter 3 ---The deregulation of branch banking across the United States substantially increased the availability of credit to existing borrowers and others who has previously been excluded. Exploiting the staggered timing of changes across states for identification it is estimated that deregulation caused a 3.3% increase in rates of suicide and a 4.7% increase in rates of divorce. This is consistent with a large body of evidence linking excess debt to various measures of individual and relationship distress. Results are in most cases statistically significant at levels much higher than 1%, and prove resilient in a battery of robustness checks and falsification exercises.

This paper sheds light on the differences and similarities in natural gas trading at the National Balancing Point in the UK and the Henry Hub located in the US. For this, we analyze traders' expectations and implement a mechanical forecasting model that allows traders to predict future spot prices. Based on this, we compute the deviations between expected and realized spot prices and analyze possible reasons and dependencies with other market variables. Overall, the mechanical predictor performs well, but a small forecast error remains which can not be characterized by the explanatory variables included.

In many Western countries and elsewhere, agriculture commodity exchanges have been in existence for centuries. However, Africa did not follow the same route for various reasons. The main reason is that commercial production of basic agricultural commodities considerably lagged that of its counter parts in the Western world. By the time commercial production became a significant factor, the philosophy of government controlled marketing was already entrenched in many of these countries. It was only in the mid-1990’s after the demise of communism and the abolishment of the South African controlled marketing system (not related), that farmers and stakeholders suddenly asked, how should we now go about to market our products, what are the alternatives? Western models were revisited, with commodity exchanges as a possible solution revisited. An urgent need aroused regarding the requirements for the establishment and management of a successful Warehouse Receipt System (WRS). Malawi, is one country that that has a history of government controlled marketing followed by (partial) deregulation in 2006. Despite this, the Agricultural Commodity Exchange for Africa (ACE) was established in 2005, survived and continued to grow. It has now reached a point where it is on the verge of commercially implementing and rolling out a WRS. This has obviously brought forward a number of questions. The most prominent of these are: how do you define a WRS, what are the components of a successful WRS, what are the similarities or differences between the requirements of a successful commodity exchange and that of a WRS? The objective of this study is to determine the importance of a WRS in the success of an agricultural commodity exchange. ACE has advocated for a WRS as an integral part of agricultural trade and financing since its incorporation in 2006. However, Malawi does not have a regulatory framework for warehouse receipts (WRs) so the system has to be built on contractual relationships between grain depositors, storage operators, financial institutions and ACE. Given that various commodity exchanges have been in operation throughout Africa for more than a decade with various degrees of success, sufficient literature is available on the subject matter. Much effort was made to obtain all relevant documentation, trusting that some valuable lessons are to be gleaned from these documents. This study briefly looked at the recent history on the establishment of commodity exchanges in Eastern and Southern Africa and the importance of a WRS and the role that warehouse receipt financing has played in their development. The objective was to learn from their experience and/or mistakes and to benefit from their success. Over recent years, the role, benefits and in some cases, the reasons for the failure of commodity exchanges in Africa, have extensively been researched. The study captures some of the invaluable observations made by many experts in this subject field. Aspects dealt with include, inter alia, the benefits of a successful WRS and a commodity exchange. This study deals with the requirements of a WRS, followed by the rules. The latter have been revisited and evaluated for Malawi, given its unique circumstances and the ever changing environment. Many of the processes have been visually depicted in a set of flow charts. This is followed by an analysis of the bank credit policies and procedures required for financing the WRs. As elaborated and included in the annexures, a draft product proposal has been compiled for bank product managers to submit to their respective credit policy committees seeking approval for the product. The process of financing a warehouse certificate and its redemption is dealt with in detail. In the latter part, this study looked at the role of the insurance companies and best practices followed in other countries. Other aspects highlighted are the corporate structure of ACE, government intervention, the Reserve Bank of Malawi (RBM), the IT structure, marketing, price information and arbitration. The study concludes that a well-designed and custom made WRS (for ACE) depends on various components. They are an online trading system, warehouse receipt (WR) financing, insurance, generic grading regulations and registered warehouses. ACE would struggle to grow and functions properly without a successful WRS. ACE could overcome many other obstacles such as inappropriate government interference, export restrictions, etc. However, ACE needs to be operationally competent and for ACE this is tied to a successful WRS. If ACE could succeed, it will serve as a case study for other countries and exchanges in the region to learn from. Lastly, a series of recommendations are made. The recommendations deal with findings from the study that needs to be addressed. Some issues are urgent and others may be dealt with over the longer term. Certain issues fell outside the scope of this study but still deserve attention. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

The first chapter contains cocenpts of commodity exchanges and aspects of futures trading and speculation. In the second chapter is quite detailed description of methods of technical analysis, which are divided into patterns and indicators. The important factors of developing a trading system are mentioned in the third chapter. These consists of terms, such as money-management, position sizing, stop-loss or necessity of keeping detailed trading diary. In the very last section of my work I am analysing my own trading using historical data. I am precisely indicating the chosen market, system of trading and its rules, used software and of course the results, that has been achieved.

The growth of network-based systems in flight test will present performance problems within the community. Legacy instrumentation systems are not capable of meeting the high-bandwidth, low latency data processing requirements of these next generation data acquisition systems. Ongoing research at Southwest Research Institute is exploring the use of a variety of commodity components, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and multicore Central Processing Units (CPUs), in ways that can be applied to both the small embedded components as well as the larger ground systems. This paper will explore an open, scalable Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) approach to bridge the gap and minimize changes to the legacy systems. Current results from this approach will be presented at the conference.

This master´s thesis deals with trade with crude oil and its impact on the world economy. Everyone, who wants to start to trade with crude oil, should find out basic terminology and information about crude oil that is characterized in the first chapter. The hunt for oil started many years ago, therefore the history is also mentioned in this master´s thesis. The second chapter focuses on the world trade with crude oil. Territorial structure and trade flows are described in this part of the master´s thesis. Nevertheless, the crude oil also has an impact on the world economy and economies of single states. The third chapter analyses states, where the inhabitants live beyond means of people from other countries but these states are so depended on crude oil that if this trade stopped, these countries would go bankrupt. However, there are also exceptions. Even though, there are states that have huge sources of crude oil, they still have to deal with financial problems. The forth chapter characterizes the trade with crude oil of the Czech Republic because it is a net importer of crude oil and the last chapter focuses on new trends in crude oil such as shale oil and trading at a crude oil market.

This thesis deals with commodity risk and its context. It concerns the commodity market, types of traded commodities, exchanges on which commodities are traded and pricing method usual for commodity market. The first section of the thesis consists of a theoretical perspective on measuring commodity risk and describes the derivatives used to hedging commodities. In the second section is a key part of the work calculations of the statistical characteristics of commodities, practical methods of measuring risk, modeling Value at Risk, stress scenarios and measuring risk using hedging transactions in the financial market. The aim is to measure the commodity risk for various risk situations on a commodity market.