<p> This dissertation is a history of topical invention in U.S. rhetorical studies. Topical invention is the procedurally structured and/or organized thinking-out of propositions in text, speech, or other symbolic products; it is the structured and systematized method of invention originally developed by Aristotle, often referred to by the Greek <i>topoi</i> or the Latin <i>loci.</i> Although it goes by many names in recent history, topical invention has a structure based on Michael Leff&rsquo;s definition of topical invention that shares five common aspects: data, claims or conclusions, linkages, sources, and topics. Data are some set of contextual knowledge, claims or conclusions are statements that express a truth value based on data, linkages are the expressed or implicit relationship between data and claims or conclusions, sources are methods for finding linkages, and topics are the naming of discrete entities in a system for invention.</p><p> This history selects texts dealing with topical invention in U.S. rhetorical studies discourse published between 1914 and 2014. A text was considered to be dealing with topical invention if it had an explicit discussion of topical invention or a discussion matching the structure of topical invention. U.S. rhetorical studies is the discourse community present in journals published by the four major United States professional societies studying rhetoric&mdash;the National Communication Association, the National Council of Teachers of English, the Rhetoric Society of America, and the American Society for the History of Rhetoric&mdash;and the publications <i>Philosophy &amp; Rhetoric</i> and <i>Rhetoric Review.</i> Texts were selected and interpreted using a deconstructive reading and pluralistic and idiographic ideologies of history.</p><p> Although work on topical invention in the last century has neither a single coherent concept nor consistent terminology, it maintains a deep structure in which topics identify the sources for linkages that connect claims and conclusions to the data upon which they are based. This structure can be used to identify instances of topical invention in scholarly discussions and to analyze the shifts, trends, developments, and changes in topical invention over the last 100 years. The changes to, various conceptions of, and potential future developments for topical invention as evidenced by its shifting structure across the last century are presented in this dissertation.</p>

The purpose of this study is to examine a situated instance of discourse, in this case testimony during the Congressional hearings in Honolulu on Guam commonwealth legislation, and to locate this testimony in the system of commonwealth negotiations. Texts are analyzed for underlying moral orders through multiple readings which tease out moral orientations of care and justice. Additionally, the testimony is examined for central metaphors and the various ways in which the island is imagined as a community. The moral orders are then juxtaposed to display similarities and differences between them. Finally, in identifying some underlying assumptions about conflict, the place of the hearings in the larger context of commonwealth negotiations is examined. Most moral orders represented in the testimony were some combination of care and justice orientations. The moral voice of care most frequently spoke of "pain." Those texts which included a justice orientation made frequent references to "rights." An instance which encapsulates the way in which moral orientations of care and justice are combined in the testimony is found in the visions shared for Guam's new relationship (an aspect of care) with the U.S.: one based on fairness (an aspect of justice). A central metaphor of Guam as adolescent in the American political family surfaced across all categories of moral order. The analysis exposes the great diversity underlying the statements, bringing to the fore deep-rooted differences which account for the seeming interminability of the conflict. This study extends the application of moral order analysis beyond personal narrative into a different form of communication, political testimony. In the secondary analysis for metaphor and imagined communities, connections are made between human development theory and international political relations. The language of family masks the power imbalance in the Guam-U.S. relationship as parental concern. Within the context of commonwealth negotiations, the hearings in Honolulu function to reconstruct a pattern of quiescence in which the people of Guam are persuaded by symbolic means that progress is being made toward defining a new political relationship with the U.S.

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The fundamental question in design communication is how closely the architect's intention matches what the viewer perceives in the proposed design representation. The goal of this thesis is to find more efficient means to facilitate understanding of design ideas, especially between the architect and the client or other lay-people.In the following sections this will be accomplished by investigating the history of various communication modes and evaluating their significance. The development of communication technology throughout recent centuries has contributed to changes in the architectural process. After assessing the current situation of applying communication technology in the architectural process, the thesis concludes with a scenario. The scenario will describe a futuristic architectural process, which eliminates misunderstanding in design presentations by using the next level of communication technology - immersive computer generated spaces. / Department of Architecture

Since the early 1990s, it has been all but impossible to ignore the media hype prompted by the sudden advent and appeal of the computer-mediated communications context. However, as alarmist tales of alleged online dangers have moved to the fore, legislators in some jurisdictions have called for new regulatory measures to limit its communicative potential. This dissertation undertakes a socio-historical analysis of this phenomenon. Influenced by the historical perspective of Ithiel de Sola Pool (1983), its initial goal is to illuminate how the introduction of print, common carrier and broadcast-based communications technologies has prompted key social actors to advocate, or create, particular regulatory regimes and practices. This will show how certain political, economic and moral interests and agendas have shaped the uses and development of previous communications technologies. Following this analysis, an examination of the rhetoric underlying contemporary efforts to regulate the online medium is presented. This will bring focus to how new communications technologies are defying traditional, territorially-bound models of regulation and control. Thereafter, a case study of the communicative roles and relationships that have informed present-day regulatory initiatives is undertaken. Guided by theoretical and methodological insights culled from the sociological literature on moral panics, it uses relevant print and online media sources to expose specific meaning-making practices that triggered the outbreak of an international panic over the alleged pervasiveness of online pornography in mid-1995. This will highlight the extent to which the mainstream media---via representations of the interests and agendas of actors and groups from a range of societal sectors---have influenced new communications policy debates. In addition, it will demonstrate how the online medium's unique communicative potential has empowered some of its users to reinterpret and counter the agend

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Tedestam, Joel, 2021. Kommunerna och järnhästen. En studie om kommunerna i västra Smålands påverkan på nedläggningen av persontrafiken på järnvägslinjen Värnamo-Kärreberga. (The Municipalities and the Iron Horse. A study about the municipalities in western Småland and their impact on the shutdown of the passenger traffic on the railway line Värnamo-Kärreberga). C-level.    The purpose of this essay is to explore the actions taken during 1960 to 1970 by relevant municipalities in regards to the shutdown of the passenger traffic on the railway line Värnamo-Kärreberga in 1968. The study also aims to bridge the areas of municipal and railroad history using this event as a focus for both disciplines and it will hopefully provide a more nuanced picture of the event itself concerning the roles the municipal governments had during the shutdown. The study employs primarily the method of text analysis and the source material is based on city council protocols from the municipalities themselves as well as a couple private archives.    The shutdown of passenger traffic on the railway sparked different levels of reaction from the municipalities, ranging from the largely passive to the almost defiant. Tensions were high as the region were poised to lose part of a transportation system that had been operational since 1899 and had deeply impacted the region’s societal and economic development. In order to solve the problems however, the councils showed the pragmatism that was characteristic of the Swedish municipalities at the time.   Key words: Municipal history, railway history, communication history, local history.

Submitted by Luciana Farias (admiacs2@vm.uff.br) on 2017-07-06T16:33:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEcompleta.pdf: 4652969 bytes, checksum: e5769d9d677df9e7f925451038da268f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jussara Moore (jussaramoore@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-12T13:58:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEcompleta.pdf: 4652969 bytes, checksum: e5769d9d677df9e7f925451038da268f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T13:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEcompleta.pdf: 4652969 bytes, checksum: e5769d9d677df9e7f925451038da268f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. / Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. / Esta tese é um ensaio interpretativo sobre a oralidade e o letramento no Brasil e sua relação com os meios de comunicação, construída na duração histórica, da segunda metade do século XVII à década de 1950. Investiga esses regimes de processamento da informação, através das marcas e vestígios dados a ler em textos literários de época e em romances históricos da contemporaneidade que com eles dialogam, considerados exemplares para compreender o processo. O trabalho parte da hipótese maior segundo a qual a configuração da sociedade brasileira, sobretudo no que diz respeito às práticas culturais do povo comum atravessadas pelos media é, sobretudo, uma construção da oralidade, nas formas de produzir, armazenar, fazer circular as mensagens e delas se apropriar, ainda que sob a influência da escrita, para dotar de sentido a experiência. O principal objetivo da pesquisa é descobrir as especificidades desses modos de comunicação, nas duas primeiras capitais, desde a Cidade da Bahia, nos anos em que se estabeleceram as bases da Colônia, até o Rio de Janeiro que abrigou a Corte Imperial, viu nascer a República e protagonizou a Grande Era Vargas, quando o rádio inaugura a comunicação de massa no Brasil, amparado na oralidade. Este marco na história da mídia em nosso país e sua relação com o público, edificado e consolidado na longa duração, aponta ainda para o estatuto de permanência do oral na televisão e nas novas plataformas da informação, tanto na forma quanto no conteúdo, constantemente modificado em sua dinâmica, até os nossos dias. A pesquisa está fundamentada nas teorias da Escola de Comunicação de Toronto, no pensamento antropológico e social brasileiro, nos estudos culturais ingleses e no referencial metodológico da história cultural francesa, norte-americana e brasileira / This thesis is an interpretative essay on orality and literacy in Brazil and its relation with the media, constructed in the historical duration, from the second half of the seventeenth century to the 1950s. It investigates these regimes of information processing, through the marks And vestiges given to read in literary texts of the time and historical novels of the contemporaneity that dialogue with them, considered exemplary to understand the process. The work is based on the greater hypothesis that the configuration of Brazilian society, especially with regard to the cultural practices of the common people crossed by the media, is mainly a construction of orality, in the ways of producing, storing, circulating messages and Of them to appropriate, even under the influence of writing, to give meaning to the experience. The main objective of the research is to discover the specificities of these modes of communication, in the first two capitals, from the City of Bahia, in the years when the foundations of the Colony were established, until Rio de Janeiro, which housed the Imperial Court, Republic and starred in the Vargas Era, when the radio inaugurated mass communication in Brazil, supported by orality. This milestone in the history of the media in our country and its relationship with the public, built and consolidated in the long term, also points to the permanence status of oral television and new information platforms, both in form and content, constantly modified In its dynamics, to the present day. The research is based on theories of the Toronto School of Communication, Brazilian anthropological and social thought, English cultural studies and the methodological framework of French, North American and Brazilian cultural history

台灣原住民族廣播自1945年以降發展至今，各時期的廣播政策與現象因當時的國內政經、科技等局勢的變遷，而台灣原住民族廣播相關政策與現象發展隨之變化。然而我國以政經之傳播史學觀點探究至今仍乏人問津，政府的原住民族廣播相關政策也未有完詳的連貫性回顧與剖析，並且我國原住民族廣播至今尚未有專屬政策與法規，因此原住民族廣播發展背後的引導因素乃值得深度探索。 本研究以1945後至今各年代的我國政經發展為論述脈絡，乃包括台灣光復初期、解嚴前後、十梯次廣播頻道開放、蘭嶼廣播電台的創立、政府獎勵補助時期等年代，透過產官學之文獻資料蒐集，以及相關政府部門、第三部門與廣播人士的深度訪談，結合原住民族政經結構與廣播發展雙管齊下的史料分析，希冀達到史料與政經脈絡的對話。本研究核心乃著重在剖析各年代政府在原住民族廣播政策的規劃，並以多方比照的角度觀看解嚴前後國家機器力量透過哪些資源、營運類型與管道對原住民族發聲，以及探討解嚴前後原住民族在廣播營運所有權、語言近用等權利轉變情況。 根據本研究結果指出，1945年至解嚴前是政府國家機器掌控原住民族廣播發聲管道，並以山地平地化政策透過各行政部門對原住民族廣播訊息。解嚴後十梯次廣播頻道開放與廣播節目獎勵補助政策，以及各種跡象可得知政府、漢人與私人資本掌控當今原住民族廣播之營運，原住民族廣播之營運所有權仍掌控在漢人手中。本研究從史學觀點回顧原住民族廣播發展，殷盼不僅從中找尋各年代的廣播發展的歷程，解構原住民族廣播發展困境的背後意涵，並彙整原住民族廣播史料，供相關產官學界反思與借鏡。

Comunicação Suplementar e/ou Alternativa (CSA) é uma área clínica reconhecida pela ASHA (1991) que visa suprir temporária ou permanentemente dificuldades severas de comunicação oral, seja qual for o fator etiológico e a idade do indivíduo em questão. É uma área ainda recente no Brasil, havendo poucos estudos científicos, sobretudo que a relacionem com o trabalho cognitivo e de linguagem e com quadros de alteração sensório-motora em crianças. A hipótese inicial é que haja pré-requisitos cognitivos e de linguagem para a abordagem direta da CSA. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo relacionar o nível de desenvolvimento cognitivo e de linguagem com o desempenho do trabalho de CSA com crianças com Paralisia Cerebral. Utilizou-se como amostra nove crianças com paralisia cerebral, com idades entre 4;0 e 9;11. Cada criança foi avaliada a partir de um protocolo estabelecido para determinar sua etapa de desenvolvimento cognitivo e de linguagem. Paralela a esta avaliação registrou-se o desempenho da criança no uso da CSA e a descrição detalhada do seu material - tipo de sistema utilizado, número de símbolos no total e por categoria semântica, forma de disposição e tipo de acesso. No caso das crianças que apresentaram uso eficiente da CSA, aplicou-se um questionário sobre sua comunicação aos pais/responsáveis. Os dados foram relacionados e analisados comparando essencialmente a etapa cognitiva com o desempenho no uso de CSA. Quanto ao questionário e análise comparativa do material de CSA, não foi possível estudo mais aprofundado visto que apenas uma criança apresentava uso eficiente da CSA no momento da avaliação. A partir da comparação realizada entre os desempenhos nas provas e no uso da CSA, verificou-se que apenas as crianças caracterizadas no período pré-operatório demonstraram usar a CSA de forma eficiente, o que sugere que de fato há pré-requisitos para o uso de sistemas gráficos de CSA / The Augmentative and/or Alternative Communication (AAC) is a clinical area recognized by ASHA (1991) that attempts to compensate, temporarily or permanently, severe expressive communication disorders, being whatever the etiologic factor and the age of the subject studied. It is still a recent area in Brazil, with few scientific studies, above all that associates the AAC with the cognitive and language intervention and with developmental neuromotor disorder. The initial hypothesis is that cognitive and language pre-requisites exist for a direct intervention with AAC. The present research had the aim of verifying the relationship between the cognitive and language development level and the learning of the AAC, in children with cerebral palsy. The subjects of the research were nine children with cerebral palsy, with age ranging from 4;0 to 9;11 years old. Each child was assessed by a set protocol in order to determine the cognitive and language development level. Moreover, it was registered the performance of the child with the AAC use and the detailed description of her material - type of system and selection, arrangement of symbols, and total number of symbols and by semantic category. In the case the children present efficient use of AAC, a questionnaire about their communication was applied to their parents/responsibles. The data were related and analyzed comparing, essentially (principally), the cognitive level and the performance in the use of the AAC. In relation to the questionnaire and the comparative analysis of the AAC material, it was not possible to make a deeper study due to only one child presented efficient AAC use in the assessment occasion. According to the comparison done between the performance in the tests and the use of AAC, it was verified that only the children in the preoperational level demonstrated an effective use of the AAC. The results suggest that it really exists a pre-requisite for the AAC representational systems use