Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Carlos Silva.pdf: 1624561 bytes, checksum: 1792dbf442711d24d863dee9493eadf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-24 / This work presents an analysis of the interpretation of legal discourse that highlights features of pragmatics, with emphasis on a topical-rhetorical approach of the normative text. The proposed discussion takes into account theoretical features of the pragmatics field, analyzing its presence as one of man´s concerns for a long time. It reveals its characterization and then proceeds with the indication of the essential elements of rhetoric, with Chaïm Perelman, and topic with Theodor Viehweg. The study undertaken in two author´s work stays limited to the exposure of rupture the mathematical logic and the proposition of forming a rationality adequate to law. It also deals with notions related to the communicative situation and the need of proof presentation, as well as the foundation of the philosophy of law as a research basis pointing to a theory of argumentation. Its take the doctrine of discourse to explain its elements and pragmatic functions, transposing it to the legal discourse. There is an Endeavour to report the minimum elements for a definition of legal interpretation, while the main characteristics are emphasized. It goes on dealing with the initial analysis of the presence of legislative intent in the interpretation process, proceeding with the investigation of the relationship of the power of symbolic violence. It establishes the analysis of the rational legislator's construct to give basis to a juridical rationality fit to value the pragmatics aspect of language; it reopens the debate of what one searches in the act of interpreting, between the will of the legislator and of the law. It becomes present the possibility of dealing with such a question pragmactically, without adhering to one or other position, that could be called ideological. In order to make explicit the construction of law pragmatic interpretation, the interpreter proceeds carefully in the analysis of the clarity and doubts of juridical interpretation. Finally, this work presents the technical rules used in law in the search of decidability, explaining the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic nature. The object aimed is the analysis of juridical discourse and language through the explicit option of topic-retoric, in the purpose of giving basis and appealing to the interpretation that takes into account the pragmatic aspect of the language. The chosen method is monographic-descriptive, through the exam of literature and documents. The final part of this work tries to demonstrate the viability and relevance of the inclusion of the pragmatic element as essential to the interpretation of legal texts / Apresenta a análise de uma interpretação do discurso jurídico pondo em relevo os aspectos da pragmática, com destaque para uma abordagem tópica-retórica do texto normativo. A discussão empreendida toma em conta aspectos teóricos do âmbito da pragmática, analisando sua presença como preocupação do homem desde há muito tempo. Para isto apresenta sua caracterização, partindo em seguida para a indicação dos elementos essenciais da retórica, com Chaïm Perelman e da tópica, com Theodor Viehweg. O estudo empreendido no trabalho de ambos é limitado à exposição do rompimento da lógica matemática e proposta de formação de racionalidade adequado ao direito, para o primeiro, e a apresentação de noções situação comunicativa e dever de prova, além da fundamentação da filosofia do direito como investigação de base a apontar uma teoria da argumentação, no segundo. Toma-se a doutrina do discurso para explicitar seus elementos e funções pragmáticas, transpondo-o para o discurso jurídico. Informa os elementos mínimos para uma definição de interpretação jurídica e ressalta-se as suas características principais. Avança na análise inicial da presença da intenção legislativa no processo de interpretação, para em seguida proceder à investigação sobre sua relação com o poder de violência simbólica. Estabelece a análise do constructo do legislador racional para fundamentar uma racionalidade jurídica adequada à valoração do aspecto pragmático da linguagem e reabre a discussão sobre o que se busca quando se interpreta, entre a vontade do legislador e da lei, apresentando a possibilidade de lidar com tal questão pragmaticamente, sem aderir a uma ou outra posição chamada de ideológica. Para explicitar a construção da interpretação pragmática do direito procede-se à análise da clareza e dúvida na interpretação jurídica. Por fim, apresenta as regras técnicas utilizadas no direito para a busca da decidibilidade, explicitando os problemas de ordem sintática, semântica e pragmática. O objetivo é a análise do discurso e linguagem jurídicos através da opção explícita da tópica-retórica, visando a fundamentar e apelar pela interpretação que leve em conta o aspecto pragmático da língua. O método utilizado é o monográfico-descritivo, com análise bibliográfica e documental. Ao final demonstra-se a viabilidade e pertinência da inclusão da pragmática como elemento essencial à interpretação do texto normativo

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of linguistic tools typical for French political discourse. The thesis is based on an analysis of selected political speeches of former French President Nicolas Sarkozy. It tries to capture how a change in a specific political situation of a particular author can affect communicative strategies, discursive practices, and then select the linguistic tools due to the addressee in a particular communicative situation and the communicative intention. The first part of the thesis is focused on the rhetoric and stylistics, which contribute to the typological definition of texts falling within the French political discourse. The second part is based on an analysis of three essential political speeches Nicolas Sarkozy.

The aim of this study is to contribute to the existing knowledge about court interpreting in the Czech Republic, focusing on court interpreting as a communication process. The study brings an overview of findings on court interpreting in both the international and Czech context, particularly regarding the definition of court interpreting, its professionalization, institutionalisation, academisation and the fields of research. It subsequently details the specific issues regarding court interpreting in the Czech Republic, i.e. the entities connected with court interpreting, formal conditions of working as a court interpreter, the relevant legislation and ethical codex in the field of court interpreting, the court interpreter's job in practice and a focus on interpreting during criminal trials. Furthermore, the study looks into communicative situations, forms of interpreting, the process of the trial in criminal procedures and the participants in communicative events. The core part of the study includes three case studies conducted on the basis of authentic recordings and the transcription of relevant parts of the interpreted trials in criminal procedures. Each case study consists of a communicative situation analysis, contrastive structural analysis and pragmatic and interaction analysis. These...

El presente estudio analiza por qué estudiantes de educación secundaria del colegio Hideyo Noguchi que no tienen ascendencia japonesa empezaron a utilizar los préstamos del japonés en el día a día, y si es resultado del proceso de aprendizaje del japonés. Para ello se exploró tanto los préstamos adaptados, que son aquellos que sufren cambios morfológicos, fonológicos y ortográficos, como los préstamos no adaptados, que son los que no sufren ningún cambio al integrarse a la otra lengua. Se exploró el uso de estos préstamos mediante grupos focales de jóvenes estudiantes que no tienen ascendencia japonesa de 4to y 5to de secundaria del colegio peruano-japonés Hideyo Noguchi en Lima Metropolitana. El enfoque cualitativo utilizado en este estudio permitió recolectar información sobre los motivos del uso de los préstamos léxicos. Además, nos permitió clasificar las situaciones comunicativas en las que se utilizaban y con esto se descubrió casos de mezcla y cambio de código. Con la información recopilada, se pudo concluir que la cantidad de años de aprendizaje del japonés como lengua extranjera no era el motivo principal del uso de los préstamos léxicos. / The current paper analyses why the Hideyo Noguchi School non-descendant students started to use Japanese loanwords, and if it is the result of the Japanese learning process of secondary school students. Therefore, we explored adapted loanwords, the ones that suffer morphological, phonological or orthographic changes; and non-adapted loanwords, the ones that do not suffer any change when settling into another language. We explored the usage of these loanwords through focus groups of young, non-descendant, 4th and 5th grade students of the Japanese-Peruvian secondary school Hideyo Noguchi in Metropolitan Lima. We were able to collect information about the students’ reasons for using Japanese loanwords by using a qualitative approach. Also, we classified the communicative situations of the use of loanwords. Due to this, we discovered cases of code-mixing and code-switching. With all this information, we concluded that the amount of years they had spent learning Japanese as a foreign language was not the main reason of the use of Japanese loanwords. / Tesis

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the construction of a historical event in late medieval chronicles, in a way that increases our understanding of the mechanisms behind historiography. The analysis is based on how the coronation of Pope Clement V in 1305 and the accident which then took place, in which a wall crashed and killed a number of people, is depicted in a selection of 14th century chronicles, mainly from France. This event has been largely overlooked by previous research on Clement V and the Avignon Papacy, which has tended to emphasise its meaning as a bad omen for the pope. Through a close reading of the chronicles inspired by a comparative methodological approach and the theoretical framework of Suzanne Fleischman this thesis proves that the French chronicles do not give much actual support for the interpretation of the accident as a bad omen and that the event occurs in multiple versions, which can be explained by the chroniclers’ different attitudes towards the alliance between Pope Clement and King Philip the Fair of France. The different versions are dependent on the texts’ contrasting aims and uses of narratives and facts, and is ultimately defined by the communicative situation between writer and reader.