Orientador: Erotildes Maria Leal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T22:29:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dahl_CatarinaMagalhaes_M.pdf: 3047572 bytes, checksum: 43a67553dc0085c1ae55d0b2e47fd4e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O processo de restabelecimento (recovery), referido ao tema da experiência do adoecimento, na perspectiva de pessoas com problemas mentais graves, vem sendo cada vez mais investigado no panorama mundial. Desde a década de 1960, diversos estudos colocam em xeque o legado kraepeliniano acerca da esquizofrenia como um transtorno cujo prognóstico leva à progressiva deterioração e cronicidade. Tais estudos revelam a existência de um amplo e heterogêneo espectro de desfechos relativos ao processo saúde-doença vivenciado pelas pessoas com o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. No Brasil, os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) surgem no âmbito dos movimentos de Reforma Psiquiátrica e Sanitária, como equipamentos estratégicos, que têm como missão promover o acesso à saúde, o acolhimento, o cuidado integral e a reabilitação psicossocial das pessoas com problemas mentais graves, através da valorização das experiências e narrativas dos usuários destes serviços. Alguns autores, entretanto, atentam ao fato de que os CAPS ainda encontram desafios e obstáculos para superação do cuidado médico-centrado e hospitalocêntrico. Esta dissertação de mestrado está vinculada a um projeto de pesquisa mais amplo, realizado através da parceria entre a UFRJ, UNICAMP, UFF e a UFBA, com o apoio do CNPq. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo multicêntrico no qual se buscou analisar, a partir do quadro de referência da Fenomenologia interpretativa, as narrativas sobre a experiência do processo de restabelecimento (recovery), na perspectiva de pessoas que receberam o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia em tratamento nos CAPS de Campinas, Rio de Janeiro e Salvador. As estratégias metodológicas utilizadas para produção das informações foram: observação participante, entrevistas diagnósticas semi-estruturadas e grupos focais, que foram áudio-gravados e posteriormente transcritos, codificados e analisados. Dentre os 18 usuários participantes, 12 eram do gênero masculino, 10 eram solteiros, 7 eram brancos e 5 eram afro-descendentes (3 em Salvador e 2 no Rio). O nível de escolaridade dos participantes foi o seguinte: 8 usuários com ensino médio completo, 6 usuários com ensino médio incompleto e 4 com ensino fundamental incompleto. A média de idade dos usuários foi de aproximadamente 44 anos, com idade mínima de 30 anos e máxima de 64 anos. A partir do material analisado, identificamos as seguintes categorias temáticas: restabelecimento da experiência/consciência de si; efeitos do adoecimento; diagnóstico e efeitos do diagnóstico; experiência e efeitos da medicação; estratégias de lida e de existência; possibilidades e expectativas relacionadas ao futuro; causas/contingências relacionadas ao processo de restabelecimento; ideia de cura/melhora; contexto de tratamento nos CAPS; contexto dinâmico de vida/relações familiares e interpessoais e continuidade/descontinuidade da experiência, entre outras categorias. Nós também encontramos diferentes modos ou tipos de narrativas, como: causas/contingências, protótipos, descrição da experiência, narrativas éticomorais e narrativas corporificadas. Na perspectiva dos usuários, o restabelecimento (recovery) caracteriza-se como um processo complexo, não-linear, que envolve diferentes dimensões da vida. Apesar de vislumbrarem a possibilidade de melhora, para os usuários a perspectiva de cura e retorno a um estado anterior ao adoecimento parece remota, co-existindo, assim, perspectivas mais e/ou menos auspiciosas em relação ao processo de restabelecimento / Abstract: The recovery process, in the perspective of persons who received the diagnosis of schizophrenia, it has been increasingly studied worldwide. Since the 1960's, different studies has been questioned the kraepelin's legacy in which schizophrenia is seen as necessarily degenerating and chronic disorder. Such studies reveal the existence of a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of outcomes related to the disorder. In Brazil, the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) arise in the context of Psychiatric and Sanitary Reforms, as strategic services which objective is to promote the access,receptiveness, mental, comprehensive mental health care and social rehabilitation for persons with serious mental disorders However, some authors alert to the fact that the CAPS still find challenging obstacles to overcome the hospitalocentric care model This masters's dissertation is bounded to a wider multisite research project, carried out through a partnership between UFRJ, UNICAMP, UFF and UFBA and was funded by CNPq. It is a qualitative inquiry in wherein we analyzed, informed by the reference frame of Phenomenology and Hermeneutics, the narratives on the process of recovery, in the perspective of people with severe mental disorder, in treatment at the CAPS in Campinas, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. The methodological strategies for data collection was participant observation, diagnosis interviews and focus groups, which were recorded, transcribed, codified and analyzed Among the 18 participants, 12 were men, 10 were single, 7 caucasian and 5 afrodescendents (3 in Salvador and 2 in Rio) and 10 users's had less than 8 years of study. The age mean was 44 years, with minimum age with 30 years and maximum 64 a. We identified the following categories from data analysis: self experience/selfawareness; illness process effects; diagnosis and diagnosis effects; existence and coping strategies;possibilities related to the future; recovery process causes and contingences; idea of cure/mental health increasing; CAPS and treatment context; life dynamic context and family and interpersonal relations and continuity/discontinuity of experience. We found as well different narrative modes or types, such as: cause and contingence; prototypes; description of experience; ethical and moral narratives and embodied narratives. In the perspective of users, the recovery process is characterized as a non-linear and complex process, which involves different dimensions of daily life. Despite of glimping the possibility of mental health increasing, the cure and the return to pré-morbid state seems to be a remote possibility for the users which indicates the co-existence of more and/or less auspicious perspectives related to the recovery process / Mestrado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sonia.pdf: 1002414 bytes, checksum: a7674a86d47e3a43047f8ead9de8d0d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / The investigation of the repercussion of work in communitarian based services through extensive epidemiological studies with the use of standardized and validated scales, such as the Brazilian Mental Health Services Staff Satisfaction Scale (SATISBR) and Brazilian Mental Health Services Staff Burden Scale (IMPACTO-BR), provides subvention to assess the sustainability of mental health teams in the community care. This is a substudy of CAPSUL II Project, supported by the Health Ministry, aiming to evaluate the Psychosocial Care Centers in Southern Brazil. It consists in a cross-sectional study with 546 individuals that work in 40 Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS). The goal of this study was to analyze satisfaction and work overload in services in Southern Brazil, as measured by the scales and SATIS-BR and IMPACTO-BR and also to test their associations with demographic variables, type of service, working conditions, work organization, absenteeism and health conditions. However the results presented here refer to the analysis of job satisfaction. The prevalence of satisfaction found in the studied sample was 66.4% and the average of global satisfaction was 3.6 (for values of 1 to 5). After adjustment they were associated with satisfaction: CAPS function in superior level (except physicians and psychologists) with greater satisfaction; working time in CAPS for 6 months or less to greater satisfaction; satisfactory team supervision to greater satisfaction; doing more number of home visits to grater satisfaction; lack of tools to work with to lower prevalence of satisfaction; possibility of making collective choices to greater satisfaction; opportunity to take courses to greater satisfaction; presence of work overload with less satisfaction. The results show an association of satisfaction with factors related to job content and working conditions in CAPS and also that one third of worker is dissatisfied in their work. These provide elements to direct the search for strategies of services organization that contemplate the needs and aspirations of the segments involved, because they show the necessity to invest in supervision by the service team, in processes that democratize the services and also in the training of their workers. / A investigação da repercussão do trabalho em serviços de base comunitária por meio de estudos epidemiológicos abrangentes com a utilização de escalas padronizadas e validadas, a exemplo da SATIS-BR e da IMPACTO-BR, fornece subsídios para avaliar a sustentabilidade das equipes de saúde mental de cuidados na comunidade. Este é um subestudo do Projeto CAPSUL II, financiado pelo Ministério da Saúde, com objetivo de avaliar os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da região sul do Brasil. Consiste em um estudo transversal com 546 indivíduos que trabalham em 40 Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). O objetivo deste foi analisar satisfação e sobrecarga de trabalho em serviços da Região Sul do Brasil, aferidas por meio das escalas SATIS-BR e IMPACTO-BR e também testar suas associações com variáveis demográficas, tipo de serviço, de condições de trabalho, organização do trabalho, faltas ao trabalho e condições de saúde. Entretanto os resultados aqui apresentados referem-se a análise da satisfação no trabalho. A prevalência de satisfação encontrada na amostra estudada foi de 66,4% e a média da satisfação global foi de 3,6 (para valores de 1 a 5). Após ajuste mostraram-se associados à maior satisfação: função no CAPS de nível superior (excetuando médicos e psicólogos); tempo de trabalho em CAPS de 6 meses ou menos; boa supervisão pela equipe; realizar maior número de visitas domiciliares; possibilidade de fazer escolhas coletivas e cursos; e com menor satisfação: falta de ferramentas para o trabalho e presença de sobrecarga de trabalho. Os resultados mostram associação da satisfação com fatores relacionados ao conteúdo do trabalho e às condições de trabalho no CAPS e também que um terço dos trabalhadores está insatisfeito em seu trabalho. Estes fornecem elementos para direcionar a busca por estratégias de organização dos serviços que contemplem as necessidades e aspirações dos segmentos envolvidos, pois mostram a necessidade de investir em supervisão pela equipe do serviço, em processos que democratizem os serviços e também na formação de seus trabalhadores.

The purpose of this study was to explore the nature and content of the social policy of "normalization" in community based services which have been used to meet the needs of deinstitutionalized mentally retarded adults. In the process it was hoped that data would be obtained to aid decision makers in planning community services for retarded adults. The study was directed to examine the relationship between the levels of normalization in services which had been provided for retarded adults who were discharged from the Provincial institution for mental retardation - Woodlands - under the medical administration of retardation services as well as after the assumption of same responsibility by the Ministry of Human Resources. These administrations represented the medical and the social systems of service delivery. "Normalization" had been adopted as "policy" soon after the transfer of responsibilities by the Ministries. Three areas of concern were examined: Levels of normalization of services; needs of subjects; and normalization as policy. These areas had been central to public discussion of retardation issues in British Columbia. In order to examine the three areas, normalization was defined in the Greater Vancouver Area of study using the explicit judgement of citizens and the implicit judgement of professionals. From their judgements, a criteria for measuring normalization was developed and used in scoring individual services according to the special features of those services. A total of seven service areas were scored: Residential, Social, Medical, Recreational, Educational, Psychological and Vocational. The needs of subjects were identified from institutional records and scored. Five service characteristics were further examined for normalization. These were the nature, type, name, location and degree of integration. An integrated framework for policy analysis as well as empirical results were then used to analyse findings. The study showed that community services were essentially deviant in orientation; that level of normalization were about the same for each five year period of study; that services were inadequate in meeting needs; that there was lack of coordination in delivery of services] and that "normalization" was a principle rather than a policy of the Provincial Government. Implications for policy development as well as areas for further research have been suggested. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

D. Cur. / The model "Facilitating mental health promotion through mobilising comfort for homeless mentally ill persons in urban areas" was developed by using a theory generative design that is qualitative, contextual, explorative and descriptive in nature. To achieve the research purpose specific objectives were formulated. This model was developed according to Chinn and Kramer's (1995:162) approach to theory generation as indicated in the first step. Identification of the central concepts for the model took place by conducting a field study to explore and describe the lived experiences of the homeless mentally ill persons and their views of what they think would alleviate their situation. A multiple case study strategy was followed. The sample consisted of three homeless mentally ill persons, purposively selected from the Soweto urban vii areas. Informed verbal consent had been obtained from all participants, and the reasons for conducting the research study were explained to them. Data collection was obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews using the phenomenological perspective and communication techniques to elicit relevant information. Data from transcripts of recorded audiotapes and field notes were analysed using the methods of Tesch's steps (in Creswell, 1994:154; Yin, 1994:102; and Merriam, 1998:16). An independent coder assisted in coding the results. Reasoning strategies used were analysis, synthesis, inductive and deductive according to Tesch's method. The results were verified through a literature review. Further analysis of data for defining the major concepts of the model which are "HOPE and COMFORT", were determined according to the method described by Wandelt and Steward (1983:64). The concepts of the model were analysed thoroughly by going through different dictionaries and subject usage. The other related concepts were identified and classified by using a survey list of Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968:430). In Step Two the defined concepts were related to each other to show interrelationships. Classification of central and relational concepts were followed to create relationship-statements as the conceptual framework of the model. In Step Three the structure and process description of the model was designed according to Chinn and Kramer (1995:108). The model was evaluated by a panel of experts. Step Four dealt with guidelines to operationalise the model in practice, education and psychiatric nursing research. Guba and Lincoln's (1985) model for trustworthiness of qualitative research was also employed. It is based on the identification of four strategies for ensuring trustworthiness used in this study, namely: truth value, applicability, consistency and neutrality. Recommendations and limitations of the research were also discussed.

Orientador: Erotildes Maria Leal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T00:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benini_IaraScaraneloPenteado_M.pdf: 1638027 bytes, checksum: 97a4d05295d28bcb59486a03fe341a2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir a experiência subjetiva do uso de psicotrópicos na perspectiva de pessoas com o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de base fenomenológica hermenêutica ou interpretativa, que ocorreu a partir da análise de narrativas produzidas em grupos focais, realizados por uma pesquisa matriz intitulada pesquisa Experiência, narrativa e conhecimento: a perspectiva do psiquiatra e a do usuário. A pesquisa matriz se deu a partir da parceria entre o Departamento de Saúde Coletiva da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (DSC/FCM/UNICAMP), Instituto de Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal da Bahia (ISC/UFBA) e o Laboratório de Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicopatologia e Subjetividade do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ). Participaram dos grupos focais 16 usuários dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) das cidades de Campinas, Rio de Janeiro e Salvador. Foram recrutados em um processo de quatro etapas. Na primeira etapa apresentou-se um vídeo com auto-relato de pessoas diagnosticadas com esquizofrenia, para que posteriormente, em conversa, os usuários pudessem manifestar sua identificação empática, ou não, com a experiência narrada (auto-atribuição de experiência). Na segunda, o instrumento diagnóstico MINIPLUS, aplicado pelos pesquisadores àqueles usuários que haviam se identificado com a experiência apresentada em vídeo, identificou aqueles que tinham transtornos do espectro esquizofrênico e considerou-se ainda a avaliação diagnóstica de esquizofrenia realizada pela própria equipe do CAPS. Na terceira e na quarta etapas foram selecionados, dentre os usuários que passaram pelas etapas anteriores, aqueles que, estando em tratamento nos referidos CAPS, aceitaram participar do estudo. A partir da análise das narrativas, as unidades de significados foram extraídas e sintetizadas em nove temas: sintoma, crise, cura, efeitos indesejáveis, compreensão diagnóstica, funcionalidade do sujeito no seu meio, cenários de cuidado, escolha ou obrigação e rotinas do tratamento medicamentoso. Esses temas, forneceram a base para descrição e análise da estrutura da experiência de uso dos medicamentos, sendo constitutivos da experiência do uso de psicotrópicos e funcionando em certa medida como o seu arcabouço. Concluiu-se que a experiência do uso dos medicamentos é muito variável. Envolve uma trama complexa, constituindo-se a partir de uma multiplicidade de relações existentes entre os medicamentos e outros elementos da vida dos usuários, a partir da articulação dessas relações. Assim sendo, a experiência que um usuário tem com o uso da medicação depende do contexto, do entendimento que o sujeito tem do processo de adoecimento, do que o levou ao uso de medicação, da sua história de vida passada e de como o medicamento foi experienciado no jogo de suas relações familiares, sociais e culturais; da relação estabelecida com o médico prescritor ou sua equipe de referência, da sua expectativa quanto ao uso de medicamentos e assim por diante. Por fim, concluiu-se serem importantes mais estudos nesse âmbito a fim de contemplarem a experiência dos usuários de psicotrópicos, auxiliando em uma maior compreensão dessa trama complexa de relações, na desnaturalização do uso de medicamentos nos serviços de atenção psicossocial e construindo novas políticas públicas em saúde mental / Abstract: This study aimed to discuss the subjective experience of the psychotropic use on the people perspective with a schizophrenia diagnosis. This is a basic qualitative study phenomenological hermeneutic or interpretive, which took place from the analysis of narratives produced in focus groups, conducted by a research survey entitled matrix experience, narrative and knowledge: the psychiatrist perspective and the user. The research matrix occurred through a partnership between the Public Health Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University at Campinas (DSC / FCM / UNICAMP), Public Health Institute of the Federal University at Bahia (ISC / UFBA) and the Laboratory Studies and Research in Psychopathology and Subjectivity of Psychiatry Institute of the Federal University at Rio de Janeiro (IPUB / UFRJ). Participated in the focus groups 16 users of the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) at Campinas, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. Were recruited in a four-step process. In the first stage was presented a video with self-report of people diagnosed with schizophrenia, so that later, in conversation, users could express their empathic identification, or not, with the narrated experience (self-attribution of experience). In the second, the diagnostic tool MINIPLUS applied by researchers to those users who had identified with the experiment shown in the video, identified those who had the schizophrenic spectrum disorders and also held up the diagnostic evaluation of schizophrenia performed by the CAPS team. In the third and fourth stages were selected, among users who have passed through the previous steps, those who, being in treatment in these CAPS, agreed to participate. From the analysis of the narratives, the units of meaning were extracted and synthesized into nine themes: symptom, crisis, cure, side effects, diagnostic understanding of the subject in their midst functionality, care scenarios, choice or obligation and routines of drug treatment. These themes, provided the basis for description and analysis of the structure of the drug user experience, being constitutive of the use of psychotropic experience and working to some extent as its framework. It was concluded that the use experience of drugs is very variable. Involves a complex plot, becoming from a multiplicity of relationships between drugs and other elements of life of users, from the articulation of these relationships. Therefore, the experience a user has with the use of medication depends on the context, the understanding that the subject has the disease process, which led to the medication, its history of past life and how the drug was experienced in the game of their family, social and cultural relations; of the relationship with the prescriber or his team of reference, their expectations about the use of drugs and so on. Finally, it was found to be important in this context further studies in order to contemplate the experience of psychotropic users, assisting in a greater understanding of this complex network of relations in the denaturalization of drug use in psychosocial care services and building new public policies mental health / Mestrado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

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Thesis (M.A.(Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / The aim of the study was to explore the notions of childhood mental illness by Sepedi-speaking elderly people in the Mankweng community of Limpopo Province (South Africa). Using the phenomenological method, the researcher sought to understand these elderly people’s notions with a view to: i) describing their conceptualizations of childhood mental illness; ii) determining their notions of the types and causes of mental illness; and iii) describing their views regarding the management of childhood mental illnesses. A total of 8 participants who were selected through snowball sampling were interviewed using unstructured interviews. The results of this study suggest that; i) childhood mental illness is better understood if described than defined, ii) childhood mental illness is manifested through behavioural and physical features, iii) there are many causal factors attributed to childhood mental illness, and iv) both Western and African traditional methods are recognized in the treatment of childhood mental illness in this rural community. The results are discussed in the context of the psychological literature on multicultural counseling and psychotherapy. / Department of Health and Social Development

Bibliography: pages 108-115. / The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate demographic factors and treatment characteristics contained in the historical records of those treated as in-patients at the Sonstraal Adolescent unit of Lentegeur Hospital, during the period 1986 to 1990. This demographic study details the following aspects of the adolescent in-patients: size, that is, numbers of those admitted to the unit; composition, including age, sex and area. Treatment characteristics such as reasons for admission, diagnosis of psychopathology, referral agent on admission and discharge and length of stay in the unit are considered. The data for the study have been extracted from the clinical records contained at Sonstraal, namely , the 'Clinical Summary on Discharge' form. This form is completed by the therapist of each adolescent attending the unit. The EpiInfo computer programmes have been utilised to create a database and to select the appropriate procedures and statistics which form the basis for data analysis and interpretation. Data interpretation includes an analysis of the emerging trends and details the implications for policy issues, unit staffing and treatment options. Analysis of the trends and comparisons with literature findings have facilitated the generation of hypotheses which could be tested in future studies. This study therefore provides a working document for future prioritising and planning of in-patient, out-patient and community mental health services to adolescents, their families and communities. This involves recommendations for intervention and community involvement. In addition, the study provides a basis for future research into adolescent mental health care.

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